Ontology-based Classification and Analysis of non- emergency Smart-city Events

Several challenges are faced by citizens of urban centers while dealing with day-to-day events, and the absence of a centralised reporting mechanism makes event-reporting and redressal a daunting task. With the push on information technology to adapt to the needs of smart-cities and integrate urban civic services, the use of Open311 architecture presents an interesting solution. In this paper, we present a novel approach that uses an existing Open311 ontology to classify and report non-emergency city-events, as well as to guide the citizen to the points of redressal. The use of linked open data and the semantic model serves to provide contextual meaning and make vast amounts of content hyper-connected and easily-searchable. Such a one-size-fits-all model also ensures reusability and effective visualisation and analysis of data across several cities. By integrating urban services across various civic bodies, the proposed approach provides a single endpoint to the citizen, which is imperative for smooth functioning of smart cities

G-C3N4 (2D)/CdS (1D)/rGO (2D) dual-interface nano-composite for excellent and stable visible light photocatalytic hydrogen generation

A 2D/1D/2D dual-interface nano-composite configuration in the form of CdS nanorods sandwiched between g-C3N4 and rGO sheets with intimate interfacial contact is synthesized by a facile wet-chemical method and is shown to exhibit excellent photocatalytic H2 generation under visible-light irradiation. In particular, the optimal g-C3N4/CdS/rGO dual-interface nano-composite shows H2 production rate of ∼4800 μmol h-1 g-1, which is almost 44, 11 and 2.5 times higher than that shown by pure g-C3N4 nanosheets, and the g-C3N4/rGO and g-C3N4/CdS single interface heterostructures, respectively. It is shown that the synergic effects involving the band structure match and close interfacial contact, which can accelerate the separation and transfer of photoinduced charge carriers, and the enhanced visible-light absorption together contribute to the impressive photocatalytic performance and photostability of the g-C3N4/CdS/rGO ternary nano-composite system. Specific advantages of a dual-interface triple-composite system over a single interface case(s) are also brought out

g-C3N4/ NiAl-LDH 2D/2D Hybrid Heterojunction for High-Performance Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 into Renewable Fuels

2D/2D interface heterostructures of g-C3N4 and NiAl-LDH are synthesized utilizing strong electrostatic interactions between positively charged 2D NiAl-LDH sheets and negatively charged 2D g-C3N4 nanosheets. This new 2D/2D interface heterojunction showed remarkable performance for photocatalytic CO2 reduction to produce renewable fuels such as CO and H2 under visible-light irradiation, far superior to that of either single phase g-C3N4 or NiAl-LDH nanosheets. The enhancement of photocatalytic activity could be attributed mainly to the excellent interfacial contact at the heterojunction of g-C3N4/NiAl-LDH, which subsequently results in suppressed recombination, and improved transfer and separation of photogenerated charge carriers. In addition, the optimal g-C3N4/NiAl-LDH nanocomposite possessed high photostability after successive experimental runs with no obvious change in the production of CO from CO2 reduction. Our findings regarding the design, fabrication and photophysical properties of 2D/2D heterostructure systems may find use in other photocatalytic applications including H2 production and water purification

Atomic force microscopy studies on two-step nucleation and epitaxial growth

Continues advancement and rapid development of techniques operating at the nanoscale open new opportunities to revise and question commonly accepted nucleation and crystal growth theories. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has been successfully involved in various aspects of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) characterisation including crystal growth, stability of solid dispersions, surface morphology, phase changes and dissolution [1]. Recent studies conducted on proteins crystallisation at nanoscale show new evidence disproving generally accepted Classical Nuclea/on Theory (CNT)[2]. Currently, ‘dense liquid droplets’ seen in protein crystallisation and ‘pre-nucleation clusters’ [3] seen mostly in inorganic salt crystallisation, are two main concepts of non-classical nucleation theory, although no significant progress has been made towards better understanding of mechanisms controlling heterogeneous nucleation in small organic molecules systems, what is in particular interest, as an epitaxial ordering phenomenon is frequently used to enhance nucleation rates and control properties of materials. Our studies present a new light on heteronucleation and the epitaxial growth mechanisms based epitaxial growth of olanzapine dihydrate D on the surface of olanzapine form I (OZPN I) both in high humidity conditions and water solu*on. Results obtained from Peak Force Quan/ta/ve Nanomechanical Mapping Atomic Force Microscopy (PF- QNM-AFM) [4] indicate the presence of intermediate dense liquid-like phase in process of dihydrate D nucleation

Evaluation of vitamins/tonics prescribing pattern in tertiary care teaching hospital and private sector

Background: Rational use of drugs had been great concern by the government as well as public during the past several years. Monitoring of prescriptions studies could identify the associated problems and provide feedback to the prescribers, so as to create awareness about the irrational use of drugs. This study was conducted to evaluate the prescribing pattern of Vitamins/Tonics in government sector and private sector.Methods: This prospective study was designed to obtain statistical data on the prescribing pattern of Vitamins/tonics in patients of S.V.B.P. Hospital Meerut and other associated hospital/ clinics. The total study sample size was of 614 prescriptions. Out of these 439 prescriptions were from government sector, 175 prescriptions from private sectors.Results: Percentages of prescription with Vitamins/ Tonics were 35.76 and 48.57 in government and private sectors respectively and these differences are statistically significant. Percentage of drug prescribed as Vitamins/ Tonics of the total drugs was 8.68 and 10.19, in government and private sector respectively and these differences are statistically not significant. Vitamins/ Tonics were the most frequently prescribed drugs 16.52% and 17.14% in obs./ Gynae in both the sectors respectively, and least number of Vitamins/ Tonics 1.06% and 3.2% were prescribed in cardiology in both the sectors.Conclusions: The study indicates a big scope for enhancing the prescribing pattern of Vitamins/Tonics and minimizing the use of irrational Vitamins/Tonics, due to the fact most of the times it’s not needed, and it only put financial burden on Patients

A review on distribution, properties, genetic organization, immobilisation and applications of urease

Urease, a nickel-containing metalloenzyme is getting remarkable attention due to a diverse range of applications for mankind. Urease plays a magnificent role in various field like agriculture, analytical, geological phenomena, beverage industry and is an important diagnostic tool. Urease is mainly present in bacteria, fungi, plants and invertebrates and its manifestation in specific genera may open new vistas for its taxonomic position. Various qualitative and quantitative assays are also reported for the estimation of urease enzyme. Urease based biosensors utilizing green synthesis on nanoparticles are also trending. Recently developed inhibitors against urease were discussed in the review. Inhibitory mechanisms involving the structural similarity of the substrate through modification or derivatization can also help in rational drug design by two possible competitive ways either by mimicking monodentate urea binding or binding as a tetrahedral intermediate. Immobilisation of urease through gel entrapment, using non-covalent and covalent protein tags, cross linkage, covalent bonding, using composite films, Teflon, co-precipitation and coating on nanoparticles is also reported. This review also comprised of various application of urease including enhancement of fertility in the soil, cell to cell organization, protection to predators, treatment of various bladder related diseases and infections, analysis of urea and heavy metal ions, biocementation, pollution control by bioleaching of heavy metals and making beverages urea and ethyl carbamate free. As researchers have a keen interest in urease enzyme at present, most of its aspects were incorporated in the article to make it helpful to the scientific community for further research related to the development of new inhibitors and add on applications of urease for the upliftment of the human as well as environment.

Intellectual Property Rights in Context of New Education Policy 2020

Intellectual property rights (IPRs) are the backbone of innovation and new ideas. They encourage prospective researchers and protect their interests. These rights give innovators an exclusive right over their creations for a certain period. India being a member of the World trade organization has complied with its obligations related to intellectual property rights. In India, IPRs are divided into the following categories as Copyright, patents, designs, and trademarks. The New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 puts major emphasis on ability enhancement and skill development with a technology-driven approach to teaching-learning processes accompanied by creativity and innovation. The purpose of IPR is to provide protection for the results of investments of individuals and stimulate innovation thereby rewarding and encouraging creative work in the development of NEP 2020. In today’s era, it is very important to create IPR awareness within academic institutions among faculty members and students so that they can patent their innovative research work and consequently benefit the stakeholders. IPRs have also gained substantial importance with the advent of information technology. IPR is of prime importance in sustaining the Global business environment and hence subsistence all over the globe. These rights uplift the inquisitive mindset by duly acknowledging and providing benefits to the originator. The absence and inadequate execution of these rights may impede the social, technical, and economic growth of anation. Hence appropriate propagation of IPR knowledge and its implementation is of paramount significance in the context of NEP 2020

Evaluation of retinal nerve fibre layer, optic nerve head, and macular ganglion cell analysis measurements for early glaucoma detection using spectral domain optical coherence tomography

Background: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. It is very important to diagnose glaucoma in early stages so that timely management can be done. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), is a newer device which helps to diagnose glaucoma early. The aim of our study was to evaluate the RNFL, ONH, and mGCA (GCL+IPL) measurements for early glaucoma detection using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).Methods: Total 30, POAG (primary open angle glaucoma) suspects were compared with 30 normal controls. The Cirrus HD-OCT optic disc cube 200 × 200 protocol was used to measure ONH, RNFL and macular parameters.Results: The average cpRNFL thickness of all quadrants was significantly lower in POAG suspects, (84.13±7.42 μm versus 103.85±8.95 μm, p<0.001). The superior GCL+IPL thickness of POAG suspects and controls was 75.75±2.60 μm and 80.05±1.74 μm, respectively, (p<0.001). The inferior GCL+IPL thickness of POAG suspects and controls was 75.98±2.59 μm and 80.00±1.79 μm, respectively, (p<0.001).Conclusions: The SD-OCT is an important device to diagnose POAG suspects, early. The GCA measurements and average RNFL (especially superior and inferior) measurements, both are equally good to discriminate between glaucoma suspects and normal controls

Efficacy of mHealth aided 12-week meditation and breath intervention on change in burnout and professional quality of life among health care providers of a tertiary care hospital in north India: a randomized waitlist-controlled trial

IntroductionBurnout is “Chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed.” Professional quality of life (PQL) includes work related experiences of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue. Healthcare providers (HCPs) are highly susceptible to burnout and compassion fatigue due to their demanding work, which lowers PQL. Burnout leads to poor care, medical errors, and patient safety across healthcare disciplines. Yoga has been shown to improve resilience, reduce stress, and increase self-compassion and psycho-physiological coherence. This study compared HCPs in a mHealth-aided 12-week yoga-based meditation and breath intervention to waitlist controls for HCP burnout and PQL at a north Indian tertiary care hospital.MethodsThis was randomized waitlist-controlled trial. Total 98 HCPs (62 males and 36 females) with an average age of 28.26 ± 3.547 years were enrolled consecutively from March 2021 to November 2022. Randomization was done with opaque sealed envelopes numbered in a computer-generated sequence. The experimental group (n = 49) received 12 online weekly yoga sessions and performed daily home practice (6 days a week). The waitlisted control group (n = 49) continued their daily routine. Maslach’s burnout inventory (MBI), professional quality of life (PQL) and anthropometric measurements were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks.ResultsAfter 12 weeks, the MBI outcomes of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment showed a highly significant difference between the two groups (p &lt; 0.001). PQL outcomes of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary trauma also differed significantly (p &lt; 0.001). Within group analysis showed that MBI and PQL outcomes improved significantly (p &lt; 0.001) for the experimental group after 12 weeks.ConclusionThe current study contributes to the existing evidence on the effectiveness of Yoga in managing stress and developing resilience among doctors, nurses, and other medical professionals. Integrating yoga into healthcare settings is crucial for addressing the detrimental impact of burnout on decision-making and promoting positive patient outcomes. mHealth technologies have the potential to enhance the user-friendliness of yoga-based interventions by personalizing the practice space and time. Yoga-based interventions and mHealth technologies can effectively address physician burnout, in a simple and implementable manner

Direct observation of templated two-step nucleation mechanism during olanzapine hydrate formation

Investigating crystal nucleation at the nanoscale is of significant interest, in particular as more complex, non-classical routes have roused questions about the classical view of homo- and hetero-nucleation processes. Here, we report the direct observation of a two-step nucleation mechanism during the transformation of anhydrous olanzapine to olanzapine dihydrate. Atomic force microscopy studies of the dominant (100)OZPNI face of olanzapine form I single crystals in contact with water show the formation and growth of dense nanodroplets concentrated around ledge sites. In unstirred solution, apparent ordering and crystallisation from these droplets occurs with olanzapine dihydrate D produced by the templating effect of the underlying olanzapine I lattice. In contrast, under stirred conditions a kinetic dihydrate polymorph, dihydrate B, nucleates probably due to the detachment of nanodroplets from the surface during stirring and a consequent loss of template effect. Computational modelling of the binding of olanzapine growth units on crystal ledges reveals many strongly bound dimer positions unrelated to either crystal structure. This impedes surface integration and contributes to the growth of disordered clusters at the ledge site. Nanocrystal modelling shows that the (100)OZPNI surface favours the nucleation of dihydrate D over the kinetic form. This work gives an important insight into heterogeneous two step nucleation where the first step, the formation of a prenucleation droplet, can in the second step, bifurcate, either to produce the stable form by templating, or the kinetic form on detachment of the nanodroplets