Comparison study of existing bowl piston and modified bowl piston diesel engine performance emission and combustion characteristics by using diesel

In this investigation, the Modified bowl piston (MBP)diesel engine performanceemission and combustion characteristics have been studied by using diesel (100%D)and compared with theExisting bowl piston (EBP). From the results, it is evident that the MBP has given higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) at an engine load 80%, 100% and higher exhaust gas temperature (EGT) has been given in engine all loads, when compared with EBP. In emission point of view,the MBP has given lower hydrocarbon (HC),carbon monoxide (CO), smoke at all loads when compared with EBP, However nitrogen oxide (NOX), carbon dioxide (CO2)have increased for MBP. In the combustion point of view MBP has given higher cylinder pressure (CP) and higher cumulative heat release rate (CHRR) at full load condition when compared with EBP.  From the experimental results, it has been concluded that the MBP is anapt one in performance, emission and combustion perspective when compared with EBP by using 100%D

Durability Map for The Friction Stir Welding Tools with Flat Faced Pins

In friction stir welding, tools made with flat faced pins deliver comparatively higher strength joints than circular pins. However, its non-axisymmetric cross section about the rotational axis results in fluctuating stress along its surface that leads to premature tool failure. This requires a systematic definition for process parameter selection domain based on the number of flat faces in the pin to improve tool life. Temperature dependent strength of the material to be joined in the stir zone is the only source of opposing force for the tool movement. To predict opposing force, temperature gradient developed by the different levels of process parameters in the stir zone is numerically quantified with an experimentally validated model. Based on the estimated temperature, maximum stress acting on the tool pin is quantified with a remodified temperature dependent analytical model. The effect of increase in process temperature on the strength of the weld joint is experimentally analysed through the investigation of change in hardness value in heat affected zone. Obtained results are used to develop tool durability maps for tools with flat faced pin in a domain on which higher and lower limits are fixed by considering satisfactory level of joint strength and tool life respectively. These maps provide flexibility in the parameter selection with an acceptable level of compromise in joint strength or in tool life based on the quality requirement of weld joint

Prospective study on Functional and Radiological Outcome of Tuberculosis of Dorsal and Lumbar Spine-Anterior Reconstruction and Posterior Stabilization through Posterior only approach

INTRODUCTION: Spinal TB is predominantly an anterior disease that can lead to kyphotic deformity. Hence, anterior debridement and fusion was considered as the gold standard. However, with remarkable improvements in chemotherapy regimens and diagnostic tools, it is possible to detect the disease process early and treat them with less radical approaches. In the present study, authors have shown the results of posterior pedicle-screw fixation with transpedicular decompression in thoracic and thoracolumbar spinal TB. AIM OF THE STUDY: In this study we clinicoradiologically evaluated the outcome of debridement, decompression, reconstruction using bone graft/cage, stabilisation with pedicle screws and fusion for tuberculosis of dorsal and lumbar spinethrough posterior only approach. OBJECTIVES: 1. To study the effectiveness of posterior decompression, stabilisation with pedicle screws and fusion, reconstruction using bone graft/cage for tuberculosis of dorsal and lumbar spine. 2. To study the improvement in the angle of kyphosis. 3. To evaluate that posterior surgery associated with reduced morbidity and mortality. MATERIALS & METHODS: Patients with Tuberculosis of Dorsal and Lumbar spine admitted at Government Rajaji Hospital ,Madurai In Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology will be taken up for study after obtaining informed consent between October 2017& October 2019. All patients were treated with posterior approach and stabilised with Pedicle screw system, reconstruction using bone graft/ cage. RESULT: The most common age group affected was 2nd and 3rddecade (40%). The most common mode of presentation is pain (66.7%). The dorsal spine is most commonly affected (40%) followed by dorsolumbar junction (35%)The mean duration between surgery and onset of symptoms was 7.2 months (range 5-10months). The mean surgical time was 2 hours 2 minutes (range 1h 45 min-4hr 10 min). The average blood loss was 300 ml (250 ml – 500ml). The mean preoperative Visual analog score was 8.68 (range8-10) which improved to 1.33(1-3) at final follow up implying better pain score postoperatively. The mean preoperative ESR value was 116.63 which improved to 26.44 at final follow up which indicates improvement in disease activity. There is significant improvement in function and neurology in all other patients. The mean preoperative kyphosis in the thoracic and thoracolumbar spine was 29.4 degrees which was corrected to a mean of 14.05 degrees in the final follow up radiographs implying better correction and maintenance of kyphosis. CONCLUSION: The posterior approach (extracavitory approach) gives a reasonable access to the lateral and anterior aspects of the cord for an equally good decompression of the cord. It is a less morbid approach and avoids problems associated with thoracotomy and laprotomy.It facilitates early mobilization and avoids problems of prolonged recumbency. It provides better functional outcome and significantly better sagittal plane and kyphosis correction. Posterior approach preferred because of its familiarity, its simplicity, and its low complication rate

EXPERIMENTAL AND MATHEMATICAL INVESTIGATION ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF OXYGEN ENRICHED AIR IN INTAKE OF A SINGLE CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE

This  research revealed  that the  single cylinder diesel  engine performance and  emission   characteristics are improved by the oxygen content enriched  intake air and was varied between 21% to 27 % (ie., 21,23,25,27%  by the volume). The effects of enriched oxygen with different loads are analyzed in terms of brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and also the environmental pollutant like NOx, CO, HC and Smoke. The   mathematical experiment were designed using a statistical tool know as design expert based on response surface modeling. Using RSM to predict the response parameter like brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxides and smoke. Optimization of the input and response parameters is also done using desirability approach. Finally a software tool is developed using LabVIEW software for predicting engine parameters when the engine input parameters are given

An unusual occurrence of synovial sarcoma in forearm: a case report

Soft tissue sarcomas are group of malignant tumours arising from extra skeletal mesenchymal tissue. Presenting a patient with swelling over the posterior aspect of left arm for 6 months, gradually increasing in size for four months and rapidly increasing in size for last 2 months and not associated with pain. Peripheral pulses felt. Ultrasound showed large solid cystic intramuscular lesion arising from triceps muscle and Trucut biopsy showed poorly differentiated malignancy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) left arm impression was large lobulated solid cystic space occupying lesion in triceps muscle, possibility of neoplastic lesion. Here the patient underwent wide local excision and reconstruction procedure followed by Radiotherapy, chemotherapy and regular follow up

Power Consumption and Carbon Emission Equivalent for Virtualized Resources – An Analysis: Virtual Machine and Container Analysis for Greener Data Center

The International Energy Agency (IEA) revealed that the worldwide energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) situation has hit a historic high of 33.1 Giga tonnes (Gt) of CO2. 85% of the rise in emissions was due to China, India, and the United States. The increase in emissions in India was 4.8%, or 105 Mega tonnes (Mt) of CO2, with the increase in emissions being evenly distributed across the transportation and industrial sectors, according to Beloglazov et al (2011). Environmental contamination brought on by carbon emissions is harmful to the environment. As a result, there is an urgent need for the IT sectors to develop effective and efficient technology to eliminate such carbon emissions. The primary focus is on lowering carbon emissions due to widespread awareness of the issue

Self-supervised wavelet-based attention network for semantic segmentation of MRI brain tumor

To determine the appropriate treatment plan for patients, radiologists must reliably detect brain tumors. Despite the fact that manual segmentation involves a great deal of knowledge and ability, it may sometimes be inaccurate. By evaluating the size, location, structure, and grade of the tumor, automatic tumor segmentation in MRI images aids in a more thorough analysis of pathological conditions. Due to the intensity differences in MRI images, gliomas may spread out, have low contrast, and are therefore difficult to detect. As a result, segmenting brain tumors is a challenging process. In the past, several methods for segmenting brain tumors in MRI scans were created. However, because of their susceptibility to noise and distortions, the usefulness of these approaches is limited. Self-Supervised Wavele- based Attention Network (SSW-AN), a new attention module with adjustable self-supervised activation functions and dynamic weights, is what we suggest as a way to collect global context information. In particular, this network’s input and labels are made up of four parameters produced by the two-dimensional (2D) Wavelet transform, which makes the training process simpler by neatly segmenting the data into low-frequency and high-frequency channels. To be more precise, we make use of the channel attention and spatial attention modules of the self-supervised attention block (SSAB). As a result, this method may more easily zero in on crucial underlying channels and spatial patterns. The suggested SSW-AN has been shown to outperform the current state-of-the-art algorithms in medical image segmentation tasks, with more accuracy, more promising dependability, and less unnecessary redundancy.Web of Science235art. no. 271