RSS Based Energy Efficient Scheme for the Reduction of Overhearing and Rebroadcast for MANET

AbstractIn MANET, reducing the amount of overhearing and rebroadcast based on Received Signal Strength (RSS) value can reduce the energy consumption. A cross layer framework is designed by combining the physical, MAC and network layer. In order to reduce the energy consumption, 802.11 PSM is integrated with DSR. Overhearing in DSR will improve the routing efficiency by expending some amount of energy. The main causes for energy consumption are unconditional overhearing and unnecessary rebroadcast of RREQ to the nodes which are having less Received Signal Strength (RSS). Here, RSS is used to predict the mobility of nodes. The less value of RSS indicates that the nodes are far away from the sender and this may lead to many path breakages. Probability of overhearing reduction (POR) is determined in order to limit the amount of hearing for the unicast packets. The proposed mechanism R-ROR avoids unnecessary overhearing and rebroadcast using cross layer design aiming to achieve energy consumption. Rebroadcast based on the RSS can reduce the number of path breakages, energy consumption and overhead. Simulation results are compared for Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), energy consumption and delay. The analysis shows that R-ROR is energy efficient compared to 802.11, 802.11PSM, ODPM and RandomCast

Leaf blight of Azadirachta indica and its management in vitro

Leaf blight, a moderate to severe foliar disease of Azadirachta indica was caused by Colletotrichum dematium and Fusarium solani. Previously F. solani was reported on A. indica but the presence of C. dematium is a new document. F. solani was highly virulent against seedlings of A. indica compared to C. dematium in seeds subjected to top of the paper method. In vitro management of these pathogens using Poison Food Technique suggested that of the seven fungicides tested at 50, 100 and 150 ppm concentrations, 100% growth inhibition was recorded in all the three concentrations of ContafPlus and Tilt against C. dematium whereas in F. solani all the three concentrations of Bavistin inhibited the growth of mycelial colony in the range of 88.54 - 86.32%. However, in both C. dematium and F. solani 50 ppm Blitox showed least inhibition

Genetic studies in children with intellectual disability and autistic spectrum of disorders

Autism is one of the five disorders that falls under the umbrella of Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a category of neurological disorders characterized by "severe and pervasive impairment in several areas of development." ASD is characterized by varying degrees of impairment in communication skills, social interaction and restricted, repetitive stereotyped patterns of behavior. The five disorders under PDD are autistic disorder, Asperger\u2032s disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, Rett\u2032s disorder and PDD-not otherwise specified. ASD can often be reliably detected by the age of 3 years and, in some cases, as early as 18 months. The appearance of any warning signs of ASD is reason to have the child evaluated by a professional specializing in these disorders

Composites: A catalogue of books and conference13; proceedings available in the NAL Library

A catalogue of books and conference proceedings13; on Composite Materials held by NAL Librar

Leaf blight of Syzygium cumini and its management in vitro

A Pestalotiopsis sp. identified as the major pathogen causing leaf blight disease of Syzygium cumini was isolated from naturally infected leaf samples of S. cumini collected from forest nurseries of the Mysore district, India. The fungus was pathogenic on 4-month-old seedlings, which exhibited leaf blight symptoms within 15 days of inoculation. The effects of five systemic and two contact fungicides were evaluated against the pathogen in vitro using the poison food technique. Among the seven fungicides studied in vitro only two systemic fungicides namely, Bavistin and Roko were proven to be effective against Pestalotiopsis sp. at concentrations of 50, 100 and 150 mg/L; these fungicides showed 100% growth inhibition and nil fungal growth. The effectiveness of systemic fungicides was higher than that of contact fungicides. Thus, the present study recommends the use of Bavistin and Roko at a minimal concentration of 50 mg/L for maximum inhibition of Pestalotiopsis sp

Reduction of Dyes by Photogenerated Ketyl Radicals

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