Oral Hygiene (OHI-S) and DMFT Status among Type 1 Diabetic Adolescents Aged 12-19 Years: A Case-Control Study

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes in any form (type 1 or type 2) has the potential to affect the oral health of an individual. AIM: To assess the oral hygiene status (simplified) and DMFT among adolescents aged 12-19 years with type 1 diabetes (cases) in Jammu District, Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), India MATERIALS AND METHOD: A total of 50 patients aged 12-19 years with type 1 diabetes mellitus, screened via medical history from  August 2017 to August 2018 were enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of 51 healthy adolescents matched for age and gender selected randomly. The DMFT index was used to record the Decayed, Missing, Filled teeth, while the OHI-S Index was used to assess the Oral Hygiene Status. The examinations were done under artificial light and  data was analyzed using SPSS version  19.0. The t-test, Odd’s Ratio (OR) and multiple regression were used to analyze the data.  RESULTS: Of a total of 101 participants(50 cases and 51 controls) enrolled in the study, cases reported higher values of OHI-S and DMFT  as compared to controls. The cases had an OHI-S score of 3.12±3.2 indicating poor oral hygiene, the controls’ score of 2.54±1.1 revealed fair oral hygiene and no significant statistical differences were found (OR=2.1). A significant difference (p=0.03) was seen upon comparison of DMFT among cases (4.67±6.6) and controls (3.82±2.9). The cases were 1.7 (OR) times more likely to have higher DMF values as compared to controls CONCLUSION: Efforts must be reinforced among adolescents emphasizing the importance of oral health, through more frequent dental education camps in Jammu district, J&K, Indi

On nonoscillation of canonical or noncanonical disconjugate functional equations

summary:Qualitative comparison of the nonoscillatory behavior of the equations $$L_ny(t) + H(t,y(t)) = 0$$ and $$L_ny(t) + H(t,y(g(t))) = 0$$ is sought by way of finding different nonoscillation criteria for the above equations. $L_n$ is a disconjugate operator of the form $$L_n = \frac{1}{p_n(t)} \frac{\mathrm{d}{}}{\mathrm{d}t} \frac{1}{p_{n-1}(t)} \frac{\mathrm{d}{}}{\mathrm{d}t} \ldots \frac{\mathrm{d}{}}{\mathrm{d}t} \frac{\cdot }{p_0(t)}.$$ Both canonical and noncanonical forms of $L_n$ have been studied

Oscillation in second order functional equations with deviating arguments

For the pair of functional equations (A)(r(t)y′(t))+p(t)h(h(g(t)))=f(t) and (B)(r(t)y′(t))−p(t)h(y(g(t)))=0 sufficient conditions have been found to cause all solutions of equation (A) to be oscillatory. These conditions depend upon a positive solution of equation (B)

Malignant Melanoma of Nose and Paranasal Sinuses: 2 Case Reports

Malignant melanoma is one of the rare and highly aggressive diseases of the sinonasal cavity. High index of suspicion is required for diagnosis as the patient usually presents with non specific signs and symptoms. In the natural course of the disease, higher rate of loco regional recurrences and distant metastasis are seen making the overall prognosis of disease very poor. In reviewing the various treatment modalities used in the past, surgical resection of the tumour with postoperative radiotherapy is preferred one. Advances in surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy don’t have any impact on improved survival, which remains poor in this disease. We report two cases of malignant melanoma, which were treated at our institute

Primary Non-Hodgkin's Malignant Lymphoma of the Sinonasal Tract

Primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL) of the sinonasal tract are rather uncommon entities. Morphologically and radiographically, sinonasal lymphomas are difficult to distinguish from other malignant neoplasms or non- neoplastic processes. They have a variable presentation from fulminant destructive manifestations to chronic indolent type of disease and may mimic as carcinomas and invasive fungal infection respectively. We report a case of primary NHL involving sinonasal tract in elderly female, which was clinically and radiologically mimicking as sinonasal malignany and was proven as NHL on histological examination and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. A high index of suspicion, appropriate histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry is necessary to differentiate sinonasal lymphomas from other possibilities. Failure to do so may miss the diagnosis and delay appropriate treatmen

Lychee Associated Encephalopathy: Myth or Reality?

Once again, lychee fruit is flashing in the Indian news headlines after being criticized for association with fatal encephalopathy in Muzaffarpur region of Bihar. More than a 100 children in the district have lost their lives to this mysterious deadly outbreak. The research work behind the etiopathology of this lethal disease is minimal. There is a constant need of reporting these kind of unusual breakouts and analysing the data on basis of clinical and laboratory records. The health professionals will have to focus the target population, using preventive and curative measures, but this could be done only if substantial research is available for meta-analysis to reach a decision that could effectively and satisfactorily control this fatal and life-threatening public health issue

Queuing system 'Expections' their affects and non-queue state : a new stochastic approach

Most queuing models are based on organized behavior of customers served by a server or multiple servers. However, there are many instances that the queuing model does not stand by real world queue ethics. The consequences can go towards non-queue state caused by overcrowding and cultural background of the customers. This research portrays the successive outcomes that sourced non-queue state due to customer ignored behaviors as well as the unsystematic policy of a single serving system which becomes the main research problem. Such activities are termed as 'exceptions' and their disturbances in queuing system. The main objective of this research is to present 'exceptions', their affects and to resolve the non-queue state. It is important so that the waiting time distribution, behaviour of the system during 'exceptions' and queuing system can be evaluated, demonstrated and reinstated to a single server queuing state, respectively. A non-queue is a state addressed when system utilization goes beyond I 00 percent. Furthermore, this would indicate no formal queue at all as customers could be assumed at random locations. This research will explain the state of the system during 'exception' and non-queue transformation largely with the support of probability theory in time index values. Various 'exceptions' categories with constructed waiting time probability models and their results have proven that the customers large waiting do actually overcrowd the queuing system. This thesis discusses 'exceptions' affects through the Markov chain, random walk and birth-death process. The above concepts illustrate system behaviour, as 'exception' that disrupts services. In exceptional case, stochastic matrix considered two types such as actual job and 'exception' to occur during state transition. Their limitation is further simplified by random walk in convolution idea. The system parameters such as late departures, queue loss and others are affirmed in continuous-time by birth-death process. Simulation of change of discrete-event of queuing system such as service times shows, in long-run on averages service time fluctuates, utilization gets large, service finishing late and customers get increased in the system causing non-queue state. A platform of dissimilar manners used by stochastic process in non-queue transformation analysis. One of the manner employed are Markov conditional selection procedure is presented to recover queuing system through selecting and ordering random states. In other manner, random state(s) proceeds to get in order are expanded by proceeding walk and multinomial-pure death view. The interrelation of such models is grounded through the random states and distance decays by an interval. All such manners in stochastic process have likely to bring into being a queuing model after non-queue transformation. This research finds that the stochastic process has tremendous potential to model 'exception' outcomes and to restore the 'exception' eventual affects

Aggressive Fibromatosis in Neck.

Aggressive fibromatosis (AF) is a locally aggressive infiltrative low-grade benign tumor that accounts for approximately less than 3% of all soft tissue tumors. In the head and neck region this tumor tends to be more aggressive and associated with significant morbidity. Aggressive surgery is a viable management option and may be successfully used as a single modality treatment, or in combination with radiotherapy. We report a rare case of AF in a 38 year old female, who presented with a painless mass over the left supraclavicular fossa, extending inferiorly into the thoracic inlet, which was excised successfully in toto with the help of cardiothoracic vascular surgeon (CTVS)