Effects of Water-Gymnastics Training on Hemodynamic Variables in Pregnant Women at Rest

This study analyzes heart rate, blood pressure, and immersion bradycardia behavior at 19th, 29th and 39th gestational weeks and at three months postpartum, at sitting rest, and in the orthostatic position on land and in the orthostatic position in water in pregnant women trained in water aerobics. Significant differences were found in HR during the gestational period in the different positions. When results on land were compared to those in water, HR showed higher values on land in all gestational weeks and postpartum period, systolic BP was higher on land in 19th, 39th gestational weeks and postpartum period and diastolic BP was higher on land in 39th gestational week and postpartum period. These results suggest that throughout gestation in resting situation immersion bradycardia showed a progressive rise and BP didn’t change; however, HR and BP showed reduced values in water during gestation and postpartum period

Comparação da sensação subjetiva de esforço entre gestantes e não-gestantes e entre o exercício aquático e terrestre

34

Efeitos do treinamento de hidroginástica nas variáveis hemodinâmicas de gestantes em repouso

44

Machine learning-based predictive modeling of resilience to stressors in pregnant women during COVID-19: A prospective cohort study

During the COVID-19 pandemic, pregnant women have been at high risk for psychological distress. Lifestyle factors may be modifiable elements to help reduce and promote resilience to prenatal stress. We used Machine-Learning (ML) algorithms applied to questionnaire data obtained from an international cohort of 804 pregnant women to determine whether physical activity and diet were resilience factors against prenatal stress, and whether stress levels were in turn predictive of sleep classes. A support vector machine accurately classified perceived stress levels in pregnant women based on physical activity behaviours and dietary behaviours. In turn, we classified hours of sleep based on perceived stress levels. This research adds to a developing consensus concerning physical activity and diet, and the association with prenatal stress and sleep in pregnant women. Predictive modeling using ML approaches may be used as a screening tool and to promote positive health behaviours for pregnant women

Heart rate and blood pressure behavior throughout pregnancy, with training in water medium *

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the behavior of heart rate (HR) throughout gestation, before, during, and after the exercise in water, as well as the behavior of blood pressure (BP) before and after the same exercise. Methods: The sample was composed of seven pregnant women. The HR was measured in three moments: 1) in radial artery, in 15 seconds, with the women sitting; 2) after 20 to 30 minutes the beginning of exercise, which was performed varying from 13 to 14 based on the subject's perceived exertion (Borg's 6-20 scale), with women standing in a pool, with water at the level of their xiphoid process; 3) approximately 20 minutes after the end of the session, with women sitting. The measurement of BP was performed before and after exercise in the same conditions described above. Measurements were taken once a week throughout the gestational period. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA for repeated measures and the Bonferroni test were used, with p < 0.05 (SPSS version 11.0). Results: No statistically significant differences were found between the end of gestational trimesters and measurement conditions of variables evaluated. Conclusion: We conclude that pregnants that practice water exercises presented a constant behavior of HR and BP during the gestational period. That can probably evidence a water training effect in this population

Acute Hemodynamic Responses to Repetitions to Failure Using Different Resistance Exercises and Protocols in Normotensive Men: A crossover study

The present crossover design study investigated acute hemodynamic responses to two sets of leg press (LP) and bench press (BeP) at 10 and 20 repetition maximum (RM) in ten normotensive young men. At the end of each set, an increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), and rate pressure product (RPP) was observed (p < .01), with no differences between intensities, but SBP was greater during the LP exercise (p < .01). Lower resting values of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were observed in the post-BeP exercise period (p < .05), suggesting that DBP post-exercise hypotension may be more evident after upper-limb exercise

Cardiorespiratory responses of pregnant and non pregnant women during and after resistance exercises with two different volumes

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a frequência cardíaca fetal e as respostas cardiorrespiratórias de gestantes e não-gestantes, durante e ao longo de 30 minutos após a execução de exercícios de força para membros superiores e inferiores, em dois volumes distintos. A amostra desse estudo foi composta por 20 mulheres, com idade entre 20 e 32 anos, sendo 10 gestantes (com idade gestacional entre 22 e 24 semanas) e 10 não-gestantes, que realizaram cinco sessões experimentais: sessão 1: familiarização com os equipamentos de coletas de dados e determinação de uma repetição máxima estimada; sessões 2, 3, 4 e 5: coleta das variáveis cardiorrespiratórias durante e ao longo de 30 minutos após os exercícios de força nos equipamentos cadeira extensora de joelhos bilateral e voador peitoral, com 1 e 3 séries de 15 repetições, com carga de 50% de uma repetição máxima estimada. Utilizou-se ANOVA para medidas repetidas com 2 e 3 fatores, com post-hoc de Bonferroni (α=0,05) (SPSS vs 13.0). Os resultados demonstraram que as respostas de pressão arterial durante os exercícios de força apresentam um comportamento mais baixo no grupo gestantes. Quando estes foram realizados com série única, somente a frequência cardíaca e o duplo produto apresentaram respostas diferentes entre os exercícios, com maiores valores no exercício extensor de joelhos bilateral, entretanto, quando os exercícios foram realizados com séries múltiplas, as respostas das variáveis frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial sistólica, diastólica e média, duplo produto, ventilação e consumo de oxigênio absoluto foram diferentes entre os exercícios, com maiores valores no exercício extensor de joelhos bilateral. As variáveis analisadas apresentaram diferenças ao longo dos 30 minutos de recuperação pós-exercício, em geral, retornando aos valores basais após 10 minutos do término do exercício. Não houve ocorrência de contrações uterinas em nenhuma gestante ao longo deste período. A resposta da frequência cardíaca fetal não apresentou diferenças nos diferentes exercícios e volumes e ao longo dos 30 minutos de recuperação pós-exercício e se manteve dentro dos padrões de normalidade (120-160 bpm). Conclui-se que, durante a realização dos exercícios de força extensor de joelhos bilateral e voador peitoral, as respostas de pressão arterial de gestantes foram menores do que as não-gestantes, o exercício extensor de joelhos bilateral apresentou maiores valores das variáveis cardiorrespiratórias comparado ao exercício voador e as variáveis apresentaram aumento das suas respostas com o aumento do número de séries realizadas. A resposta fetal não diferiu entre os exercícios e volumes.The aim of the present study was to verify fetal heart rate and the cardiorespiratory responses in pregnant and non-pregnant women during and along 30 minutes postexecution of resistance exercises for upper and lower body, with two different volumes. The sample was composed of 20 healthy women, aged between 20-32 years old, being 10 pregnant women (gestational age between 22 and 24 weeks) and 10 non-pregnant women, who performed five experimental sessions: session 1: familiarization with the equipments and the determination of one estimated maximum repetition (1-RM); sessions 2, 3, 4 and 5: determination of the cardiorespiratory responses during and along 30 minutes post-resistance exercise on the bilateral leg extension and fly, with 1 and 3 sets of 15 repetitions, 50% of 1-RM. Results were analyzed using ANOVA for repeated measures with two and three factors with Bonferroni correction for post-hoc comparisons (α=0.05) (SPSS vs 13.0). The blood pressure responses during resistance exercises showed a lower behavior in the pregnant group. When the exercises were performed with a single set, only heart rate and rate-pressure product showed different responses between exercises, with increased values for bilateral leg extension, however, when the exercises were performed with multiple sets the heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure, rate-pressure product, ventilation and oxygen uptake responses were different between exercises, with increased values for bilateral leg extension. The analyzed variables showed differences along 30 minutes post-exercise but in general it was similar to those pre-exercise values after 10 minutes from the end of the resistance exercise. There was no occurrence of uterine contractions along this period. The fetal heart rate responses did not presented differences between the exercises and volumes and along the 30 minutes post-resistance exercise and kept the normality patterns (120-160 bpm). In conclusion, during the performance of the bilateral leg extension and fly resistance exercises the blood pressure response was lower in the pregnant group. The bilateral leg extension showed higher values for the cardiorespiratory variables compared to fly exercise and the variables responses presented an increase with the addition of the sets performed. The fetal response was not different between exercises and volumes performed