The Position of the Verb in Germanic Languages and Simultaneous Interpretation

This paper reports on an experimental study analysing the impact of SOV on simultaneous interpreting fromD and NL into Italian and the language-specific strategies adopted by 15 professional interpreters to tackle SOV-related difficulties. Despite the typological affinity between the two Germanic final-verb languages, the greater rigidity of the SOV structure in German appears to require more extensive anticipation efforts aswell as a longer ear-voice span. Dutch is less rigid and characterised by systematic violations of the SOV order through the extraposition of a constituent. The load on short-term memory is, thus, less onerous which justifies a shorter ear-voice span and occasionally a blander approach to reformulation than is the case fromGerman

Recovery of residual copper from low-content tailings derived from waste electrical cable treatment

The current work aims at the recovery of residual copper from electrical cables with low content of copper (less than 5%). The sample originated from the tailings of electrical cables that had been previously subjected to copper recycling treatment. The tailings were successively treated with physical methods (sieving, heavy medium sep- aration in ZnCl2 bath, and counter-current separation) and electrochemical methods (cementation, electrowin- ning). Sieving seems to be more efficient than gravity separation methods, since, for 1.00 mm aperture and sieving time as short as 2 min, the undersize copper grade of the product was 57% in copper (from 4% in the feed), with corresponding copper recovery of 53%. Longer sieving times or larger apertures led to products with higher copper recovery but of lower grade. As regards cementation, preliminary tests were carried out to investigate the effect of pH using high purity CuSO4 \ub7 5H2O instead of dissolving metallic copper. Subsequent tests using the sieving undersize product of the scrap copper wire confirmed the results of the preliminary tests; in addition to pH, this product was also used to investigate the effects of the attacking chemical (H2SO4, HCl, H2O2), sacrificial metal (aluminium, iron scrap), temperature, and surface area on cementation. The results show that cementation of the dissolved copper from scrap wire is efficient at pH = 2.5\u20133.2, with sufficient copper recovery within a few hours. Also, electrowinning tests on the undersize sieving product proved the feasibility to obtain pure copper by electrodeposition onto stainless steel cathode with lead anode, without contamination of the electrolytic solution. In both methods, copper purity degrades when HCl acid is used instead of H2SO4. Espe- cially with the use of H2SO4 in electrowinning, it was observed that lead anode is passivated when the solution is entirely depleted from copper ions. The results of the current work clearly demonstrate the feasibility to obtain pure copper from low-grade electric wire scraps by successively submitting the tailings to sieving and cementation

A primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma case report and literature review. The new WHO classification

Abstract Aim: Cyst-like lesions in the mandible rarely develop into malignancies, and the re- ported incidence is between 0.3% and 2%. The present study describes a rare case of primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma of the mandible arising from an odon- togenic cyst. Materials and Methods: An 80-year-old male was referred to Trieste University Maggiore Hospital (Trieste, Italy), with acute pain in the left retromolar area. An initial examination revealed extra oral swelling without paresthesia of the IAN. Following an intraoral examination, the oral mucosa was edematous, percussion pain was experienced on the lower left second molar. Panoramic radiography revealed a re- tained lower left wisdom tooth and an irregular radiolucent area between the lower left second molar and the mandibular angle with clear margins. Computed tomography re- vealed diffuse bone resorption and an extensive loss of cortical bone on the lingual side. Results: A biopsy was performed during the surgery to remove the second lower left molar and the wisdom tooth, the pathological diagnosis was of squamous cell carcinoma arising from the epithelial lining of the odontogenic cyst. MRI with contrast agent was also performed. Shortly after the patient has been proposed a complete resective surgery of the mass including the infiltrated areas and then a reconstructive part to restore the function and aesthetic. Conclusion: The follow-up of a large inflammatory cyst is essential for early diagnosis of malignant neoplasm. This approach allows lower invasive treatments and major survival of these patients

Assessing the Efficacy of Whole-Body Titanium Dental Implant Surface Modifications in Inducing Adhesion, Proliferation, and Osteogenesis in Human Adipose Tissue Stem Cells

Abstract: Background: Although the influence of titanium implants’ micro-surface properties on tita- nium discs has been extensively investigated, the research has not taken into consideration their whole-body effect, which may be considered possible using a combinatorial approach. Methods: Five titanium dental implants with a similar moderate roughness and different surface textures were thor- oughly characterized. The cell adhesion and proliferation were assessed after adipose-tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were seeded on whole-body implants. The implants’ inductive properties were assessed by evaluating the osteoblastic gene expression. Results: The surface micro-topography was analyzed, showing that hydroxyapatite (HA)-blasted and bland acid etching implants had the highest roughness and a lower number of surface particles. Cell adhesion was observed after 24 h on all the implants, with the highest score registered for the HA-blasted and bland acid etching implants. Cell proliferation was observed only on the laser-treated and double-acid-etched surfaces. The ADSCs ex- pressed collagen type I, osteonectin, and alkaline phosphatase on all the implant surfaces, with high levels on the HA-treated surfaces, which also triggered osteocalcin expression on day seven. Conclu- sions: The findings of this study show that the morphology and treatment of whole titanium dental implants, primarily HA-treated and bland acid etching implants, impact the adherence and activity of ADSCs in osteogenic differentiation in the absence of specific osteo-inductive signals

Influence of the anesthetic modality on the development of neurological injury after lower third molar extraction: A systematic review of the literature

The aim of this study is to evaluate if the risk of neurological injury to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and the lingual nerve (LN), following the extraction of lower third molars are influenced by the anesthetic modality (local anesthesia (LA) vs. general anesthesia (GA)). A systematic search was performed through the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, an Web of Science databases; furthermore, a manual search was performed by analyzing the references of full-text articles. From a total of 309 studies (collected after the removal of duplicates), 6 studies were selected. Of these, 4 reported a correlation between GA and nerve damage, while the other 2 did not show an obvious as- sociation. The level of bias in the studies was also calculated. Only 2 studies showed a medium risk of bias, while 4 studies showed a high risk of bias; no study showed a low risk of bias. Four of the 6 studies high- lighted a higher incidence of IAN and LN injury, following the extractions performed under GA. Although no scientific evidence is yet available, due to the scarcity and the limited quality of the studies in the literature, considering the risk–benefit ratio, LA should be the first choice in lower third molar surgery

Ultrasonic vs Drill Implant Site Preparation: Post-Operative Pain Measurement Through VAS, Swelling and Crestal Bone Remodeling: A Randomized Clinical Study.

Background: Piezosurgery is a surgical procedure that is able to perform osteotomies by a micrometric and selective cut of the bone tissue. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate two different techniques; an ultrasonic device, and a drill approach for implant site preparation. Methods: A total of fifty patients were recruited for the randomized clinical trial to receive dental implants for fixed prosthetic restoration in the posterior mandible and were allotted to two groups. In Group A the implant site was prepared following a drilling technique, while in Group B the implant site was prepared using an ultrasonic device; moreover, the operative duration was recorded. Postoperative pain and swelling were evaluated at 1, 2, 4, and 6 days. The crestal bone resorption was measured at 3 months from implant placement by a three-dimensional tomography evaluation. Results: The findings suggest that osteotomies performed by an ultrasonic device cause less pain and swelling. On the other hand, the piezoelectric preparation was characterized by a significative increase in the operative time. No statistical differences in crestal bone resorption were evident in the two different approaches. Conclusions: According to the outcome of the study, ultrasonic implant bed preparation can be used with success in implantology and could be considered a suitable alternative to traditional drilling techniques for dental fixture placement

Gingival overgrowth caused by Olmesartan Medoxomil: Observational study

Objective: Olmesartan Medoxomil is a type 1 receptor antagonist an antagonist of type 1 receptor (AT1) of angiotensin II (A-II) that inhibits numerous actions of A-II in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). A-II is a significant and multifunctional peptide involved in the pathophysiology of blood hypertension and for this reason it represents the main target in several classes of drugs used to treat and control arterial hypertension, such as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-i), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) and renin direct inhibitors. The aim of the study is to evaluate whether the two drugs that have as an active principle Olmesartan Medoxomil, with and without the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide, are able to determine gingival overgrowth. Study Design: 108 subjects were examined and divided into three groups: G1, subjects treated with Olmesartan Medoxomil and hydrochlorothiazide (n=60); G2, subjects received only Olmesartan Medoxomil (n=24); G3, control group without pharmacological therapies (n=24). The plaque index (IP) and the gingival overgrowth index (OI) were recorded, considering the vertical and horizontal components. Results: Vertical overgrowth averaged between 0.17 \ub1 0.15 (G3) and 0.34 \ub1 0.26 (G2) showing statistically significant differences (p <0.05) compared to the other groups. Horizontal overgrowth ranged from 0.18 \ub1 0.26 (G3) to 0.49 \ub1 0.35 (G2) showing statistically significant differences (p <0.05). Conclusions: antihypertensive agents as Olmesartan Medoxomil may result in mild gingival overgrowth in the upper and lower frontal dental elements not related to other etiological factors

Root-end resection with or without retrograde obturation after orthograde filling with two techniques: A micro-CT study

To evaluate the filling ability of two orthograde obturation techniques followed by the apical resection with or without retrograde obturation through micro-computed tomography (CT). Thirty-two single-rooted permanent teeth were prepared and randomised into four groups (n = 8) according to the orthograde obturation technique (single cone technique [SCT] and mineral trioxide aggregate placement) combined or not with retrograde obturation. The volume of voids (VoV) within the entire endodontic space, the apical 3 mm, and 1 mm after root resection was calculated by micro-CT. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference among the groups regarding the total VoV in all root canals, as well as within the apical 1 mm after root resection. The SCT and apical resection without retrograde filling showed significantly better results in terms of VoV at the apical 3 mm after root resection. Within the study limitations, SCT associated with apical resection without retrograde preparation exhibited a similar or less amount of voids than the other groups

A two-year report of a comparative randomized controlled trial on the treatment of upper central incisors with periapical lesions

Aim To evaluate the two-year success rate of primary root canal treatment performed with two integrated shaping and filling systems on upper central incisors with chronic periapical pathosis. Methodology The trial enrolled 60 patients with an untreated maxillary central incisor presenting a chronic periapical lesion smaller than 5 mm in diameter, who were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: G1 (n = 30), Revo-S/One Step Obturator; G2 (n = 30) GTX/GTX Obturator. The patients underwent single-session root canal treatments by an experienced endodontist and were followed up for two years. The clinical evaluation entailed percussion and palpation tests. Two independent examiners rated the radiographic healing on the basis of a previously described scale. Comparability between groups in terms of baseline clinical parameters was tested with a Mann-Whitney test (age, apical gauging) and \u3c72 test (tenderness to percussion and palpation). The comparison of clinical data and radiographic healing scores between the groups and among time points was carried out with non-parametric statistical methods (p < 0.05). Results The two groups were comparable in terms of baseline clinical parameters. All patients were available for the re-evaluation after two years. Only one patient per group was positive to the clinical tests at the final recall. An improvement of radiographic healing scores along the follow-up period was observed. After two years, the lesions were scored as totally healed, partially healed and not healed in 93.3%, 3.3% and 3.3% of cases in G1 and in 93.3%, 0% and 6.7% of cases in G2, without pointing out statistically significant differences between groups. Conclusions Both the two tested integrated shaping and filling systems proved to be effective for the treatment of upper central incisors with periapical pathosis. When monitoring the healing of periapical lesions, follow-up times longer than one year may be required to observe complete healing

Volumetric analysis of gingival crevicular fluid and peri-implant sulcus fluid in healthy and diseased sites: A cross-sectional split-mouth pilot study

Background: Researchers have recently drawn attention to the analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implant sulcus fluid (PISF) for the implementation of the diagnosis of periodontal and peri-implant disease. Nevertheless, the measurements of volume and biomarkers concentration can be critically biased when data collected from studies with parallel group design are compared, given the technical difficulties, methodological variables, as well as the variability of crevicular fluid characteristics among different individuals. Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the GCF and PISF volumes in healthy and diseased sites belonging to the same patient. Method: Ten patients presenting a periodontally healthy tooth, a tooth with periodontitis, an implant with healthy peri-implant tissues and an implant with peri-implantitis were enrolled. Samples of GCF and PISF were collected from each site of interest and their volume measured with a Periotron 8000 device. Non-parametric statistical analysis was performed to test the significance of the differences in GCF and PISF volumes between i) sites of teeth and dental implants with the same condition of health or disease and ii) healthy and diseased sites of both teeth and dental implants subgroups. The correlation between probing pocket depth (PPD) and fluid production was also tested (p<0.05). Results: Healthy periodontal and peri-implant tissues produced comparable amounts of fluid that was significantly lower than in diseased sites (p<0.05). In the presence of diagnosed disease, the volumes of GCF and PISF were similar, too. The correlation between PPD and fluid production was significant only in healthy sites (PPD/GCF, \u3c1=0.890, p<0.001; PPD/PISF, \u3c1=0.810; p<0.005). Conclusion: The periodontal and peri-implant tissues behaved similarly in terms of fluid production in condition of both health and active disease