"Responsible drinkers create all the atmosphere of a mortuary" : policy implementation of responsible drinking in Scotland

The purpose of this paper is to explore the reaction of customer facing staff and their attitude to the introduction of high profile corporate social responsibility (CSR) programmes; in particular their level of awareness and willingness to implement them. Conducted using a series of site visits and interviews with managers working within the licensed trade, this was followed up with structured interviews of "front line" staff. Despite high levels of awareness of both the social problems relating to alcohol consumption and the legislative changes, engagement with operational CSR was limited and often disinterested. Legal and societal expectations regarding drunkenness are of little concern. This paper is concerned with nascent legislation, the full impact and success of which has not yet emerged. Reviewing this study in five years would add to the strength of the results. Limited to Scotland due to its devolved licensing laws, however, it clearly highlights lack of employee engagement with CSR. Despite placing CSR issues at the forefront of day to day operations within the licensed trade there is little empirical evidence around customer facing staff engagement. CSR is a dynamic process that relies on the involvement of employees for its successful implementation. A new CSR implementation matrix is presented which allows hospitality businesses to be positioned according to levels of both management and employee engagement with CSR policies

Isomorphic moral regulation : evidence from alcohol retail in Scotland

This research asks, “How do isomorphic mechanisms and institutional pressures for moral regulation influence legislation?” A framework of neo-institutional theory, legitimacy, moral panic and moral regulation literatures are applied, via an interpretivist flashpoint methodology, to the Scottish alcohol retailing context, examining parliamentary debates from 2002-2012. The primary research output is the isomorphic moral regulation model, detailing the process by which organisations become more technically inefficient due to legislation regarding a problematized aspect of production on moral grounds. Moral appropriateness overrides pragmatic assessments of personal gain, inflating the value of moral legitimacy in such contexts, serving to rationalise new inefficiencies. A necessary part of the IMR process is the narrative supporting institutional change. Key figures in this narrative, or story, are the villains, victims, and vexes, which highlight the threat posed to all levels of by the essential problematizations.This research asks, “How do isomorphic mechanisms and institutional pressures for moral regulation influence legislation?” A framework of neo-institutional theory, legitimacy, moral panic and moral regulation literatures are applied, via an interpretivist flashpoint methodology, to the Scottish alcohol retailing context, examining parliamentary debates from 2002-2012. The primary research output is the isomorphic moral regulation model, detailing the process by which organisations become more technically inefficient due to legislation regarding a problematized aspect of production on moral grounds. Moral appropriateness overrides pragmatic assessments of personal gain, inflating the value of moral legitimacy in such contexts, serving to rationalise new inefficiencies. A necessary part of the IMR process is the narrative supporting institutional change. Key figures in this narrative, or story, are the villains, victims, and vexes, which highlight the threat posed to all levels of by the essential problematizations

The Crusades, the Knights Templar and hospitaller : a combination of religion, war, pilgrimage and tourism enablers

The crusades represent one of the best, and undoubtedly most controversial, examples of the complex relationship between war and tourism. Obviously they were not a tourist endeavour, they were religious sponsored war intertwined with elements of conquest and occupation and stimulated conflict in the Holy Lands for several centuries following; a contemporary issue explored in later chapters. The ultimate goal of the First Crusade (1096 to 1099) was to regain the ‘Holy Lands,’ recapturing Jerusalem for Christianity. Jerusalem is complicated. It is a holy city to the three major Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity and Islam, and, according to Cline (2005), it has been destroyed twice, besieged 23 times, attacked 52 times, and captured and then recaptured 44 times. Furthermore, it is still highly emotive today. With that in mind, we wish to be clear that, it is not the purpose of this chapter to debate the rights and wrongs of the crusades, nor the reasons for them, nor their intents, or even to investigate the history of tourism in Jerusalem, but to explore how the crusades contributed to the enabling of tourism