Minimum Race-Time Planning-Strategy for an Autonomous Electric Racecar

Increasing attention to autonomous passenger vehicles has also attracted interest in an autonomous racing series. Because of this, platforms such as Roborace and the Indy Autonomous Challenge are currently evolving. Electric racecars face the challenge of a limited amount of stored energy within their batteries. Furthermore, the thermodynamical influence of an all-electric powertrain on the race performance is crucial. Severe damage can occur to the powertrain components when thermally overstressed. In this work we present a race-time minimal control strategy deduced from an Optimal Control Problem (OCP) that is transcribed into a Nonlinear Problem (NLP). Its optimization variables stem from the driving dynamics as well as from a thermodynamical description of the electric powertrain. We deduce the necessary first-order Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE)s and form simplified loss models for the implementation within the numerical optimization. The significant influence of the powertrain behavior on the race strategy is shown.Comment: Accepted at The 23rd IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, September 20 - 23, 202

2,4,6-Trifluoro­benzoic acid

In the title compound, C7H3F3O2, the C—C—C angles in the ring are greater than 120° for F-bonded C atoms [123.69 (13), 123.88 (12) and 123.66 (12)°]. In the crystal, inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between carboxyl groups give rise to the formation of a centrosymmetric dimer, while dispersive F⋯O contacts [2.8849 (16) Å] connect the dimers into infinite strands along the a axis

Ethyl­triphenyl­phospho­nium bromide dihydrate

In the crystal structure of the title hydrated bromide salt, C20H20P+·Br−·2H2O, O—H⋯Br and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds as well as C—H⋯Br contacts connect the different components into a three-dimensional network. In the cation, the aromatic rings make dihedral angles of 55.24 (5), 76.16 (4) and 85.68 (4)°

Sodium p-toluenesulfinate tetra­hydrate

The title compound, Na+·C7H7O2S−·4H2O, is the hydrate of the sodium salt of para-toluene­sulfinic acid. The mol­ecular geometry around the sulfur atom is tetra­hedral with X–S–Y angles spanning a range of 102.23 (6)–110.04 (6)°. In the crystal, the water mol­ecules connect the sodium cations into chains along the b axis via O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. An inter­molecular O—H⋯π inter­action is also observed

Mini black holes at the LHC : discovery through di-jet suppression, mono-jet emission and a supersonic boom in the quark-gluon plasma in ALICE, ATLAS and CMS

We examine experimental signatures of TeV-mass black hole formation in heavy ion collisions at the LHC. We find that the black hole production results in a complete disappearance of all very high p_T (> 500 GeV) back-to-back correlated di-jets of total mass M > M_f ~ 1 TeV. We show that the subsequent Hawking-decay produces multiple hard mono-jets and discuss their detection. We study the possibility of cold black hole remnant (BHR) formation of mass ~ M_f and the experimental distinguishability of scenarios with BHRs and those with complete black hole decay. Finally we point out that a Heckler-Kapusta-Hawking plasma may form from the emitted mono-jets. In this context we present new simulation data of Mach shocks and of the evolution of initial conditions until the freeze-out

(E)-3-(2-Chloro­phen­yl)-1-(4,4′′-difluoro-5′-meth­oxy-1,1′:3′,1′′-terphenyl-4′-yl)prop-2-en-1-one

The title compound, C28H19ClF2O2, is a polysubstituted terphenyl derivative bearing a Michael system in which the C=C double bond has an E conformation. In the crystal, C—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯O contacts connect the mol­ecules into layers lying perpendicular to the a axis. The shortest inter­centroid distance between symmetry-related 4-fluoro­phenyl groups is 3.7547 (16) Å

Disentangling the Effects of Swiss Energy and Climate Policies

Switzerland is embarking on a new energy strategy by phasing out nuclear power, increasing renewables and energy efficiency as well as meeting its Kyoto target of the Second Commitment Period. We contribute to this new cruise by disentangling the effects of the Swiss economic policies to promote energy efficiency and the use of less CO2 intensive energy sources. Those policies encompass a CO2 levy, an emissions trading scheme (ETS), a renewable feed-in tariff as well as some national and international offsetting and target agreements. The policies target different sectors and are linked in various ways either by exchanging tradable units or by serving as exemption criteria. For example, companies can negotiate target agreements or participate in the Swiss ETS in order to be exempted from the CO2 levy. Given these interactions, those policies form a world-wide unique instrument-mix in combining a tax, emissions trading, voluntary agreements, subsidies and project-based mechanisms on a national and international level

The Different Stages of PRPD Pattern for Positive Point to Plane Corona Driven by a dc Voltage Containing a Ripple

The different phase resolved partial discharge patterns, which can be recognized when a positive dc voltage containing a ripple due to a half-wave rectification is used are presented in this paper. Results are given from corona onset to the appearance of breakdown streamers. The outcomes are five different patterns, which represent the four stages of positive corona and their transition zones. Three of them are clearly identifiable with respect to patterns from other discharge sources that have already been reported for dc voltages containing a ripple. For an assessment of pattern formation discharge pulses as recorded at the test object are presented. Finally, the appearance of patterns is explained with support of the measured discharge pulses and the underlying physical processes

The different stages of PRPD pattern for negative point to plane corona driven by a DC voltage containing a ripple

This paper presents the different patterns, which can be observed by means of a phase resolved partial discharge analysis, when a negative dc voltage is applied to a point to plane arrangement in air. The required phase relation is obtained due to the ripple being present on the dc voltage generated by a half-wave rectification. Phase resolved partial discharge patterns are given from corona onset to glow inception. Discharge pulses appearing at the test object are used to support physical explanations of the pattern occurrence. It is shown that five clearly identifiable patterns accompany the evolution of corona discharges when a dc voltage with a ripple is used. The uniqueness of the different patterns and the accompanied reduction in test effort for dc partial discharges is emphasized

Bis(2-hy­droxy­phen­yl)methanone

In the title compound, C13H10O3, a benzophenone derivative, the least-squares planes defined by the C atoms of the 2-hy­droxy­phenyl rings inter­sect at an angle of 45.49 (3)°. The substituents on the aromatic systems are both orientated towards the central O atom. Intra- as well as inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed, the latter giving rise to the formation of centrosymmetric dimers. The closest centroid–centroid distance between two π-systems is 3.7934 (7) Å