Assessing the Adequacy of the Rate Based System of Enteral Nutrition Infusion in the ICU of a Community Hospital

The rate based system for delivering enteral nutrition has been found to result in an average delivery of 60-65% of estimated energy and protein needs in ICU patients. Interruptions in tube feedings for surgery, intolerances, and turning/bathing cause underfeeding as the rate based system does not allow the rate to be adjusted for any lost volume. At Northwest Hospital, protocol is to calculate the hourly tube feeding rate over 20 hours, and run over 24 hours, in order to adjust for an expected 4 hours of interruptions per day; however, the effectiveness of this protocol has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the adequacy of this protocol in delivering \u3e80% of the prescribed energy and protein needs, as recommended by ASPEN, in order to determine if a volume based protocol, in which the hourly rate can be adjusted to make up for lost volume of tube feeding, may be more sufficient. This study was a prospective observational study involving 50 ICU patients on tube feeding for at least 24 hours. Kangaroo pumps were checked for all patients on tube feeding at 0700 each morning. Analysis was conducted using the SPSS software one sample t-test. Average tube feeding delivered (71.1±28.3) was less than the accepted average of 80%, a statistically significant difference of 8.9 (95% CI, 0.84 to 16.92; t(49) = -2.22, p= 0.031). Surgeries and high gastric residual volume were found to be the most common reasons for tube feeding interruptions

The effects of positive and negative mental rehearsal upon adolescent boy\u27s performance on mirror drawing

Forty-five adolescent males were divided into three groups of imagery ability based on Marks\u27 Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire. Within the groups of low, medium, and high ability each subject was randomly assigned to one of three mental rehearsal conditions: positive mental rehearsal, negative mental rehearsal or neutral mental rehearsal. Subjects were given the appropriate mental rehearsal instructions and then completed a mirror drawing task. A 3 x 3 (ability level x type of instructions) analysis of variance was performed on the number of errors and elapsed time for the mirror drawing task. Although specific hypotheses had been predicted no significant differences were found for the number of errors or elapsed time across ability level or type of mental rehearsal

Young Adults and Political Conversation: Engagement and Avoidance

Honors (Bachelor's)SociologyUniversity of Michiganhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/139646/1/njbetman.pd

Eficacia luminosa en Mendoza

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de mediciones de eficacia luminosa realizadas en Mendoza durante el período abril 2000 – marzo 2001. Los datos fueron analizados para distintos tipos de cielo y se utilizaron para validar en Mendoza los modelos de Perez. Los resultados de los modelos fueron comparados con los datos obtenidos. Los valores de los estadísticos de diferencia y dispersión así como la similitud de tendencias, indican que los modelos son aptos para aplicaciones en iluminación natural en la región. Como aplicación de los modelos se presenta el cálculo de las tres componentes de iluminancia exterior horizontal y se los compara con los valores medidos.This paper presents the results of luminous efficacy measurements made in Mendoza during the period April 2000 – March 2001. The data are analysed for different sky conditions and are used to validate in Mendoza the Perez luminous efficacy models. Data and models were compared. The trends are predicted well and statistics of the differences and variances make the models useful for daylighting applications at the site. The three components of horizontal illuminance were calculated using the model and comparisons with data are shown.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Eficacia luminosa en Mendoza

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de mediciones de eficacia luminosa realizadas en Mendoza durante el período abril 2000 – marzo 2001. Los datos fueron analizados para distintos tipos de cielo y se utilizaron para validar en Mendoza los modelos de Perez. Los resultados de los modelos fueron comparados con los datos obtenidos. Los valores de los estadísticos de diferencia y dispersión así como la similitud de tendencias, indican que los modelos son aptos para aplicaciones en iluminación natural en la región. Como aplicación de los modelos se presenta el cálculo de las tres componentes de iluminancia exterior horizontal y se los compara con los valores medidos.This paper presents the results of luminous efficacy measurements made in Mendoza during the period April 2000 – March 2001. The data are analysed for different sky conditions and are used to validate in Mendoza the Perez luminous efficacy models. Data and models were compared. The trends are predicted well and statistics of the differences and variances make the models useful for daylighting applications at the site. The three components of horizontal illuminance were calculated using the model and comparisons with data are shown.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Evaluation techniques for household water treatment projects: biosand filter pilot project in Lao PDR

Recently, many UN agencies have been promoting the household water treatment (HWT) as a viable way to begin meeting the needs of millions who lack access to safe water. This paper describes an approach that was used in a recent evaluation of a biosand filter (BSF) pilot project in a peri urban community located in Vientiane municipality, Lao PDR. Simple evaluation techniques such as household surveys, water quality testing, filter performance assessment and observations on safe water storage, source protection and sanitary conditions were used. These techniques captured user perceptions, water quality indicators, fulfilment of operating parameters, and filter effectiveness and acceptability. This approach can help project implementers and end users to understand project effectiveness and contribute to effective followup programs to overcome barriers to proper use of the filters and the handling of safe water

A willingness to pay for maintenance and operation of rural DWS schemes

Improved planning methodology is sought for sustainable and replicable rural water schemes. Improved methodology should have a mechanism to recover the necessary resources for operation and maintenance costs from water users. This paper analyses the differences between the users’ willingness to pay in rural markets and village DWS schemes of Nepal based on information collected through a questionnaire survey of 205 households and institutional survey of 12 DWS water user committees. Due to different socio-economic scenarios among rural villages and rural market centres, core problems in management and operation of their DWS schemes are immensely different. Weak institutional capability is the prime problem in rural village DWS schemes. On the contrary, technicalities such as insufficient water quantity and inconvenient locations of water points are the major problems in rural market centres. Moreover, users’ satisfaction level is influential for operation and maintenance of both rural DWS schemes

A study on scaling up latrine and human excreta management in rural communities of Afghanistan

The overall objective of the study was to identify the trends of scaling up latrine construction and excreta management in rural communities of Afghanistan. A total of 418 households were visited and interviewed and 30 focus group discussions were conducted. The study found that a total of 93.6% of the households had some form of a latrine, of which 47.5% of the latrines were improved and newly constructed since 2010 and only 42% the observed latrines were hygienic or safe. Ninety per cent of the interviewees said that all members of the family are using the latrine all the time. Seventy percent of latrine owners bury excreta nearby lands or yard for awhile and then use it as fertilizer. Trends of latrine scaling up were occurred more in IDPs and returnees settlements

Capacity building and training services in the WASH sector in Afghanistan

High mortality and morbidity rates are prevalent in Afghanistan and one of the causes being lack of access to safe drinking water, safe sanitation and adoption of good hygiene practices. Furthermore prospects for the support to the population are limited due to the low level of knowledge and capacity of those who normally should or could help. Danish Committee for Aid to Afghan Refugees (DACAAR) started capacity building services since 2005 and established a Water Expertise and Training Centre (WET Centre) in 2010 in partnership with a Canadian organization, Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST).DACAAR WET centre acts as a hub for data, information and research as well as a vehicle for training and technical support to government agencies, NGOs and the private sector to accelerate the knowledge management, networking and capacity building in WASH sector. As a result of WET Centre training workshops, seminars and consulting support provision to organizations, seven new organizations implemented WASH projects in Afghanistan in 2012 and ten in 2013

Estudios preliminares para evaluar la iluminación natural exterior en Mendoza: mediciones y modelizaciones

El presente trabajo corresponde a un estado de avance del programa que actualmente se está desarrollando en el Laboratorio de Ambiente Humano y Vivienda, CRICYT, Mendoza. El mismo tiene por objeto desarrollar modelos de eficacia luminosa, iluminación natural y radiación solar a partir de mediciones experimentales realizadas en nuestra Región. Se dará importancia no solo a la precisión de los modelos resultantes, sino también a que la expresión final de los mismos sea sencilla de manera que puedan ser aprovechados por un mayor número de usuarios.Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism