Extraction of bioactive compounds from Peruvian purple corn cob (Zea Mays L.) by dynamic high pressure

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of dynamic high pressure at different processing temperatures, on the extraction of bioactive compounds from Peruvian purple corn cob. The purple corn cobs were ground and sieved to then be mixed with an acidified 20% ethanol-water solution (pH 2) in a 1:30 (w/v) ratio. The hydroalcoholic extracts were subjected to maceration and high dynamic pressure processes varying temperature (25 °C to 60 °C) and pressure (0.01 MPa - 60 MPa), and the bioactive compounds content and antioxidant activity were evaluated. The results showed that dynamic high pressure at 60 MPa / 45 °C was capable of obtaining extracts with bioactive compound contents and high antioxidant activity corresponding to those obtained using the conventional process of 2.5 hours / 65 °C. Seven different anthocyanins were identified by liquid chromatography in the extracts obtained by the dynamic high pressure, mainly cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside, and their respective malonyl derivatives. The dynamic high pressure increased the extraction of anthocyanins by more than 108% and obtained them in one step, thus appearing as a new alternative, eco-friendly method for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant tissues

Identification and antioxidant activity of the extracts of eugenia uniflora leaves. Characterization of the anti-inflammatory properties of aqueous extract on diabetes expression in an experimental model of spontaneous type 1 diabetes (NOD mice)

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOMedical and folklore reports suggest that Eugenia uniflora (E. uniflora) is a functional food that contains numerous compounds in its composition, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects. In the present study, we investigated the best solvents (water, ethanol and methanol/acetone) for extracting bioactive compounds of E. uniflora leaves, assessing total phenols and the antioxidant activity of the extracts by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), 2,2'-Azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assays, identifying hydrolysable tannins and three phenolic compounds (ellagic acid, gallic acid and rutin) present in the leaves. In addition, we evaluated the incidence of diabetes, degree of insulitis, serum insulin, hepatic glutathione and tolerance test glucose in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Our results suggest that the aqueous extract presents antioxidant activity and high total phenols, which were used as a type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM-1) treatment in NOD mice. We verified that the chronic consumption of aqueous extract reduces the inflammatory infiltrate index in pancreatic islets, maintaining serum insulin levels and hepatic glutathione, and reducing serum lipid peroxidation as well as the risk for diabetes.Medical and folklore reports suggest that Eugenia uniflora (E. uniflora) is a functional food that contains numerous compounds in its composition, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects. In the present study, we investigated the best solvents (water, ethanol and methanol/acetone) for extracting bioactive compounds of E. uniflora leaves, assessing total phenols and the antioxidant activity of the extracts by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), 2,2′-Azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assays, identifying hydrolysable tannins and three phenolic compounds (ellagic acid, gallic acid and rutin) present in the leaves. In addition, we evaluated the incidence of diabetes, degree of insulitis, serum insulin, hepatic glutathione and tolerance test glucose in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Our results suggest that the aqueous extract presents antioxidant activity and high total phenols, which were used as a type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM-1) treatment in NOD mice. We verified that the chronic consumption of aqueous extract reduces the inflammatory infiltrate index in pancreatic islets, maintaining serum insulin levels and hepatic glutathione, and reducing serum lipid peroxidation as well as the risk for diabetes44662680FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO2011/06559-

Extraction of bioactive compounds from Peruvian purple corn cob by high isostatic pressure

The purple corn cob is an agro-industrial by-product that contains high-value bioactive compounds, which makes its use attractive for the development of extraction processes. The aim of this research was to extract the bioactive compounds from the purple corn cob by high isostatic pressure at different processing temperatures. Pressures of 0.01 MPa, 250 MPa, 450 MPa and 650 MPa for 3 minutes and at temperatures of 25 °C, 45 °C and 65 °C were used. High pressure extraction was compared with conventional extraction (2.5 h at 25°C). The purple corn cob extract obtained by isostatic processing at 650 MPa and 65 °C presented high antioxidant activity and content of bioactive compounds, unlike the conventional extraction of 2.5 h and 65 °C (p 0.05). Seven different anthocyanins were identified by liquid chromatography in the extracts obtained by high isostatic pressure (650 MPa at 65 °C) and hydroalcoholic maceration (2.5 h at 65 °C), mainly cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside, and their respective malonyl derivatives. The high isostatic pressure increased the extraction of bioactive compounds by more than 50% and obtained them in shorter times, thus appearing as a new alternative, and eco-friendly method for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant tissues

Evaluation of Passiflora edulis peel intake in prevention and treatment of TNBS induced ulcerative colitis

Orientador: Mário Roberto Maróstica JuniorTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de AlimentosResumo: A doença inflamatória intestinal (DII) édoença crônica recidivante que atinge milhões de pessoas no mundo, englobando a Doença de Crohn (DC) e a Retocolite Ulcerativa (RCU). A diferença entre as duas éa sua localização, sendo a RCU específica da região do cólon e reto. O tratamento atual para estas patologias é realizado a base de corticosteróides, imunomoduladores ou anti -TNF-a, conhecido como terapia biol ógica, os quais apresentam diversos efeitos colaterais ao paciente. A patogênese desta doença está relacionada com fatores gen éticos, imunol ógicos e ambientais. Acredita-se que o desequilíbrio da microbiota, assim como a ruptura na barreira natural exercida pela mucosa intestinal seja o primeiro passo para o desencadeamento da resposta inflamatória. As fibras alimentares apresentam função sobre a modulação da microbiota, sendo utilizada como substrato para a formação de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC), gerados por meio do processo de fermentação. Em adição, os compostos fenólicos presentes nos alimentos apresentam atividade antioxidante e anti -inflamatória que podem atuar na modulação do processo inflamatório. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a utilização de um subproduto da indústria de alimentos, a casca do maracujá, como fonte de fibras e compostos fenólicos, na alimentação de ratos com colite induzida por TNBS e sua influência no processo inflamatório. Ratos Wistar foram alimentados com dieta AIN-93, sendo substituídos 50% da celulose da dieta padrão (AIN) por fibras da casca do maracujá (PFF), em dois ensaios biológicos: prevenção e tratamento. O dano causado àmucosa foi avaliado macro e microscopicamente, assim como a expressão de marcadores inflamatórios. Avaliação da microbiota e formação de AGCC foram realizadas no conteúdo cecal. Embora a avaliação macroscópica da mucosa tenha apresentado um escore maior para o grupo PFF no ensaio prevenção, a avaliação microscópica em ambos os ensaios não mostrou diferença no dano àmucosa entre os grupos. O ensaio tratamento mostrou diminuição da peroxidação lipídica do cólon, diminuição na contagem de enterobactérias e aeróbios totais, assim como aumento de ácido acético e butírico nas fezes do grupo PFF. Jáno ensaio prevenção foi observada modulação dos lactobacilos e bifidobactérias. Com relação aos marcadores inflamatórios, foram observadas modulações significativas da expressão de IKK?, COX-2 e iNOS nos animais alimentados com a dieta PFF. Estes resultados sugerem que a casca do maracujá Passiflora edulis pode modular a microbiota aumentando a produção de AGCC, assim como a expressão de marcadores inflamatórios observados na colite induzida por TNBS. Desta forma, a casca do maracujá poderia ser utilizada como coadjuvante na terapêutica da DII como fonte de fibras e polifenóisAbstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing disease that affects millions of people worldwide, encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). UC is an inflammation specific to the region of the colon and rectum. Current treatments for these diseases are based on the use of corticosteroids, immunomodulators or biological therapy, which have various side effects to the patient. The pathogenesis of IBD is related to genetic, immunological and environmental factors. It is believed that the microbial imbalance as well as natural break in the barrier exerted by the intestinal mucosa is the first step in triggering the inflammatory response. Food dietary fiber presents capacity to modulate the microbiota and improve short chain fatty acids (SCFA) formation, by fermentation process. In addition, the phenolic compounds present in the food have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that can modulate the inflammatory process. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the use of a byproduct of the food industry, the passion fruit peel, as a source of fiber and phenolic compounds in the diet of rats with TNBS-induced colitis and its influence on the inflammatory process. Wistar rats were fed a modified AIN-93 (50% of cellulose was replaced by passion fruit peel PFF) to evaluate prevention and treatment of colitis induced by TNBS. The damage to the mucosa was evaluated macroscopically and microscopically, as well as the expression of inflammatory markers. Evaluation of the microbiota and formation of SCFA in cecal contents were performed. The macroscopic appearance of the mucosa damage in the group PFF was higher than AIN in prevention trial. However, the microscopic evaluation in both trials showed no difference in mucosal damage amongst the groups. Treatment trial showed that PFF could promote a decrease in lipid peroxidation of the colon, decrease in enterobacteria and total aerobics counts, as well as increase in acetic and butyric acid in the stool. On the other hand, the prevention trial showed that the ingredient could exert modulation on lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. The inflammatory markers showed significant modulation, mainly IKK?, COX-2 and iNOS in animals fed with PFF diet. These results suggest that the passion fruit peel, Passiflora edulis, can modulate the microbiota, increase the production of SCFA, and modulate the expression of inflammatory markers observed in TNBS-induced colitis. Passion fruit peel could be used in the treatment of IBD as a source of fiber and polyphenolsDoutoradoNutrição Experimental e de AlimentosDoutora em Alimentos e Nutriçã

Inulin/fructooligosaccharides/pectin-based structured systems: promising encapsulating matrices of polyphenols recovered from jabuticaba peel

This paper investigated the effects of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin with different degrees of polymerization (DP) on the rheological, physical, and microstructural properties of pectin-based structured systems and their performance as encapsulating matrices of polyphenols extracted from jabuticaba (Myrciaria jabuticaba (Vell.) Berg) peel. The pseudoplastic pectin-based systems presented a predominantly viscous behavior. The addition of FOS diminished their apparent viscosity and the consistency index. On the other hand, the increase of inulin DP increased them. The rheological characteristics and microstructure found in the pectin-based encapsulating systems with the addition of inulin with DP ≥ 23 (P + IN23) enable its use as a functional structuring food ingredient. The addition of inulin darkened the samples with the increase in DP, indicating better color retention in the pectin-based matrix with higher inulin DP. It also showed the highest values of chemical properties like bioactivity and encapsulation efficiency (EE) (85.7%), followed by the sample with the addition of inulin with DP ≥ 10 (P + IN10) (80.6%), and the sample with the addition of FOS (P + FOS) (77.9%). Pectin-based sample (P) had the lowest values and EE (75.5%). Therefore, the addition of inulin improved these parameters, and this improvement was gradual with the increase of DP. During the four weeks of stability evaluation, only P + IN10 and P + IN23 samples remained stable. In the last week evaluated, P + IN23 presented the highest percentage of relative oxygen radical absorbance capacity (94%), and the values decreased with the decrease of DP (P + IN10 = 76% and P + FOS = 61%). The P encapsulating matrix presented the second-highest percentage (82%). P and P + IN23 samples were efficient in protecting the jabuticaba peel extract. They exhibited good retention of the antioxidant capacity. Likewise, the inulin addition and its molecular chain size contributed to the binding reordering of the system.111CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP140942/2016-5 ; 301496/2019-6Sem informação2015/50333-1 ; 2015/13320-

Pressurized liquid extraction of bioactive compounds from grape marc

Extracts rich in monomeric anthocyanins (MAC) and total phenolic compounds (TPC) were obtained from grape marc by Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE). PLE was performed using ethanol and water mixtures (acidified or not) (50% w/w), pure ethanol and acidified water at temperatures from 40 to 100 °C. The best PLE conditions for MAC extraction (ethanol-water pH 2.0 [50% w/w]) resulted in 10.21 mg of malvidin-3-O-glucoside/g of dried grape marc (dr). Fifteen anthocyanins were identified and quantified in PLE extracts by UHPLC-UV-Vis. PLE with ethanol-water (50% w/w) as solvent at 100 °C achieved the highest TPC content (65.68 mg GAE/g dr) and antioxidant capacity by ORAC (772.11 μmol TE/g dr) and FRAP (1452 mg TE/g dr) among the evaluated conditions. Based on the results for extraction of monomeric anthocyanins and phenolics compounds, a sequential PLE process was performed and proved to be viable for the recovery of two different extract fractions240105113CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP13241/2016-2AUXPE-PROEX 087/20162015/11932-

Food science and its impact on a changing world

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Jaboticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba) peel extracts induce reticulum stress and apoptosis in breast cancer cells

Jaboticaba peel (Myrciaria jaboticaba) is a source of bioactive compounds. We investigated the anticancer activity of ethyl acetate extract (JE1) and hydroethanolic extract (JE2) of Jaboticaba peel against breast cancer. Both JE1 and JE2 inhibited clonogenic potential of MDA-MB-231 cells while JE1 was particularly effective in MCF7 cells. Anchorage-independent growth and cell viability was also inhibited by JE1 and JE2. In addition to growth inhibition, JE1 and JE2 could also inhibit migration and invasion of cells. Interestingly, JE1 and JE2 show selective inhibition towards certain breast cancer cells and biological processes. Mechanistic evaluations showed that JE1 induced PARP cleavage, BAX and BIP indicating apoptotic induction. An elevation of phosphorylated ERK was observed in MCF7 cells in response to JE1 and JE2 along with increased IRE-α and CHOP expression indicating increased endoplasmic stress. Therefore, Jaboticaba peel extracts could be potentially considered for further development for breast cancer inhibition