Absorbing Roots of Invasive Woody Plants Apparently Have a Thicker Cortex Parenchyma Compared to Native Species

Invasive plants are usually fast-growing species with a high rate of physiological processes. However, the relative growth rate has not been estimated for many invasive species, including Acer negundo L. (Sapindaceae) and Amelanchier spicata (Lam.) K. Koch (Rosaceae); this hampers the understanding of the reasons for the success of their invasion. The authors compared the absorbing roots of A. negundo and A. spicata with respect to mycorrhizal colonization with two native woody species of the same families, Acer platanoides L. and Sorbus aucuparia L. The samples were collected from several sites in the Central Urals and analysed using standard morphological and anatomical methods. The abundance of arbuscular mycorrhiza,dark septate endophytes and root hairs did not differ between the invasive and native species. Nevertheless, the roots of the invasive species were shown to have a thicker cortex parenchyma formed by larger cells. We suggest that this could contribute to invasion success, but a higher growth rate of the roots of invasive species has not yet been proven. Keywords: Acer negundo, Amelanchier spicata, invasive plants, absorbing roots, arbuscular mycorrhiza, root cortex, parenchyma &nbsp

Assessment of the Macro-and Microelement Composition of Fly Ash from 50-Year-Old Ash Dumps in the Middle Urals (Russia)

The paper considers the macro-and micro-element composition of two ash dumps in the Middle Urals, where meadow and forest communities have been spontaneously forming for 50 years, as well as the effect of the plants on the changing composition of the ash. Higher contents of Cu, Co, Sn, Ga, and Yb were found in the deep ash layers of both dumps, while in the upper 20-cm layer, the trace element composition depended on the influence of different plant communities. Higher contents of Sr, Cr, Ni, Sn, and Co were revealed under meadows, and Ba, Zr, and La were found under the forest. The levels of element accumulation in the aboveground and underground parts of dominant plants were revealed. Increased content of Be, Ce, Ga, La, Sc, Y, and Yb was detected in areas where meadow plants were dominant and Zn and Ba in forest areas. The toxic elements Cd and Pb were highly accumulated in both communities, whereas Co was found only in meadows. The studied materials can serve as a base to assess the feasibility of processing and/or utilizing fly ash from ash dumps in the Middle Urals and similar ash dumps in other regions situated in the southern taiga. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Funding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation [project number 121031700309-1 in ISSA SB RAS and project number FEUZ-2021-0014 in URFU]

Natural Forest Colonisation and Soil Formation on Ash Dump in Southern Taiga

Ash dumps occupy significant areas around the world and make a negative influence on the environment. This effect is decreased by their natural colonisation determined by the bioclimatic conditions of the area. The purpose of the current study was to identify the structure of the forest communities and the initial stages of soil formation on the ash dump in southern taiga. This study was carried out on three sites in the forest phytocoenosis formed in the process of revegetation of the Verkhniy Tagil Power Station ash dump over 50 years, as well as on two background forest sites in the Middle Urals. Complex geobotanical and soil studies were carried out. The results of the study show that forest phytocoenoses with a predominance of hardwood species (Betula pendula Roth and Populus tremula L.) and a small admixture of coniferous species can form on the non-recultivated ash dump within 50 years in a boreal zone. In total, the studied mixed forest phytocoenoses are similar in composition to zonal secondary forests, but differ by having lower height and diameter of the stand, as well as herb–shrub layer coverage. Their species density and floristic richness are also lesser. The study proved that the process of soil formation is also proceeding according to the zonal type in the ash substrate under forest communities. The results of the study can be applied to justifying the forecasts of ecosystem restoration on the technogenic substrate, as well as for the species selecting for their recultivation in the studied area and similar to it. © 2020 by the Committee on Forestry Sciences and Wood Technology of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Forest Research Institute in S´kocin Stary

Ecol1103004BetekhtinaLO.fm

Abstract-The prevalence of arbuscular mycorrhizas and abundance of mycorrhizal fungi in the roots of her baceous plants with different types of Grime-Ramenskii's ecological strategies (competitors, ruderals, and stress tolerators) have been studied in the Middle Urals. The closest association with arbuscular fungi has been observed in species with a competitive strategy. Compared to them, stress tolerant species are charac terized by lower abundance of mycorrhizal fungal hyphae in the root system, while ruderal plants include a relatively large proportion of nonmycotrophic species showing no interaction with arbuscular fungi

Marketing of restricted-access territory

В статье рассматриваются особенности маркетинга закрытых административно-территориальных образований, дано определение маркетинга территории и основные элементы маркетингового механизма управления развитием ЗАТО.In the article the marketing features of restricted-access territory are discussed, the definition of territorial marketing and the basic elements of marketing management mechanism of restricted-access territory development are given

Absorbing Roots of Invasive Woody Plants Apparently Have A Thicker Cortex Parenchyma Compared to Native Species

Invasive plants are usually Fast-growing species with a high rate of physiological processes. However, the relative growth rate has not been estimated for many invasive species, including Acer negundo L. (Sapindaceae) and Amelanchier spicata (Lam.) K. Koch (Rosaceae); this hampers the understanding of the reasons for the success of their invasion. The authors compared the absorbing roots of A. negundo and A. spicata with respect to mycorrhizal colonization with two native woody species of the same families, Acer platanoides L. and Sorbus aucuparia L. The samples were collected from several sites in the Central Urals and analysed using standard morphological and anatomical methods. The abundance of arbuscular mycorrhiza,dark septate endophytes and root hairs did not differ between the invasive and native species. Nevertheless, the roots of the invasive species were shown to have a thicker cortex parenchyma formed by larger cells. We suggest that this could contribute to invasion success, but a higher growth rate of the roots of invasive species has not yet been proven. Keywords: Acer negundo, Amelanchier spicata, invasive plants, absorbing roots, arbuscular mycorrhiza, root cortex, parenchyma &nbsp

Interaction with mycorrhizal fungi is a key factor of dicotyledon roots morpho genesis in moderate edaphic habitats?

The features of root systems and root structure of 28 herbaceous dicotyledon species (fam. Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Caryophyllaceae, Lamiaceae and Polygonaceae) in relation to their potential and actual mycorrhizal status, biomorphes and duration of ontogenesis were investigated. It is shown that the key bioecological characteristics that best explains the features of roots structure is actual mycorrhizal status, i.e. presence or absence of mycorrhiza in the species in a particular study. Ontogenesis characteristics (annual or perennial species) and biomorphological structure (with tap or rhizome) have less explanatory value in relation to the structure signs of roots of herbaceous dicots.Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (проект 15–04–07770)

THE FINE STRUCTURE ОF THE ABSORPTIVE ROOTS ОF NATIVE АND INVASIVE WOODY PLANTS

We compared the fine structure of the absorptive roots and mycorrhizal abundance between two invasive, Acer negundo and Amelanchier spicata, and two native, Acer platanoides and Sorbus aucuparia, woody plants belonging to the same family. The roots of invasive species were shown to be thicker: 304 ± 21 μm in diameter in Acer negundo vs 284 ± 15 μm in Acer platanoides and 273 ± 9 μm in Amelanchier spicata vs 241 ± 10 μmin Sorbus aucuparia. Mycorrhizal abundance, abundance of dark septate endophytes and root hairs did not differ between invasive and native species. Our findings only partly support the data obtained in previous studies.Работа выполнена при поддержке РФФИ № 15-04-07770