Nucleon-induced reactions at intermediate energies: New data at 96 MeV and theoretical status

Double-differential cross sections for light charged particle production (up to A=4) were measured in 96 MeV neutron-induced reactions, at TSL laboratory cyclotron in Uppsala (Sweden). Measurements for three targets, Fe, Pb, and U, were performed using two independent devices, SCANDAL and MEDLEY. The data were recorded with low energy thresholds and for a wide angular range (20-160 degrees). The normalization procedure used to extract the cross sections is based on the np elastic scattering reaction that we measured and for which we present experimental results. A good control of the systematic uncertainties affecting the results is achieved. Calculations using the exciton model are reported. Two different theoretical approches proposed to improve its predictive power regarding the complex particle emission are tested. The capabilities of each approach is illustrated by comparison with the 96 MeV data that we measured, and with other experimental results available in the literature.Comment: 21 pages, 28 figure

Endurance training does not alter the level of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in human skeletal muscle.

alter the level of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 89: 1033–1038, 2000.—The effect of endurance training on neuronal nitric oxide syn-thase (nNOS) content and distribution in muscle was inves-tigated. Seven male subjects performed 6 wk of one-legged knee-extensor endurance training (protocol A). Muscle biop-sies, obtained from vastus lateralis muscle in the untrained and the trained leg, were analyzed for nNOS protein and activity as well as immunohistochemical distribution of nNOS and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Muscle biopsies were also obtained from another seven male subjects before and after 6 wk of training by endurance running (protocol B) and analyzed for nNOS protein. No difference was found in the amount of nNOS protein in the untrained and the trained muscle either with protocol A or protocol

PHOTONS IN THE PROTON-INDUCED REACTION WITH IN AT E(P)=50-MEV

Photon emission in proton-induced reactions at 50 MeV with In-115 was studied. Analyses of the measured photon spectrum show that the GDR couples to the compound states as well as to pre-equilibrium states. The centroid and width of the GDR strength function were determined as E(GDR) = 15.4 +/- 0.7 MeV and GAMMA(GDR) = 6.2 +/- 0.5 MeV. From the measured gamma-ray yield above E(gamma) = 30 MeV, a value of (7.1 +/- 1.4) x 10(-5) for the hard-photon emission probability per single proton-neutron collision is inferred

IAEA coordinated research programme: nuclear data for the production of therapeutic radionuclides

The need for radioisotopes in cancer therapy is very well established. With a view to providing standardised data for the production of relevant radioisotopes an IAEA Coordinated Research Project on ``Nuclear Data for the Production of Therapeutic Radionuclides'' was started in 2003, and is now close to completion. Experimental data compilations, theoretical calculations and evaluations were carried out for each of the reactions. The recommendations for both established and emerging radionuclides are discussed. Examples of the analyses carried out to produce the recommended data for some radionuclides are also presented. The improved quality of the nuclear data will make reactor and accelerator production of therapeutic radionuclides much more efficient and effective, and should also enhance their quality through improved purity

Exercise-induced hyperaemia and leg oxygen uptake are not altered during effective inhibition of nitric oxide synthase with NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester in humans

In the present study the highly potent nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) was intravenously infused and examined for its efficacy in inhibiting NOS activity and in altering blood flow and oxygen uptake in human skeletal muscle.The plasma concentrations of l-NAME and its active metabolite NG-nitro-l-arginine (l-NA), and the activity of NOS in skeletal muscle were measured in healthy male subjects (n = 6) before (control) and after 60 min of intravenous infusion of l-NAME (4 mg kg−1). In another group of healthy males (n = 8), the physiological effects of l-NAME were studied at rest, and during submaximal and exhaustive knee extensor exercise before (control) and 30 min after l-NAME infusion (4 mg kg−1).The plasma concentrations of l-NAME and l-NA were highest (8.4 ± 1.6 and 8.3 ± 0.8 μmol l−1) after 60 min of l-NAME infusion. Ninety minutes later mainly l-NA remained in plasma (5.1 ± 0.4 μmol l−1). Thirty minutes after l-NAME infusion, the muscle l-NA content was 38 ± 4 μmol (kg dry wt)−1 and muscle NOS activity was reduced by 67 ± 8 % (P < 0.05).Leg blood flow and leg oxygen uptake during submaximal and exhaustive exercise were similar (P > 0.05) following l-NAME infusion and in control. Blood flow during recovery was lower in the l-NAME condition (P < 0.05).In conclusion, the present study shows for the first time that systemic infusion of l-NAME in humans causes a marked reduction in skeletal muscle NOS activity. Despite this attenuated NOS activity, exercise-induced hyperaemia and oxygen uptake were unaltered. Thus, the data strongly suggest that NO is not essential for the regulation of blood flow or oxygen uptake in contracting human skeletal muscle