The impact of normative models on the social representation of the moped among adolescents : transgression as an integrating vector

Ces travaux de recherche s’inscrivent dans le cadre de la théorie des représentations sociales. Il s’agit de mettre à jour la représentation du cyclomoteur chez les adolescents, ainsi que les modèles normatifs de références qui l’influencent, afin de mieux comprendre ce qui sous-tend les pratiques des jeunes usagers. En nous inspirant des travaux considérant la représentation sociale comme un système normatif, nous avons testé auprès d’un groupe d’adolescents conducteurs de scooter, l’influence de deux modèles normatifs; celui des parents et celui des pairs. Dans cette optique nous avons utilisé un questionnaire des choix alternatifs avec lequel nous avons testé plusieurs types de consignes de substitution. Il apparaît au fil de nos travaux que la représentation du cyclomoteur chez les adolescents est organisée autour de valeurs de groupe, et de transgressions valorisées par les pairs. Le cyclomoteur est perçu comme un outil d’émancipation vis à vis des parents et d’intégration au groupe à travers des usages ludiques plutôt que comme un moyen de transport au premier degré. Nous avons adapté des outils qui nous ont permis de montrer que les pairs constituaient le groupe d’ancrage normatif des jeunes mais que les parents impactaient la représentation sur des points précis et jugés comme non conditionnels. Les deux pôles normatifs apparaissent indissociables incitant les jeunes à sans cesse trouver des compromis entre eux au moyen d’une « négociation normative » (Gaymard 2003). La difficulté pour les jeunes réside dans l’équilibre à trouver au cours de cette négociation normative, certains principes non-négociables pour les parents allant à l’encontre d’éléments importants pour les pairs. Si la transgression, valorisée par les jeunes, apparaît comme le « billet d’entrée » dans le groupe, elle fait néanmoins l’objet d’une modulation selon ses formes et thématiques.This research fits into the framework of the theory of social representations. The aim is to seek adolescents’ representation of the moped, as well as the normative models that influence it, in order to better understand what underlies young users’ practices. Drawing inspiration from works on social representation as a normative system we tested the influence of two normative models with a group of young moped riders, the models of parents and peers. To do so, we used an alternative choice questionnaire with which we tested several types of substitution instructions. It appears from our work that the representation of the moped among adolescents is organized around group values and transgression valued by peers. The moped is perceived as a tool of emancipation from parents and of group integration through fun practices rather than a basic means of transportation. We adapted a tool that allowed us to show that peers are the normative anchoring group of young people but that parents influence the representation on specific and unconditional points. Both normative poles appear inseparable leading teenagers to reach compromises between them thanks to “normative negotiation” (Gaymard, 2003). The difficulty for young people lies in finding a balance during this “normative negotiation” because some of the non-negotiable principles for parents remain important elements for peers. If the transgression valued by the adolescents appears as the “entry ticket” into the group, it is nevertheless subject to modulation according to its shapes and themes

L’impact des modèles normatifs sur la représentation sociale du cyclomoteur chez les adolescents : la transgression comme vecteur d’intégration

This research fits into the framework of the theory of social representations. The aim is to seek adolescents’ representation of the moped, as well as the normative models that influence it, in order to better understand what underlies young users’ practices. Drawing inspiration from works on social representation as a normative system we tested the influence of two normative models with a group of young moped riders, the models of parents and peers. To do so, we used an alternative choice questionnaire with which we tested several types of substitution instructions. It appears from our work that the representation of the moped among adolescents is organized around group values and transgression valued by peers. The moped is perceived as a tool of emancipation from parents and of group integration through fun practices rather than a basic means of transportation. We adapted a tool that allowed us to show that peers are the normative anchoring group of young people but that parents influence the representation on specific and unconditional points. Both normative poles appear inseparable leading teenagers to reach compromises between them thanks to “normative negotiation” (Gaymard, 2003). The difficulty for young people lies in finding a balance during this “normative negotiation” because some of the non-negotiable principles for parents remain important elements for peers. If the transgression valued by the adolescents appears as the “entry ticket” into the group, it is nevertheless subject to modulation according to its shapes and themes.Ces travaux de recherche s’inscrivent dans le cadre de la théorie des représentations sociales. Il s’agit de mettre à jour la représentation du cyclomoteur chez les adolescents, ainsi que les modèles normatifs de références qui l’influencent, afin de mieux comprendre ce qui sous-tend les pratiques des jeunes usagers. En nous inspirant des travaux considérant la représentation sociale comme un système normatif, nous avons testé auprès d’un groupe d’adolescents conducteurs de scooter, l’influence de deux modèles normatifs; celui des parents et celui des pairs. Dans cette optique nous avons utilisé un questionnaire des choix alternatifs avec lequel nous avons testé plusieurs types de consignes de substitution. Il apparaît au fil de nos travaux que la représentation du cyclomoteur chez les adolescents est organisée autour de valeurs de groupe, et de transgressions valorisées par les pairs. Le cyclomoteur est perçu comme un outil d’émancipation vis à vis des parents et d’intégration au groupe à travers des usages ludiques plutôt que comme un moyen de transport au premier degré. Nous avons adapté des outils qui nous ont permis de montrer que les pairs constituaient le groupe d’ancrage normatif des jeunes mais que les parents impactaient la représentation sur des points précis et jugés comme non conditionnels. Les deux pôles normatifs apparaissent indissociables incitant les jeunes à sans cesse trouver des compromis entre eux au moyen d’une « négociation normative » (Gaymard 2003). La difficulté pour les jeunes réside dans l’équilibre à trouver au cours de cette négociation normative, certains principes non-négociables pour les parents allant à l’encontre d’éléments importants pour les pairs. Si la transgression, valorisée par les jeunes, apparaît comme le « billet d’entrée » dans le groupe, elle fait néanmoins l’objet d’une modulation selon ses formes et thématiques

Representations and normative reference models in adolescent moped riders

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Sphères publiques et représentations sociales du vaccin : analyse chez les pro-vaccins vs anti-vaccins: Analyse chez les pro-vaccins et les anti-vaccins

International audienceThe medical bodies promoting vaccination and raising global awareness of its benefits still have a lot of work to do. To understand the situation, the authors conducted a psychology study on the social representation of vaccination in France using a three-part, mixed methodology survey. The survey was posted on Facebook from March to June 2019, specifically on group pages for people who identify as anti-vaxxers and group pages for people who identify as “neutral”.Le combat mené par les instances médicales afin de promouvoir la vaccination et de sensibiliser la population mondiale à ses bienfaits est loin d’être gagné. Afin de mieux comprendre cette situation, les auteurs ont mené une étude en psychologie sur la représentation sociale du vaccin en France à l’aide d’un questionnaire basé sur une méthodologie mixte et composé de trois parties. Le questionnaire a été publié sur le réseau social Facebook de mars à juin 2019, plus particulièrement sur le site des groupes de personnes se déclarant comme « anti-vaccins » et sur le site des groupes dits « neutres »

Synthesis, Self‐Assembly, and Nucleic Acid Recognition of an Acylhydrazone‐Conjugated Cationic Tetraphenylethene Ligand

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FRIPON: a worldwide network to track incoming meteoroids

(IF 5.80; Q1)International audienceContext. Until recently, camera networks designed for monitoring fireballs worldwide were not fully automated, implying that in case of a meteorite fall, the recovery campaign was rarely immediate. This was an important limiting factor as the most fragile-hence precious-meteorites must be recovered rapidly to avoid their alteration. Aims. The Fireball Recovery and InterPlanetary Observation Network (FRIPON) scientific project was designed to overcome this limitation. This network comprises a fully automated camera and radio network deployed over a significant fraction of western Europe and a small fraction of Canada. As of today, it consists of 150 cameras and 25 European radio receivers and covers an area of about 1.5 × 10 6 km 2. Methods. The FRIPON network, fully operational since 2018, has been monitoring meteoroid entries since 2016, thereby allowing the characterization of their dynamical and physical properties. In addition, the level of automation of the network makes it possible to trigger a meteorite recovery campaign only a few hours after it reaches the surface of the Earth. Recovery campaigns are only organized for meteorites with final masses estimated of at least 500 g, which is about one event per year in France. No recovery campaign is organized in the case of smaller final masses on the order of 50 to 100 g, which happens about three times a year; instead, the information is delivered to the local media so that it can reach the inhabitants living in the vicinity of the fall. Results. Nearly 4000 meteoroids have been detected so far and characterized by FRIPON. The distribution of their orbits appears to be bimodal, with a cometary population and a main belt population. Sporadic meteors amount to about 55% of all meteors. A first estimate of the absolute meteoroid flux (mag <-5; meteoroid size ≥∼1 cm) amounts to 1250/yr/10 6 km 2. This value is compatible with previous estimates. Finally, the first meteorite was recovered in Italy (Cavezzo, January 2020) thanks to the PRISMA network, a component of the FRIPON science project

FRIPON: A worldwide network to track incoming meteoroids

Context. Until recently, camera networks designed for monitoring fireballs worldwide were not fully automated, implying that in case of a meteorite fall, the recovery campaign was rarely immediate. This was an important limiting factor as the most fragile - hence precious - meteorites must be recovered rapidly to avoid their alteration. Aims. The Fireball Recovery and InterPlanetary Observation Network (FRIPON) scientific project was designed to overcome this limitation. This network comprises a fully automated camera and radio network deployed over a significant fraction of western Europe and a small fraction of Canada. As of today, it consists of 150 cameras and 25 European radio receivers and covers an area of about 1.5 × 106km2. Methods. The FRIPON network, fully operational since 2018, has been monitoring meteoroid entries since 2016, thereby allowing the characterization of their dynamical and physical properties. In addition, the level of automation of the network makes it possible to trigger a meteorite recovery campaign only a few hours after it reaches the surface of the Earth. Recovery campaigns are only organized for meteorites with final masses estimated of at least 500 g, which is about one event per year in France. No recovery campaign is organized in the case of smaller final masses on the order of 50 to 100 g, which happens about three times a year; instead, the information is delivered to the local media so that it can reach the inhabitants living in the vicinity of the fall. Results. Nearly 4000 meteoroids have been detected so far and characterized by FRIPON. The distribution of their orbits appears to be bimodal, with a cometary population and a main belt population. Sporadic meteors amount to about 55% of all meteors. A first estimate of the absolute meteoroid flux (mag &lt; -5; meteoroid size ≥∼1 cm) amounts to 1250/yr/106km2. This value is compatible with previous estimates. Finally, the first meteorite was recovered in Italy (Cavezzo, January 2020) thanks to the PRISMA network, a component of the FRIPON science project