Validation of Non-destructive Methodology of Grapevine Leaf Area Estimation on cv. Blaufränkisch (Vitis vinifera L.)

This paper evaluates the application of a statistical model to estimate leaf surface area in grapevines, expressed asleaf area of an individual leaf as well as total leaf area per shoot, including any lateral shoots. Estimating the area ofan individual leaf was based on a formula obtained by regression analysis that uses the sum of length of two inferiorleaf veins as an independent variable. To estimate the leaf area per main shoot and per lateral shoot we used themodel derived from multiple regression analysis that has the following independent variables: the number of leaves,and surface area of the largest and of the smallest leaf on the shoot. High values of the coefficient of determination(r2), as well as satisfactory levels of mean absolute error (MAE), suggest that the applied models appear valid. Theseresults have shown a good fit of observed and predicted values of shoot and lateral leaf areas

PRODUCTIVE AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TABLE VARIETIES GROWE IN THE CONDITIONS OF OPLENAC VINEYARDS

Investigations were carried out in vineyard of King Petar I Karadjordjevic Foundation of at Oplenac. In experiment were tested four table grapes varieties: Black Magic, Victoria, Michel palieri and Muscat Hamburg. Training system is characterized with height of 90 cm on which Guyot pruning is used. In research is studied vegetative potential, fertility, mechanical composition of grape and berries and sugar content and acidity. In red varieties is determined anthocyanins concentration. Michel palieri was with the largest vegetative potential expressed through shoot mass (0,590 kg/vine). The highest values of fertility parameters (number productive shoots, number of inflorescences on spur and arc, coefficients of fertility) had a variety Muscat Hamburg. The highest sugar content was determined in Muscat Hamburg must, a total acid in Victoria variety must. According to anthocyanins Mikele palieri content variety is dissociate (0.179 mg/g fresh weight)

EFFECT OF BACTERIAL FERTILIZER ON GROWTH, YIELD AND GRAPE QUALITY OF POTTED CABERNET SAUVIGNON (VITIS VINIFERA L.)

In these studies, one commercial bacterial fertilizer - BactoFil B10 was used during the first and second growing seasons of the potted vines. The influence of the fertilization was investigated on the vine growth – total leaf area, shoot diameter, dormant pruning weight and fresh root weight. The most expressed effect of Bactofil application was in the first vegetation with increases of the total leaf area of 9%, shoot length of 6% and shoot pruning weight of 14.6%, in comparison to the control. At the end of the second vegetation, plants were removed from the pots and the fresh root weight was measured. It was found that applied treatment was not influenced on the variations of the average root weight. The first grapes were obtained in the second vegetation, and treatment with BactoFil was not influenced on the differences in the yield, grape and berry weight. Also, treatment was not influenced on the must quality which was expressed over the dry matter content and total acid content

A new method for the quantification of ambient particulate-matter emission fluxes

An inversion method has been developed in order to quantify the emission fluxes of certain aerosol pollution sources across a wide region in the Northern Hemisphere, mainly in Europe and western Asia. The data employed are the aerosol contribution factors deducted by positive matrix factorization (PMF) on a PM2.5 chemical composition dataset from 16 European and Asian cities for the period 2014 to 2016. The spatial resolution of the method corresponds to the geographic grid cell size of the Lagrangian particle dispersion model (Flexible Particle Dispersion Model, FLEXPART, 1∘ × 1∘) which was utilized for the air mass backward simulations. The area covered is also related to the location of the 16 cities under study. Species with an aerodynamic geometric mean diameter of 400 nm and 3.1 µm and a geometric standard deviation of 1.6 and 2.25, respectively, were used to model the secondary sulfate and dust aerosol transport. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis and generalized Tikhonov regularization were applied so as to acquire potential source areas and quantify their emission fluxes. A significant source area for secondary sulfate on the east of the Caspian Sea is indicated, when data from all stations are used. The maximum emission flux in that area is as high as 10 × 10−12 kg m−2 s−1. When Vilnius, Dushanbe, and Kurchatov data were excluded, the areas with the highest emission fluxes were the western and central Balkans and southern Poland. The results display many similarities to the SO2 emission maps provided by the OMI-HTAP (Ozone Monitoring Instrument-Hemispheric Transport Air Pollution) and ECLIPSE (Evaluating the Climate and Air Quality Impacts of Short-Lived Pollutants) databases. For dust aerosol, measurements from Athens, Belgrade, Debrecen, Lisbon, Tirana, and Zagreb are utilized. The west Sahara region is indicated as the most important source area, and its contribution is quantified, with a maximum of 17.6 × 10−12 kg m−2 s−1. When we apply the emission fluxes from every geographic grid cell (1∘ × 1∘) for secondary sulfate aerosol deducted with the new method to air masses originating from Vilnius, a useful approximation to the measured values is achieved.</p

Vineyard microclimate and yield under different plastic covers.

The use of plastic cover in vineyards minimizes effects of adverse weather conditions. The northwest of São Paulo State is one of the largest grape producing regions in Brazil; however, few studies investigate the effects of different plastic covers on vineyards in this region. This study compared the effect of black shading screen (BSS) and braided polypropylene film (BPF) on BRS Morena vineyard microclimate, grown on an overhead trellis system in the northwestern São Paulo. The experiments were carried out during three growing seasons (2012 ? 2014). BSS allowed superior incoming solar radiation (SR) transmissivity, resulting in higher net radiation (Rn), and higher ratio between photosynthetically active (PAR) and SR. No differences were observed between the average air temperatures (T) and relative humidity (RH) of covered environments (BPF and BSS) and outside condition (automatic weather station ? AWS), due to high air circulation, despite wind speed (WS) reduction caused by plastic covers. BPF provided better conditions for vineyard growth with higher fruit yield than vineyard under BSS regarding the number of shoots with bunches per plant, bunch and stem weights, longitudinal diameter of berries, quantity of fertile buds per shoot, and yield per shoot and per plant. BPF covers also influenced leaf size and growth speed of plants in vineyards. Keywords Black shading screen . Braided polypropylene film . BRS Morena . Leaf wetness duration . Yiel

Results of the first European Source Apportionment intercomparison for Receptor and Chemical Transport Models, EUR 29254 EN

In this study, the performance of the source apportionment model applications were evaluated by comparing the model results provided by 44 participants adopting a methodology based on performance indicators: z-scores and RMSEu, with pre-established acceptability criteria. Involving models based on completely different and independent input data, such as receptor models (RMs) and chemical transport models (CTMs), provided a unique opportunity to cross-validate them. In addition, comparing the modelled source chemical profiles, with those measured directly at the source contributed to corroborate the chemical profile of the tested model results. The most used RM was EPA- PMF5. RMs showed very good performance for the overall dataset (91% of z-scores accepted) and more difficulties are observed with SCE time series (72% of RMSEu accepted). Industry resulted the most problematic source for RMs due to the high variability among participants. Also the results obtained with CTMs were quite comparable to their ensemble reference using all models for the overall average (>92% of successful z-scores) while the comparability of the time series is more problematic (between 58% and 77% of the candidates\u2019 RMSEu are accepted). In the CTM models a gap was observed between the sum of source contributions and the gravimetric PM10 mass likely due to PM underestimation in the base case. Interestingly, when only the tagged species CTM results were used in the reference, the differences between the two CTM approaches (brute force and tagged species) were evident. In this case the percentage of candidates passing the z-score and RMSEu tests were only 50% and 86%, respectively. CTMs showed good comparability with RMs for the overall dataset (83% of the z-scores accepted), more differences were observed when dealing with the time series of the single source categories. In this case the share of successful RMSEu was in the range 25% - 34%