Photographic assessment of nasal morphology following rapid maxillary expansion in children

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to use facial analysis to determine the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on nasal morphology in children in the stages of primary and mixed dentition, with posterior cross-bite. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Facial photographs (front view and profile) of 60 patients in the pre-expansion period, immediate post-expansion period and one year following rapid maxillary expansion with a Haas appliance were evaluated on 2 occasions by 3 experienced orthodontists independently, with a 2-week interval between evaluations. The examiners were instructed to assess nasal morphology and had no knowledge regarding the content of the study. Intraexaminer and interexaminer agreement (assessed using the Kappa statistic) was acceptable. RESULTS: From the analysis of the mode of the examiners' findings, no alterations in nasal morphology occurred regarding the following aspects: dorsum of nose, alar base, nasal width of middle third and nasal base. Alterations were only detected in the nasolabial angle in 1.64% of the patients between the pre-expansion and immediate post-expansion photographs. In 4.92% of the patients between the immediate post-expansion period and 1 year following expansion; and in 6.56% of the patients between the pre-expansion period and one year following expansion. CONCLUSIONS: RME performed on children in stages of primary and mixed dentition did not have any impact on nasal morphology, as assessed using facial analysis

Photographic assessment of nasal morphology following rapid maxillary expansion in children

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to use facial analysis to determine the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on nasal morphology in children in the stages of primary and mixed dentition, with posterior cross-bite. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Facial photographs (front view and profile) of 60 patients in the pre-expansion period, immediate post-expansion period and one year following rapid maxillary expansion with a Haas appliance were evaluated on 2 occasions by 3 experienced orthodontists independently, with a 2-week interval between evaluations. The examiners were instructed to assess nasal morphology and had no knowledge regarding the content of the study. Intraexaminer and interexaminer agreement (assessed using the Kappa statistic) was acceptable. RESULTS: From the analysis of the mode of the examiners' findings, no alterations in nasal morphology occurred regarding the following aspects: dorsum of nose, alar base, nasal width of middle third and nasal base. Alterations were only detected in the nasolabial angle in 1.64% of the patients between the pre-expansion and immediate post-expansion photographs. In 4.92% of the patients between the immediate post-expansion period and 1 year following expansion; and in 6.56% of the patients between the pre-expansion period and one year following expansion. CONCLUSIONS: RME performed on children in stages of primary and mixed dentition did not have any impact on nasal morphology, as assessed using facial analysis

APARELHO PÊNDULO: INSTALAÇÃO, UTILIZAÇÃO E ATIVAÇÃO.

O aparelho pêndulo foi desenvolvido por Hilgers em 1992 (HILGERS, 1992) e desde então vem sendo utilizado por vários  ortodontistas que desejam tratar pacientes com relação molar de Classe II distalizando molares. Essa preferência dá-se por algumas características que facilitam sua utilização, como a boa aceitação por parte dos pacientes, que muitas vezes relutam pela instalação de outros dispositivos distalizadores, por ser um aparelho de instalação relativamente simples, ter baixo custo, (LEIROS, 2004) por não depender da colaboração do paciente (FUZIY, 2001; GHOSH, 1996; BILOFF, 1997; WONG, 1999) e por oferecer clinicamente bons resultados. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar e exemplificar por meio da apresentação de um caso clínico a instalação, utilização e ativação do aparelho pêndulo. O caso clínico apresentado é de um paciente leucoderma, 18 anos, gênero masculino que apresenta má oclusão classe II. Depois de realizada a anamnese, o diagnóstico e plano de tratamento, optou-se pela instalação do aparelho pêndulo que foi utilizado ativamente por 8 meses até a obtenção da relação molar de classe I e por 4 meses como contenção. Concluiu-se que o aparelho pêndulo quando bem indicado e utilizado é um dispositivo muito eficiente para a distalização de molares.

Dental age as indicator of adolescence

AIM: The purpose of the present study was to analyze the relationship between root formation of the first premolars and skeletal maturation stages identified in hand-wrist radiographs. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving the panoramic and hand-wrist radiographs obtained on the same date of 232 patients, 123 boys and 109 girls aged 4 years and 5 months to 17 years and 12 months. Root formation stages of the first premolars were related to the ossification stages of the sesamoid bone, epiphyseal stages of the phalanx of the thumb and epiphyseal stages of the radius. RESULTS: The studied variables demonstrated statistically significant correlations. CONCLUSION: Roots of the lower first premolars do not reach 2/3 of their complete length before adolescence

Ocorrência de reabsorção radicular no tratamento ortodôntico: revisão crítica da literatura

The root resorption is one of the possible sequels of greater complexity to the orthodontist, the difficulty of detection and be asymptomatic. The presence, during the orthodontic treatment, is linked to a multifactorial origin, a complex combination of biological activities, anatomical, physiological, genetic variables and mechanical forces. Thus, the aim of this study was perform to critical literature review related to root resorption in orthodontic movement. Were included articles published between 2004 to 2014, indexed in the PUBMED database. Used descriptors contained in the Mesh, being adopted as inclusion criteria: clinical trials in humans, only articles that had clear ideas and objective, articles with English language. The search strategy used resulted in 24 articles and after applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 articles remained. Based on the results of this study it was concluded that heavy forces of intrusion, inclination and torque leads to a greater degree of root resorption; its etiology is multifactorial, the periodic radiographic control during treatment is needed and further studies are suggested to identify more specifically the causes and risk factors for root resorption.A reabsorção radicular é uma das possíveis sequelas de maior complexidade para o ortodontista, pela dificuldade de detecção e por ser assintomática. Sua presença está ligada a uma origem multifatorial, uma complexa combinação das atividades biológicas, variáveis anatômicas, fisiológicas, genéticas e as forças mecânicas. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão crítica da literatura referente à reabsorção radicular frente à movimentação ortodôntica. Foram incluídos artigos publicados entre 2004 a 2014, indexados na base de dados PUBMED. Os descritores utilizados continham no DeCs, sendo adotados como critérios de inclusão: ensaios clínicos em humanos, apenas artigos que apresentavam ideias claras e objetivas, artigos que apresentavam idioma Inglês. A estratégia de busca utilizada resultou em 24 artigos e depois de aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, restaram 11 artigos, com base nos resultados, concluiu-se que forças pesadas, de intrusão, inclinação e torque levam a um maior grau de reabsorção radicular; sua etiologia é multifatorial, o controle radiográfico periódico durante o tratamento é necessário e mais estudos são sugeridos para identificar mais especificamente as causas e os fatores de risco para a reabsorção radicular

Características cefalométricas do Padrão Face Longa: considerando o dimorfismo sexual

OBJETIVO: o presente estudo avaliou a hipótese de variação das características cefalométricas de acordo com o gênero para portadores de Padrão Face Longa. METODOLOGIA: foi analisado um total de 73 telerradiografias em norma lateral, sendo 34 Padrão Face Longa e 39 Padrão I (grupo controle), selecionadas com base na morfologia facial, sem considerar as relações oclusais. Foram avaliados: padrão de crescimento facial, alturas faciais anteriores e posterior, relação maxilomandibular, além das relações dentárias com suas bases apicais. RESULTADOS: o grupo controle (Padrão I) apresentou dimorfismo (p0,05), exceto os comprimentos efetivos da maxila e da mandíbula, além da altura facial anterior inferior e posterior (p0.05), except the effective length of maxilla and mandible, lower anterior and posterior facial heights (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that sexual dimorphism was evident in Class I Pattern subjects due to the skeletal size differences. However, in Long Face Pattern subjects, similarity was observed between genders, showing that the skeletal deformity was more severe in female subjects, enough to achieve skeletal size comparable to those of male subjects