The trans-ancestral genomic architecture of glycemic traits

Glycemic traits are used to diagnose and monitor type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic health. To date, most genetic studies of glycemic traits have focused on individuals of European ancestry. Here we aggregated genome-wide association studies comprising up to 281,416 individuals without diabetes (30% non-European ancestry) for whom fasting glucose, 2-h glucose after an oral glucose challenge, glycated hemoglobin and fasting insulin data were available. Trans-ancestry and single-ancestry meta-analyses identified 242 loci (99 novel; P < 5 x 10(-8)), 80% of which had no significant evidence of between-ancestry heterogeneity. Analyses restricted to individuals of European ancestry with equivalent sample size would have led to 24 fewer new loci. Compared with single-ancestry analyses, equivalent-sized trans-ancestry fine-mapping reduced the number of estimated variants in 99% credible sets by a median of 37.5%. Genomic-feature, gene-expression and gene-set analyses revealed distinct biological signatures for each trait, highlighting different underlying biological pathways. Our results increase our understanding of diabetes pathophysiology by using trans-ancestry studies for improved power and resolution.A trans-ancestry meta-analysis of GWAS of glycemic traits in up to 281,416 individuals identifies 99 novel loci, of which one quarter was found due to the multi-ancestry approach, which also improves fine-mapping of credible variant sets.Diabetes mellitus: pathophysiological changes and therap

Macrocyclic trichothecene production by the fungus epibiont of Baccharis coridifolia

Cultures of the fungus epibiont from the herbaceous shrub B. coridifolia yielded four macrocyclic trichothecenes. As these toxins are the same as those found in B. coridifolia, the relationship between the plant and the epibiont must be considered as mutualistic.Fil:Rosso, M.L. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil:Maier, M.S. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil:Bertoni, M.D. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

Augmented Repair of Large to Massive Delaminated Rotator Cuff Tears With Autologous Long Head of the Biceps Tendon Graft: The Arthroscopic “Cuff-Plus” Technique

An anatomic and tension-free repair is the goal of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. However, this purpose is not always achievable in large and massive tears, and sometimes, even when intraoperative results seem acceptable, clinical and radiologic outcomes can be disappointing shortly afterward. Superior capsule reconstruction has been claimed as a valid and viable joint-preserving option for treating irreparable rotator cuff tears. However, the role of the superior capsule in repairable cuff tears has also been questioned. The aim of this article is to present the so-called arthroscopic cuff-plus technique. This technique consists of superior capsule reconstruction using the proximal part of the long head of the biceps tendon associated with a tension-free repair of the rotator cuff tendons in large to massive delaminated tears

Lichen secondary metabolites from the cultured lichen mycobionts of Teloschistes chrysophthalmus and Ramalina celastri and their antiviral activities

Lichens and spore-derived cultured mycobionts of Teloschistes chrysophthalmus and Ramalina celastri were studied chemically, and results indicated that they produced, respectively, parietin and usnic acid as major secondary metabolites, which were purified and identified. Identification of the compounds was performed by high performance liquid chromatography and structural elucidation by nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H) and electron impact mass spectrometry. Usnic acid exhibited antiviral activity whereas parietin had a virucidal effect against the arenaviruses Junín and Tacaribe. © 2007 Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung.Fil:Fazio, A.T. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil:Adler, M.T. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil:Bertoni, M.D. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil:Sepúlveda, C.S. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil:Damonte, E.B. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil:Maier, M.S. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

Bayesian Joint Estimation of CN and LOH Aberrations

SNP-microarrays are able to measure simultaneously both copy number and genotype at several single nucleotide polymorphism positions. Combining the two data, it is possible to better identify genomic aberrations. For this purpose, we propose a Bayesian piecewise constant regression which infers the type of aberration occurred, taking into account all the possible influence in the microarray detection of the genotype, resulting from an altered copy number level. Namely, we model the distributions of the detected genotype given a specific genomic alteration and we estimate the hyper-parameters used on public reference datasets.Research supported by Swiss National Science Foundation grant 205321-112430; Oncosuisse grants OCS-1939-8-2006 and OCS - 02296-08-2008; Cantone Ticino Ticino in rete grant; Fondazione per la Ricerca e la Cura sui Linfomi (Lugano, Switzerland)