POR UMA AGENDA DE PESQUISA COMPARADA DE PAPÉIS PROFISSIONAIS

Many investigations seek to know how journalists, journalism students and social sectors assess the role of journalism regarding historical, cultural and social characteristics. International research has been developed with categories that allow to compare aspects such as the roles that journalists assign to themselves about their professional mission, while Brazilian research contribute to the diagnosis of contexts of performance related to particular cultural characteristics, but can be improved for the detection of roles, functions and expectations. This article presents a review of the national and international literature on the professional profile of journalists, examining, above all, the self-assigned roles. The text indicates similarities and contrasts between methodological decisions, in order to point out challenges and highlight opportunities and directions for the advancement of research.Diversas investigaciones buscan conocer cómo periodistas, estudiantes de periodismo y sectores sociales evalúan el papel del periodismo ante características históricas, culturales y sociales. Las investigaciones internacionales se han desarrollado con categorías que permiten comparar aspectos como los papeles que los periodistas se atribuyen a sí mismos sobre su misión profesional, mientras que las investigaciones brasileñas contribuyen al diagnóstico de contextos de actuación en función de características culturales singulares, pero pueden ser perfeccionadas para la detección de papeles, funciones y expectativas. Este artículo presenta una revisión de la literatura nacional e internacional sobre perfil profesional del periodista, examinando sobre todo los papeles auto-asignados. El texto indica similitudes y contrastes entre decisiones metodológicas, para apuntar desafíos y destacar oportunidades y direcciones de avance de investigación.Diversas pesquisas buscam conhecer como jornalistas, estudantes de jornalismo e setores sociais avaliam o papel do jornalismo diante de características históricas, culturais e sociais. Investigações internacionais têm sido desenvolvidas com categorias que permitem comparar aspectos como os papéis que os jornalistas atribuem a si próprios sobre sua missão profissional, ao passo que pesquisas brasileiras contribuem para o diagnóstico de contextos de atuação em função de características culturais singulares, mas podem ser aperfeiçoadas para a detecção de papéis, funções e expectativas. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão da literatura nacional e internacional sobre perfil profissional do jornalista, examinando, sobretudo, os papéis auto-atribuídos. O texto indica similaridades e contrastes entre decisões metodológicas, de modo a apontar desafios e salientar oportunidades e direções de avanço de pesquisa na área

Políticas públicas e direitos de crianças e adolescentes: o papel da mídia na expansão da cidadania

This paper presents results of an evaluation of the quality of the coverage of issues associated to the preservation of rights of children and adolescents in the eight main newspapers of major cities of Bauru (Sao Paulo State) administrative region, from August 2008 to March 2009. In a total of 389 assessed stories, 66% portrayed acts of legal infraction and violence with children and adolescents as victims or perpetrators, with a fragmented and superficial perspective; 34% are greater approaches about public policies aimed at the preservation of social rights. The results show the existence of a smaller number, yet significant, of stories which presented extended and more contextualized approaches. From a general view, we can point out that the contribution given by the media as a form of vigilance over the execution of public policies has been limited, which justifies the concern of demanding, from the mass media, measures to fulfill the role attributed to them by contemporaneous democracies to the strengthening of citizenship.O artigo descreve os resultados de pesquisa que avaliou a qualidade da cobertura de assuntos ligados à preservação dos direitos da infância e adolescência nos oito principais jornais das maiores cidades da região administrativa de Bauru (SP), no período de agosto de 2008 a março de 2009. Do total de 389 matérias avaliadas, 66% noticiaram atos infracionais e de violência com crianças e adolescentes como vítimas ou agentes, com enfoque fragmentado e superficial; 34% são abordagens mais amplas sobre as políticas públicas destinadas à preservação de direitos sociais. Os resultados indicam a ocorrência de uma quantidade minoritária - ainda que significativa - de matérias que apresentaram abordagens mais completas e contextualizadas. De maneira geral, pode-se indicar que a contribuição da mídia como forma de vigilância sobre a execução das políticas públicas do setor tem sido limitada, o que justifica a preocupação de exigir, dos meios de comunicação, medidas para que cumpram a função social a eles atribuída pelas democracias contemporâneas para a expansão da cidadania

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially