Translation problems from French to English

There is no abstract available for this research paper.Thesis (M.A.

Translation problems from French to English

There is no abstract available for this research paper.Thesis (M.A.

Soulosse-sous-Saint-Elophe : authentique vicus sur la grande voie impériale Langres-Trèves

Bertaux Chantal, Mougin Jean. Soulosse-sous-Saint-Elophe : authentique vicus sur la grande voie impériale Langres-Trèves. Un authentique vicus sur la grande voie impériale Langres-Trèves. In: Les agglomérations secondaires de la Lorraine romaine. Besançon : Université de Franche-Comté, 1997. pp. 297-312. (Annales littéraires de l'Université de Besançon, 647

Liffol-le-Grand : entre Leuques et Lingons

Bertaux Chantal, Counot Bernard. Liffol-le-Grand : entre Leuques et Lingons. Entre Leuques et Lingons. In: Les agglomérations secondaires de la Lorraine romaine. Besançon : Université de Franche-Comté, 1997. pp. 207-214. (Annales littéraires de l'Université de Besançon, 647

L'amphithéâtre gallo-romain de Grand, Vosges : son dégagement, sa dégradation, sa protection

Bertaux Chantal, Bertaux Jean-Paul, Delétie Pierre, Haguenauer Bernard, Rouvier-Jeanlin Micheline. L'amphithéâtre gallo-romain de Grand, Vosges : son dégagement, sa dégradation, sa protection. In: La pierre dans la ville antique et médiévale. Actes du colloque d’Argentomagus Tours : Fédération pour l'édition de la Revue archéologique du Centre de la France, 2000. pp. 161-164. (Supplément à la Revue archéologique du centre de la France, 18

L'amphithéâtre gallo-romain de Grand, Vosges : son dégagement, sa dégradation, sa protection

Bertaux Chantal, Bertaux Jean-Paul, Delétie Pierre, Haguenauer Bernard, Rouvier-Jeanlin Micheline. L'amphithéâtre gallo-romain de Grand, Vosges : son dégagement, sa dégradation, sa protection. In: La pierre dans la ville antique et médiévale. Actes du colloque d’Argentomagus Tours : Fédération pour l'édition de la Revue archéologique du Centre de la France, 2000. pp. 161-164. (Supplément à la Revue archéologique du centre de la France, 18

A new MesosphEO data set of temperature profiles from 35 to 85 km using Rayleigh scattering at limb from GOMOS/ENVISAT daytime observations

International audienceGiven that the scattering of sunlight by the Earth's atmosphere above 30-35 km is primarily due to molecular Rayleigh scattering, the intensity of scattered photons can be assumed to be directly proportional to the atmospheric density. From the measured relative density profile it is possible to retrieve an absolute temperature profile by assuming local hydrostatic equilibrium, the perfect gas law, and an a priori temperature from a climatological model at the top of the atmosphere. This technique has been applied to Rayleigh lidar observations for over 35 years. The GOMOS star oc-cultation spectrometer includes spectral channels used to observe daytime limb scattered sunlight along the line of sight to a reference star. GOMOS Rayleigh scattering profiles in the spectral range of 420-480 nm have been used to retrieve temperature profiles between 35 and 85 km with a 2 km vertical resolution. Using this technique, a database of more than 309 000 temperature profiles has been created from GOMOS measurements. A global climatology was constructed using the new GOMOS database and is compared to an external model. In the upper stratosphere, the external model is based on the ECMWF reanalysis and the agreement with GOMOS is better than 2 K. In the mesosphere the external model follows the MSIS climatology and 5 to 10 K differences are observed with respect to the GOMOS temperature profiles. Comparisons to night-time collocated Rayleigh lidar profiles above the south of France show some vertical structured temperature differences, which may be partially explained by the contributions of the thermal diurnal tide. The equatorial temperature series shows clear examples of mesospheric inversion layers in the temperature profiles. The inversion layers have global longitudinal extension and temporal evolution, descending from 80 to 70 km over the course of a month. The climatology shows a semi-annual temperature variation in the upper stratosphere, a stratopause altitude varying between 47 and 54 km, and an annual variation in the temperatures of the mesosphere. The technique that derive temperature profiles from Rayleigh limb scattering can be applied to any other limb-scatter sounder, providing that the observations are in the spectral range 350-500 nm. Due to the simplicity of the principles involved, this technique is also a good candidate for a future missions where constellations of small satellites are deployed

Temperature observations in the upper stratosphere and in the mesosphere using Rayleigh scattering at limb: GOMOS/ENVISAT climatology and MARTIC Cubesat constellation

International audienceThe intensity of sunlight scattered by the atmospheric limb above 30-35 km is primarily due to molecular Rayleigh scattering and can be assumed to be directly proportional to the atmospheric density. From the measured relative density profile it is possible to retrieve an absolute temperature profile up to the upper mesosphere by assuming local hydrostatic equilibrium, the perfect gas law, and an a priori temperature from a climatological model at the top of the atmosphere. This simple technique is applied to Rayleigh lidar observations for over 40 years. The GOMOS star occultation spectrometer aboard the ESA ENVISAT satellite included spectral channels to observe daytime scattered sunlight at limb close to the star direction. GOMOS Rayleigh scattering profiles in the spectral range 420-480 nm have been used to retrieve temperature profiles in the altitude range 35-85 km with a 2-km vertical resolution. The global climatology built using GOMOS data from 2002 to 2012 showed an agreement better than 2 K with ECMWF analysis in the upper stratosphere but differences up 10 K withe the MSIS climatology in the mesosphere. The temperature evolution obtained at Equator indicates the occurrence of mesospheric temperature inversion layers with global longitudinal extension, descending in about one month from 80 to 70 km. The technique to derive temperature profiles from Rayleigh scattering at limb can be applied to any other limb-scatter sounder providing observation in the spectral range 350-500 nm. It can bring very valuable temperature observations to numerical weather prediction models in an altitude region where other sources of data are scarce. It is also a good candidate for a future small satellite constellation due to the simplicity of the principle. The MARTIC (Middle Atmosphere Rayleigh Temperature Instrument Constellation) project aims to develop a constellation of 12 Cubesats, orbiting at 3-4 different solar times to cover the tidal impact on middle atmosphere temperature, using a small space-qualified CMOS monochrome camera pointed to the Earth limb, and two band-pass filters, one centred around 450 nm to observe the Rayleigh scattering profile and one centred around 850 nm to detect the eventual presence of Mie scattering due to aerosols and cloud particles. The prototype of MARTIC is in development at LATMOS

Temperature observations in the upper stratosphere and in the mesosphere using Rayleigh scattering at limb: GOMOS/ENVISAT climatology and MARTIC Cubesat constellation

International audienceThe intensity of sunlight scattered by the atmospheric limb above 30-35 km is primarily due to molecular Rayleigh scattering and can be assumed to be directly proportional to the atmospheric density. From the measured relative density profile it is possible to retrieve an absolute temperature profile up to the upper mesosphere by assuming local hydrostatic equilibrium, the perfect gas law, and an a priori temperature from a climatological model at the top of the atmosphere. This simple technique is applied to Rayleigh lidar observations for over 40 years. The GOMOS star occultation spectrometer aboard the ESA ENVISAT satellite included spectral channels to observe daytime scattered sunlight at limb close to the star direction. GOMOS Rayleigh scattering profiles in the spectral range 420-480 nm have been used to retrieve temperature profiles in the altitude range 35-85 km with a 2-km vertical resolution. The global climatology built using GOMOS data from 2002 to 2012 showed an agreement better than 2 K with ECMWF analysis in the upper stratosphere but differences up 10 K withe the MSIS climatology in the mesosphere. The temperature evolution obtained at Equator indicates the occurrence of mesospheric temperature inversion layers with global longitudinal extension, descending in about one month from 80 to 70 km. The technique to derive temperature profiles from Rayleigh scattering at limb can be applied to any other limb-scatter sounder providing observation in the spectral range 350-500 nm. It can bring very valuable temperature observations to numerical weather prediction models in an altitude region where other sources of data are scarce. It is also a good candidate for a future small satellite constellation due to the simplicity of the principle. The MARTIC (Middle Atmosphere Rayleigh Temperature Instrument Constellation) project aims to develop a constellation of 12 Cubesats, orbiting at 3-4 different solar times to cover the tidal impact on middle atmosphere temperature, using a small space-qualified CMOS monochrome camera pointed to the Earth limb, and two band-pass filters, one centred around 450 nm to observe the Rayleigh scattering profile and one centred around 850 nm to detect the eventual presence of Mie scattering due to aerosols and cloud particles. The prototype of MARTIC is in development at LATMOS