Determination of the Optimum Chemical Composition and Temperature Interval of Hot Deformation for Steels of Supermartensity Class

The formation problem of the “banded microstructure” defect in low-carbon steels of the supermartensitic class was described. Options for reducing the likelihood of this defect are proposed. For this, thermodynamic calculations were carried out in order to select the optimal chemical composition and temperature range of hot deformation.В работе описана проблема образования дефекта «полосчатости микроструктуры» в низкоуглеродистых сталях супермартенситного класса. Предложены варианты снижения вероятности образования данного дефекта. Для этого проведены термодинамические расчеты с целью подбора оптимального химического состава и температурного интервала горячей деформации

Elements of mathematics in problems. Through olympiads and circles to profession

This is a collection of teaching materials used in several Russian universities, schools, and mathematical circles. Most problems are chosen in such a way that in the course of the solution and discussion a reader learns important mathematical ideas and theories. The materials can be used by pupils and students for self-study, and by teachers. This is an abridged pre-copyedit version of the published book submitted with the permission of the publisher. Each included individual material is self-contained and ready-for-use. Solutions to problems are not included intentionally. This collection consolidates updates of several arXiv submissions, e.g., arXiv:1305.2598.Comment: Edited by A. Skopenkov, M. Skopenkov, A. Zaslavsky. In Russian. Optimized for printing on A5 paper. Moscow Center for Continuous Mathematical Education, 2018, 592pp (in Russian

Determination of Temperature of (γ → α)-Transformation Using the Software Thermo-Calc for Small Carbon Low Alloy Steel

In this paper, we considered the capabilities of the Thermo-Calc program, which allows us to calculate equilibrium phase diagrams, the number and composition of phases, liquidus temperatures, equilibrium and nonequilibrium solidus, and phase formation under nonequilibrium conditions. Thermodynamic calculations were carried out to determine the temperature A3 for mild low-alloy steel for controlled thermomechanical processing (TMCP).В работе рассмотрены возможности программы Thermo-Calc, позволяющей проводить расчеты равновесных диаграмм состояния, количества и состава фаз, температур ликвидуса, равновесного и неравновесного солидуса, образования фаз в слабо неравновесных условиях. Проведены термодинамические расчеты по определению температуры А3 для малоуглеродистой низколегированной стали для контролируемой термомеханической обработки (TMCP).Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке стипендии Президента Российской Федерации (проект СП-259.2018.1)

Contact lens rehabilitation following repaired corneal perforations

BACKGROUND: Visual outcome following repair of post-traumatic corneal perforation may not be optimal due to presence of irregular keratometric astigmatism. We performed a study to evaluate and compare rigid gas permeable contact lens and spectacles in visual rehabilitation following perforating corneal injuries. METHOD: Eyes that had undergone repair for corneal perforating injuries with or without lens aspiration were fitted rigid gas permeable contact lenses. The fitting pattern and the improvement in visual acuity by contact lens over spectacle correction were noted. RESULTS: Forty eyes of 40 patients that had undergone surgical repair of posttraumatic corneal perforations were fitted rigid gas permeable contact lenses for visual rehabilitation. Twenty-four eyes (60%) required aphakic contact lenses. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of ≥ 6/18 in the snellen's acuity chart was seen in 10 (25%) eyes with spectacle correction and 37 (92.5%) eyes with the use of contact lens (p < 0.001). The best-corrected visual acuity with spectacles was 0.20 ± 0.13 while the same with contact lens was 0.58 ± 0.26. All the patients showed an improvement of ≥ 2 lines over spectacles in the snellen's acuity chart with contact lens. CONCLUSION: Rigid gas permeable contact lenses are better means of rehabilitation in eyes that have an irregular cornea due to scars caused by perforating corneal injuries

Exploring risk profiles and emergency frequency of purchasers and non-purchasers of personal emergency alarms: A prospective cohort study

© 2015 De San Miguel et al. Background: Personal alarms support independent living and have the potential to reduce serious consequences after a fall or during a medical emergency. While some Australian states have government funded personal alarm programs, others do not; but user-pays services are available. Although several studies have examined the profiles of alarm users, little is known about the risk profile of non-users. Specifically, whether there are "at risk" individuals who are unable, or choose not to purchase a service, who experience a home-based emergency in which an alarm could have mitigated an adverse outcome. This study aimed to describe the 'risk profile' of purchasers and non-purchasers of alarms; explore the reasons behind the decision to purchase or not to purchase and identify how often emergency assistance was needed and why. Methods: Purchasers and non-purchasers were followed for one year in this prospective cohort study. Demographic, decision-making and risk factor data were collected at an initial face-to-face interview, while information about emergencies was collected by monthly calls. Results: One hundred and fifty-seven purchasers and sixty-five non-purchasers completed the study. The risk profiles between the groups were similar in terms of gender, living arrangements, fall history and medical conditions. Purchasers (Mean = 82.6 years) were significantly older than non-purchasers (Mean = 79.3 years), (t(220) = -3.38, p = 0.000) and more functionally dependent on the IADL (z = -2.57, p = 0.010) and ADL (z = -2.45 p = 0.014) function scores. Non-purchasers (Mean = 8.04, SD = 3.57) were more socially isolated with significantly fewer family networks than purchasers (Mean = 9.46, SD = 3.25) (t(220) = -2.86, p = 0.005). Both groups experienced similarly high numbers of emergencies, 38.2 % of purchasers and 41.5 % of non-purchasers had at least one emergency where an alarm could have assisted. Main reasons for non-purchase were: cost (77 %), limited alarm range (51 %), no need (39 %) and lack of suitable contacts (30 %). Conclusion: There are older individuals who are at high risk of an emergency who are choosing, often for financial and lack of family support reasons, not to purchase a personal alarm service. Greater availability of government funded subsidy schemes would enable these individuals to access a service. Increasing the range over which alarms work could increase their appeal to a broader range of older persons living in the community. Future research should consider how strategies that improve social isolation from family and challenge clients' beliefs about their own health and independence can support increased access to personal alarm services

Метформин в лечении рака молочной железы

Clinical trials of metformin efficacy in breast cancer were reviewed in this article. According to some data from cohort and case-controlled studies, the use of metformin with combined therapy of breast cancer improves overall and disease-free survival. Initial data from randomized clinical trials of metformin in adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy of breast cancer are expected in the nearest future. В обзоре освещены клинические исследования, посвященные эффективности метформина при раке молочной железы (РМЖ). Согласно результатам ряда работ когортного и «случай-контроль» типа, применение метформина на фоне комплексного лечения больных РМЖ приводит к увеличению безрецидивной и общей выживаемости. В скором времени ожидаются первые публикации рандомизированных клинических исследований метформина на фоне неоадъювантного и адъювантного лечения больных РМЖ.