Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Investigación sobre la Presencia de la Enfermedad de Chagas en el Personal de la Policía Peruana

Growing number of young men from different regions of Peru, postulate their income annually to various units of the police institution. The routine medical examination to undergo these candidates in the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Police Lima, offers opportunity to do research on some aspects of national pathology. 3 years screening for Chagas disease is performed in subjects born or derived from chagasic regions, having had occasion to use our "index of suspicion" for the diagnosis of this disease in subjects come Tacna, Moquegua, Arequipa, Madre de Dios, Amazonas and San Martin (1).Crecido número de hombres jóvenes procedentes de las diversas regiones del Perú, postulen anualmente su ingreso a diversas dependencias de la Institución Policial. El examen médico de rutina a que son sometidos estos postulantes en el Departamento de Cardiología del Hospital de Policía de Lima, ofrece oportunidad para realizar investigaciones sobre algunos aspectos de la patología nacional. Desde hace 3 años se realiza el despistaje de la enfermedad de Chagas en los sujetos nacidos o procedentes de las regiones chagásicas, habiendo tenido ocasión de emplear nuestro "índice de sospecha" para el diagnóstico de este mal en los sujetos venidos de Tacna, Moquegua, Arequipa, Madre de Dios, Amazonas y San Martín (1)

Reacción de Guerreiro-Machado. Estudio en 1010 personas procedentes de diversos departamentos del Perú

He has practiced Guerreiro - Machado reaction in 1010 specimens from the same number of people , following the technique of 50% hemolysis of antigen using Bozicevich and total aqueous extract of T. cruzi ( forms of culture in medium Senekjie ) prepared Peruvian strains isolated from people and Trialoma infestans. In the study group , 551 Lima residents who had long previous residence in another department and 459 residents Samegua and Moquegua, locations known for their high endemicity for Chagas included . Reactions in 1010 , he found , 98 ( 9.70 %) were positive , 20 ( 1.98 %) suspicious and 31 ( 3.07 %) anticomplementary . The incidence was higher in females , 12.33 '% , and in the following age groups: 60 and older, 24.42 % ; 50 to 59 years , 13.86 % ; 40 to 49, 13.64 '% and 30 to 39, 9.16 % positive cases . De Lima 551 residents , 34 ( 6.17 % ) presented positive serology ; 1 ( 0.18 %) , suspicious and 7 ( 1.27 %) , anticomplementary . In 15 of the 34 positive subjects , xenodiagnosis was performed , resulting 7 positive . RFC 459 residents conducted in the department of Moquegua, was obtained , 64 (13.94 %) were positive , 19 ( 4.14 %) suspicious and 24 ( 5.23 %) anticomplementary . In this group RFC , 448 xenodiagnosis was performed the same number of people , finding 29 positive ( 6.47 %). Among the 34 positive residents of Lima , 6 had had several years of previous residence in chagasic areas of the department of Arequipa , 10 Moquegua, 8 in Tacna, 4 in San Martin, 2 in Cajamarca, 2 in Loreto, 1 in La Libertad and 1 in Iquique ( Chile) . More than 50% of the 1010 subjects studied were referred by clinical specialists , having considered Chagas disease among its diagnostic possibilities . Of the 98 positive cases reported in this study , 95 have been reported in previous publications (16, 20, 32 , 33) And three first reported . The three new cases , subjects are residents of Lima, one of them had had previous residency chogásicas areas of Arequipa, Moquegua in the second and third in San Martin. It is hoped that in the future ; diagnostic methods in uniformen surveys for the presence of American Trypanosomiasis , and thus determine the incidence of this disease in our country.Se ha practicado la reacción de Guerreiro-Machado en 1010 sueros correspondientes a igual número de personas, siguiendo la técnica del 50% de Hemólisis de Bozicevich y empleando antígeno de extracto acuoso total de T. cruzi (formas de cultivo en medio Senekjie ) preparado a partir de cepas peruanas aisladas de personas y de Trialoma infestans. En el grupo estudiado, se incluye 551 residentes de Lima que habían tenido prolongada residencia anterior en otros departamento y 459 residentes de Samegua y Moquegua, localidades conocidas por su elevada endemicidad en enfermedad de Chagas. De 1010 reacciones realizadas, se encontró, 98 (9.70%) positivas, 20 (1.98%) sospechosas y 31 (3.07%) anticomplementarias. La mayor incidencia fue en el sexo femenino, 12.33'%, y, en los siguientes grupos de edad: de 60 y más años, 24.42%; de 50 a: 59 años, 13.86%; de 40 a 49 años, 13.64'% y de 30 a 39 años, 9.16% de casos positivos. De 551 residentes de Lima, 34 (6.17 %), presentaron serología positiva; 1 (0.18%), sospechosa y 7 (1.27%), anticomplementaria. A 15 de los 34 sujetos positivos, se le practicó xenodiagnóstico, resultando 7 positivos. De 459 R. F. C. realizadas en residentes del departamento de Moquegua, se obtuvo, 64 (13.94%) positivas, 19 (4.14%) sospechosas y 24 (5.23%) anticomplementarias. En este grupo con R. F. C., se practicó 448 xenodiagnósticos a igual número de personas, encontrándose 29 positivos (6.47%). Entre los 34 positivos residentes de Lima, 6 habían tenido varios años de residencia anterior en zonas chagásicas del departamento de Arequipa, 10 en Moquegua, 8 en Tacna, 4 en San Martín, 2 en Cajamarca,2 en Loreto, 1 en La Libertad y 1 en Iquique (Chile). Más del 50% de los 1010 sujetos estudiados fueron remitidos por clínicos y especialistas, por haber considerado la enfermedad de Chagas entre sus posibilidades diagnósticas. De los 98 casos positivos señalados en el presente trabajo, 95 han sido comunicados en publicaciones anteriores (16, 20, 32, 33) Y tres informados por primera vez. Los tres nuevos casos, son sujetos residentes de Lima, uno de ellos había tenido residencia anterior en zonas chogásicas de Arequipa, el segundo en Moquegua y el tercero en San Martín. Es de esperar que en el futuro; se uniformen los métodos de diagnóstico en las encuestas para investigar la presencia de Trypanosomiasis Americana, y así conocer la incidencia de esta enfermedad en nuestro país

Contabilidade Gerencial: Análise Bibliométrica e Sistêmica da literatura científica internacional

Resumo: Esta pesquisa analisa a situação atual de desenvolvimento da contabilidade gerencial sob o viés da comunidade científica, por meio do instrumento de pesquisa ProKnow-C para seleção dos artigos, análise bibliométrica e sistêmica. Os principais resultados são: (i) os autores mais prolíficos foram Kari Lukka, Jonas Gerdin e Roger Burrit; (ii) Reino Unido e Austrália são as principais origens dos autores; (iii) Management Accounting Research e Accounting Organizations and Society são os periódicos de maior destaque; (iv) na maioria dos estudos não é explicitado o enquadramento metodológico; (v) planejamento estratégico, sistemas de informações gerenciais, teoria da prática e teoria institucional foram as principais teorias/conceitos utilizados nos estudos; e (vi) 41% dos estudos analisados utilizam a abordagem econômica, 39% a abordagem social e 20% a abordagem comportamental. Conclui-se que o trabalho apresenta um panorama sobre contabilidade gerencial e contribui com futuras pesquisas sobre o tema, importante para a gestão das organizações

Frecuencia de sintomatología ansiosa y sus factores relacionados en mujeres con artritis reumatoide en un hospital general de Lima.

Objetivo: Estudiar la frecuencia de sintomatología ansiosa y los factores relacionados a ésta en mujeres con artritis reumatoide (AR) que acuden a un hospital general de Lima. Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes mujeres con AR a quienes se les aplicó una ficha con las variables sociodemográficas, la escala visual analógica (EVA) para medir intensidad de dolor, el Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (M-HAQ) para evaluar discapacidad funcional y una escala de ansiedad (EA-72) construida y validada en el Perú para determinar presencia o ausencia de ansiedad clínicamente significativa. Resultados: Se encontraron 68 pacientes con ansiedad clínicamente significativa (46,57%) entre las 146 pacientes evaluadas. El análisis multivariado mostró que la discapacidad funcional con puntaje de M-HAQ > 2 (OR = 6,89) y el dolor > 5 cm según la EVA (OR = 3,27) fueron factores relacionados a ansiedad clínicamente significativa en las pacientes con AR mientras que el grado de instrucción superior (OR = 0,25) fue un factor protector. Conclusiones: Este estudio muestra que una alta proporción de pacientes con AR presenta ansiedad clínicamente significativa y que ésta se relaciona con la discapacidad funcional, el dolor y un menor grado de instrucción

Resultados visuales a largo plazo del bevacizumab intravítreo en la neovascularización ocular inflamatoria

Purpose To assess the long-term role of bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA) in inflammatory ocular neovascularization. Design Retrospective multicenter consecutive case series of inflammatory ocular neovascularization. Methods settings: Multicenter institutional and private practices. study population: Patients with inflammatory ocular neovascularization in one or both eyes of varying etiologies who failed standard therapy. intervention: Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. main outcome measures: Improvement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) expressed as logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR), and decrease in central foveal thickness as measured by optical coherence tomography at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of follow-up. Results Mean logMAR BCVA (central foveal thickness) following intravitreal bevacizumab was as follows: baseline, 0.65 (6/27 or 20/90) (338 ?m; 99 eyes of 96 patients); 6 months, 0.42 (6/16 or 20/53) (239 ?m; 2.0 injections; 81 eyes); 12 months, 0.39 (6/15 or 20/49) (241 ?m; 2.3 injections; 95 eyes); 18 months, 0.40 (6/15 or 20/50) (261 ?m; 3.0 injections; 46 eyes); and 24 months, 0.34 (6/13 or 20/44) (265 ?m; 3.6 injections; 27 eyes). Paired comparisons revealed significant visual improvement at 6 months of 2.4 lines (P = .000), at 12 months of 2.5 lines (P = .000), at 18 months of 2.5 lines (P = .001), and at 24 months of 2.2 lines (P = .013). Paired comparisons revealed significant central foveal flattening at 6 months of 78 ?m (P = .000), at 12 months of 85 ?m (P = .000), at 18 months of 90 ?m (P = .003), and at 24 months of 77 ?m (P = .022). Three eyes developed submacular fibrosis and 1 eye submacular hemorrhage. Conclusion Intravitreal bevacizumab led in the long-term to significant mean visual improvement of ?2.2 lines and significant foveal flattening in a wide variety of inflammatory ocular diseases without major complications. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and neovascularization of the disc or elsewhere (NVD/E) in the retina can be an occasionally late sequela of inflammatory chorioretinal diseases,1 and rarely an early manifestation.2 Our group has previously reported the 3-month results of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA) in inflammatory ocular neovascularization in 84 eyes. Intravitreal bevacizumab led to short-term significant visual improvement and regression of inflammatory ocular neovascularization in a wide variety of inflammatory ocular diseases.3 The long-term safety profile of bevacizumab, and visual prognosis in inflammatory ocular neovascularization, may be jeopardized by submacular fibrosis,4, 5 cystoid macular edema (CME),6, 7, 8 or spread of chorioretinal atrophy. The objective of this report is to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab in a retrospective collaborative case series study of inflammatory ocular neovascularization. Methods Consecutive cases of inflammatory ocular neovascularization resistant to corticosteroid with or without antimicrobial therapy and/or immunosuppression treated with intravitreal bevacizumab and followed for more than 6 months were included in the present analysis. The cases were contributed by members of the American Society of Retina Specialists and the American Uveitis Society as detailed elsewhere.3 Intravitreal bevacizumab was injected using a 30-gauge needle in a sterile manner after topical anesthesia and povidone instillation in the lower cul-de-sac. Bevacizumab aliquots were prepared in the hospital pharmacies of the corresponding institution. A standardized spreadsheet was used to collect the clinical data. Cases with prior CME, diabetes mellitus, or age-related macular degeneration were excluded. Most of the patients had initially been treated in a stepwise fashion with high-doses of oral corticosteroid, with or without intraocular or sub-Tenon corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy (as monitored by a rheumatologist). All patients signed an informed consent after detailed information about the limited experience, potential side effects, and the off-label usage of the drug. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was assessed using either Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) or Snellen charts (half-and-half) and listed as logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) equivalents. Retreatment was done when there was recurrent activity evaluated by funduscopy, fluorescein angiography (leakage, growth of CNV), or optical coherence tomography examination. Differences between final and initial BCVA or central foveal thickness (CFT) were tested using paired Student t test. For small sample size comparisons, nonparametric tests were used. Further associations were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or ?2 test for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. All analysis was conducted using SPSS 13.0 statistical package (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois, USA), and a P value less than .05 was considered significant. Results Ninety-nine consecutive eyes of 96 patients, 33 male and 63 female (78 White, 9 Asian, 8 Hispanic, and 1 Black) with a mean age of 39 years, were examined at baseline and followed up between 6 months and 24 months (TABLE 1, TABLE 2). The right eye was involved in 55 subjects and the left in 44 subjects (3 patients having bilateral disease). Uveitis was active in 26 eyes at the time of ocular neovascularization. Forty-one patients (44 eyes) were taking oral, periocular, or intraocular corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive agents. Thirty-three eyes received 0.1 ml (2.5 mg) of intravitreal bevacizumab and 66 eyes received 0.05 ml (1.25 mg). The diagnosis was punctate inner choroidopathy (23), multifocal choroiditis with panuveitis (19), ocular histoplasmosis (13), idiopathic (12), serpiginous choroiditis (9), Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (6), ocular toxoplasmosis (5), Eales disease (4), sarcoidosis (2), sympathetic ophthalmia (2), tuberculosis (2), acute placoid pigment epitheliopathy (1), and birdshot choroiditis (1)

Resultados visuales a largo plazo del bevacizumab intravítreo en la neovascularización ocular inflamatoria

Purpose To assess the long-term role of bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA) in inflammatory ocular neovascularization. Design Retrospective multicenter consecutive case series of inflammatory ocular neovascularization. Methods settings: Multicenter institutional and private practices. study population: Patients with inflammatory ocular neovascularization in one or both eyes of varying etiologies who failed standard therapy. intervention: Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. main outcome measures: Improvement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) expressed as logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR), and decrease in central foveal thickness as measured by optical coherence tomography at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of follow-up. Results Mean logMAR BCVA (central foveal thickness) following intravitreal bevacizumab was as follows: baseline, 0.65 (6/27 or 20/90) (338 ?m; 99 eyes of 96 patients); 6 months, 0.42 (6/16 or 20/53) (239 ?m; 2.0 injections; 81 eyes); 12 months, 0.39 (6/15 or 20/49) (241 ?m; 2.3 injections; 95 eyes); 18 months, 0.40 (6/15 or 20/50) (261 ?m; 3.0 injections; 46 eyes); and 24 months, 0.34 (6/13 or 20/44) (265 ?m; 3.6 injections; 27 eyes). Paired comparisons revealed significant visual improvement at 6 months of 2.4 lines (P = .000), at 12 months of 2.5 lines (P = .000), at 18 months of 2.5 lines (P = .001), and at 24 months of 2.2 lines (P = .013). Paired comparisons revealed significant central foveal flattening at 6 months of 78 ?m (P = .000), at 12 months of 85 ?m (P = .000), at 18 months of 90 ?m (P = .003), and at 24 months of 77 ?m (P = .022). Three eyes developed submacular fibrosis and 1 eye submacular hemorrhage. Conclusion Intravitreal bevacizumab led in the long-term to significant mean visual improvement of ?2.2 lines and significant foveal flattening in a wide variety of inflammatory ocular diseases without major complications. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and neovascularization of the disc or elsewhere (NVD/E) in the retina can be an occasionally late sequela of inflammatory chorioretinal diseases,1 and rarely an early manifestation.2 Our group has previously reported the 3-month results of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA) in inflammatory ocular neovascularization in 84 eyes. Intravitreal bevacizumab led to short-term significant visual improvement and regression of inflammatory ocular neovascularization in a wide variety of inflammatory ocular diseases.3 The long-term safety profile of bevacizumab, and visual prognosis in inflammatory ocular neovascularization, may be jeopardized by submacular fibrosis,4, 5 cystoid macular edema (CME),6, 7, 8 or spread of chorioretinal atrophy. The objective of this report is to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab in a retrospective collaborative case series study of inflammatory ocular neovascularization. Methods Consecutive cases of inflammatory ocular neovascularization resistant to corticosteroid with or without antimicrobial therapy and/or immunosuppression treated with intravitreal bevacizumab and followed for more than 6 months were included in the present analysis. The cases were contributed by members of the American Society of Retina Specialists and the American Uveitis Society as detailed elsewhere.3 Intravitreal bevacizumab was injected using a 30-gauge needle in a sterile manner after topical anesthesia and povidone instillation in the lower cul-de-sac. Bevacizumab aliquots were prepared in the hospital pharmacies of the corresponding institution. A standardized spreadsheet was used to collect the clinical data. Cases with prior CME, diabetes mellitus, or age-related macular degeneration were excluded. Most of the patients had initially been treated in a stepwise fashion with high-doses of oral corticosteroid, with or without intraocular or sub-Tenon corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy (as monitored by a rheumatologist). All patients signed an informed consent after detailed information about the limited experience, potential side effects, and the off-label usage of the drug. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was assessed using either Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) or Snellen charts (half-and-half) and listed as logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) equivalents. Retreatment was done when there was recurrent activity evaluated by funduscopy, fluorescein angiography (leakage, growth of CNV), or optical coherence tomography examination. Differences between final and initial BCVA or central foveal thickness (CFT) were tested using paired Student t test. For small sample size comparisons, nonparametric tests were used. Further associations were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or ?2 test for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. All analysis was conducted using SPSS 13.0 statistical package (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois, USA), and a P value less than .05 was considered significant. Results Ninety-nine consecutive eyes of 96 patients, 33 male and 63 female (78 White, 9 Asian, 8 Hispanic, and 1 Black) with a mean age of 39 years, were examined at baseline and followed up between 6 months and 24 months (TABLE 1, TABLE 2). The right eye was involved in 55 subjects and the left in 44 subjects (3 patients having bilateral disease). Uveitis was active in 26 eyes at the time of ocular neovascularization. Forty-one patients (44 eyes) were taking oral, periocular, or intraocular corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive agents. Thirty-three eyes received 0.1 ml (2.5 mg) of intravitreal bevacizumab and 66 eyes received 0.05 ml (1.25 mg). The diagnosis was punctate inner choroidopathy (23), multifocal choroiditis with panuveitis (19), ocular histoplasmosis (13), idiopathic (12), serpiginous choroiditis (9), Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (6), ocular toxoplasmosis (5), Eales disease (4), sarcoidosis (2), sympathetic ophthalmia (2), tuberculosis (2), acute placoid pigment epitheliopathy (1), and birdshot choroiditis (1)