Relación entre apoyo familiar y el rendimiento académico en estudiantes colombianos de educación primaria (Relationship between family support and academic achievement in primary school students)

Resumen:  Objetivo: La investigación buscó establecer la relación entre el apoyo familiar y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de 3° E.B.P de la Institución educativa Heriberto García, Toluviejo, Sucre. Método: Empleado de la investigación se enmarcó en un paradigma positivista, bajo un tipo de estudio correlacional en una muestra integrada por 98 estudiantes del grado 3° E.B.P y 92 familias, con el empleo de estadística descriptiva y análisis de correspondencia múltiple (ACM). Resultados: De la investigación mostraron constitución de familias nucleares con niveles socioeconómicos y educativos bajos y predominio de actividades informales de construcción. Se encontró un nivel de desempeño básico en las asignaturas de ciencias sociales, naturales, matemáticas y español. Conclusión: Se determinó una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el nivel de rendimiento y apoyo familiar, esto indica que aquellos padres que acompañan, retroalimentan y están pendientes de la vida escolar, sus hijos muestran mejores niveles de desempeño escolar. Abstract Objective: This research paper aims to establish the relationship between family support and academic performance for 3° E.B.P students of Heriberto García educational institution from Toluviejo, Sucre. Method: A positivist paradigm to conduct this research through (ACM), a descriptive statistics and multiple correspondence analysis was used. Results: Show that the structure of students nuclear families have low socio-economical and educational levels and the prevalence of informal activities are related to construction. Also, a basic performance on subjects such as social sciences, sciences, math and Spanish, was found. Conclusion: Then, a significant statistically relationship between academic performance and family support was determined, showing that those children whose parents accompany them making feedback and are attentive to their school life, have higher performance in the school

Complejos de halógeno acetatos de uranio (iv) y torio (iv) con sulfoxidos y fosfinoxidos

En este trabajo se ha Investigado el efecto sterico sobre los modos de coordinación del grupo carboxilato (unidentado, bidentado y puente), en complejos de halógeno acetato con fosfinóxidos y sulfóxidos y la correlación de los resultadoscon el modelo "Cone Angle" e\ cual ha sido descrito en otra publicación previa' Los complejos preparados son: M(RCO )^ .nL donde n = 4, M = Th ó U, L = Me^SO (dmso), R = CF,3 y L = Me3P0 (tmpo); n = 3, M = Th, L = tmpo, R = CF3 y L = ppo o dmso, R OCCI3; M = U, L = t p p o , R =CF3 y L =dmso, dpso, R = C C l 3 ; n = 2 , M = T h , L = tppo, R = CF3, CHCI^On^ 1, M = Th ó U, L =dmso

Does excessive use of smartphones and apps make us more impulsive? An approach from behavioural economics

Purpose Problematic smartphone use has been associated with negative effects in work and school environments. This study proposes the application of a behavioural economics perspective to establish whether heavy smartphone users show a tendency to devalue the consequences of their behaviour in the long term. To address this proposition, the study sought to establish how an objective measurement of usage time of smartphones and apps might help to predict, firstly, participants’ choice behaviour and, secondly, their perceived dependence levels. Design/methodology/approach An objective measurement of the usage time of smartphones and apps was conducted over four weeks (N = 560 data points), and a computer-based intertemporal choice task and the Spanish version of the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) were applied. The participants were twenty undergraduate college students. Findings Although the usage time of devices and apps failed to predict the choice behaviour, a correlation was found between the total usage time of smartphones and WhatsApp and Facebook apps and users’ dependence level. On the other hand, dependence had a positive effect on the average selection of the impulsive choice. Originality/value This paper proposes the application of a behavioural economics perspective to explore the relationship between objectively measured usage time of smartphone and apps, choice behaviours in an intertemporal task and users’ perceived dependence levels. This allows us to consider an alternative to the traditional psychiatric approach in an environment of increasing access to and use of mobile digital platforms

Partitioning the Heritability of Tourette Syndrome and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Reveals Differences in Genetic Architecture

The direct estimation of heritability from genome-wide common variant data as implemented in the program Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis (GCTA) has provided a means to quantify heritability attributable to all interrogated variants. We have quantified the variance in liability to disease explained by all SNPs for two phenotypically-related neurobehavioral disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette Syndrome (TS), using GCTA. Our analysis yielded a heritability point estimate of 0.58 (se = 0.09, p = 5.64e-12) for TS, and 0.37 (se = 0.07, p = 1.5e-07) for OCD. In addition, we conducted multiple genomic partitioning analyses to identify genomic elements that concentrate this heritability. We examined genomic architectures of TS and OCD by chromosome, MAF bin, and functional annotations. In addition, we assessed heritability for early onset and adult onset OCD. Among other notable results, we found that SNPs with a minor allele frequency of less than 5% accounted for 21% of the TS heritability and 0% of the OCD heritability. Additionally, we identified a significant contribution to TS and OCD heritability by variants significantly associated with gene expression in two regions of the brain (parietal cortex and cerebellum) for which we had available expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). Finally we analyzed the genetic correlation between TS and OCD, revealing a genetic correlation of 0.41 (se = 0.15, p = 0.002). These results are very close to previous heritability estimates for TS and OCD based on twin and family studies, suggesting that very little, if any, heritability is truly missing (i.e., unassayed) from TS and OCD GWAS studies of common variation. The results also indicate that there is some genetic overlap between these two phenotypically-related neuropsychiatric disorders, but suggest that the two disorders have distinct genetic architectures

Aplicación del estudio de métodos y tiempos a la mejora de procesos: Caso fábrica La Milagrosa (imágenes religiosas en yeso).

The study of work is a technique widely used in each of the organizations, since through its tools, such as the study of times and methods, among others, its objective is to optimize each of the resources and processes carried out in an organization and thus propose actions to improve productivity. This article presents an application of the study of work to a manufacturing process of large plaster images in a light industry factory using the techniques of study of methods and time. A critical analysis was performed on the process of the previously selected large-size images, due to its high potential for improvement. The results allowed to reduce the percentage of losses that the company presented due to lack of means to ship its goods, as well as the time management of a stage of the process in which there was excess work. In addition, excessive times were eliminated in stages of the process to increase the percentage of production. Our results showed that work study techniques are adequate tools to be applied in most economic sectors to improve productivity. However, the technique itself will not be effective if there is no commitment from top management to implement the proposed corrective actions.El estudio del trabajo es una técnica muy utilizada en cada una de las organizaciones, ya que a través de sus herramientas, como estudio de tiempos y métodos, entre otros, su objetivo es optimizar cada uno de los recursos y procesos llevados a cabo en una organización y de esta manera proponer acciones de mejora a la productividad. Este articulo presenta una aplicación del estudio del trabajo a un proceso de fabricación de imágenes en yeso de tamaño grande dentro de una fábrica de industria ligera utilizando las técnicas de estudio de métodos y tiempos. Se realizó un análisis crítico al proceso de las imágenes de tamaño grande previamente seleccionada, debido a su alto potencial de mejora. Los resultados permitieron reducir el porcentaje de perdidas que presentaba la empresa por falta de medios para realizar el envío de sus mercancías, así como la gestión de tiempos de una etapa del proceso en el que se presentaba exceso de trabajo. Además, se eliminaron tiempos excesivos en etapas del proceso, para aumentar el porcentaje de producción Nuestros resultados demostraron que las técnicas de estudio del trabajo son herramientas adecuadas para ser aplicadas en la mayoría de los sectores económicos para mejorar la productividad. Sin embargo, la técnica en sí misma no será eficaz si no existe un compromiso por parte de la alta dirección para aplicar las acciones correctivas propuestas

Mycorrhiza induced resistance against pests: from the lab to the field

1 página - Conferencia invitada presentada en Iberian Plant Biology 2023. XVIII Portuguese-Spanish Congress on Plant Biology and the XXV Meeting of the Spanish Society of Plant Biology. 9-12 Julio 2023, Braga, PortugalArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can prime plant defences increasing their resistance against pathogens and insect herbivores. Using tomato as a model, we have shown that inoculation with different AMF reduces the performance of the chewing herbivore Spodoptera exigua and the leaf miner Tuta absoluta. Transcriptomic and metabolomics analyses revealed that this Mycorrhiza Induced Resistance (MIR) is associated to boosted activation of plant direct and indirect defences in response to the attackers. We found primed accumulation in attacked leaves of antiherbivore metabolites, including alkaloids and polyamine conjugates, and functional analyses demonstrated that some of the identified compounds significantly inhibit herbivore development. In addition, the symbiosis altered the volatile blends released by the plant, and enhanced the attraction of natural enemies of the pests (Nesidiocoris tenuis, commonly used in biocontrol programs). Finally, networks analyses allowed the identification of key regulators of the primed response within the jasmonic acid and ethylene signalling pathways. Despite the many studies showing induced resistance by microorganisms in different plant‐pest systems, the variability in the protection achieved under agronomic settings is hindering the application of this strategy in agriculture. Plant‐microbe‐herbivore interactions are highly context dependent, with multiple biotic and abiotic factors influencing the final output. Identifying such factors is essential to optimize the application of microbial inoculants for crop protection in agriculture. We found that the plant genotype and nutrient availability are important drivers of the context dependency of MIR in tomato. Despite of the variability, comparisons across different experimental scales, from controlled lab set‐ups to commercial production conditions, confirmed that MIR can be achieved under crop production conditions and is compatible with other biocontrol methods. Accordingly, MIR can be a relevant addition to current Integrated Pest Management Programs

Quantifying culture gaps between physicians and managers in Dutch hospitals: a survey

Background: The demands in hospitals for safety and quality, combined with limitations in financing health care require effective cooperation between physicians and managers. The complex relationship between both groups has been described in literature. We aim to add a perspective to literature, by developing a questionnaire which provides an opportunity to quantitatively report and elaborate on the size and content of differences between physicians and managers. Insight gained from use of the questionnaire might enable us to reflect on these differences and could provide practical tools to improve cooperation between physicians and managers, with an aim to enhance hospital performance.\ud \ud Methods: The CG-Questionnaire was developed by adjusting, pre-testing, and shortening Kralewski's questionnaire, and appeared suitable to measure culture gaps. It was shortened by exploratory factor analysis, using principal-axis factoring extraction with Varimax rotation. The CG-Questionnaire was sent to all physicians and managers within 37 Dutch general hospitals. ANOVA and paired sample T-tests were used to determine significant differences between perceptions of daily work practices based in both professional cultures; culture gaps. The size and content of culture gaps were determined with descriptive statistics.\ud \ud Results: The total response (27%) consisted of 929 physicians and 310 managers. The Cronbachs alpha's were 0.70 - 0.79. Statistical analyses showed many differences; culture gaps were found in the present situation; they were even larger in the preferred situation. Differences between both groups can be classified into three categories: (1) culture gaps in the present situation and not in the preferred, (2) culture gaps in the preferred situation and not in the present, and (3) culture gaps in both situations.\ud \ud Conclusions: With data from the CG-Questionnaire it is now possible to measure the size and content of culture gaps between physicians and managers in hospitals. Results gained with the CG-Questionnaire enables hospitals to reflect on these differences. Combining the results, we distinguished three categories of increasing complexity. We linked these three categories to three methods from intergroup literature (enhanced information, contact and ultimately meta cognition) which could help to improve the cooperation between physicians and managers