Crescimento de híbridos de milho em solução nutritiva com alumínio

The use of aluminum (Al) tolerant hybrids is an important factor to corn production on acid soils. The objective was to assess the reaction of maize hybrids according to excessive activities of Al in solution under a plastic greenhouse. Plants of Pioneer 30F53 (early) and Pioneer 32R48 (super early) hybrids were grown in pots with nutrient solution containing 0.0, 5.81, 9.9, 15.0, 21.0 and 29,0 μmol L-1 of Al activities, at pH 4.5. These activities corresponded to the following Al concentrations: 0.0, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50 mmol L-1, respectively. A randomized block design was used with four replications. Treatments were arranged in a bifactorial model, where hybrids were combined with the Al activity. After three weeks of growth, the study assessed the root length, the dry weight of root system and shoot, the number of secondary roots, the content of Al in the plant and its toxic activity that suppresses 10% of the value of the attributes assessed. The interaction of the factors studied did not influence the variables assessed. The increase of Al activities in solution up to 29 μmol L-1 reduced the seminal root length and the dry weight of the roots and shoot in a linear way. The Hybrid 32R48 was more tolerant to Al.A utilização de híbridos tolerantes ao alumínio (Al) é um fator importante para produção de milho em solos ácidos. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a reação de híbridos de milho em função de atividades excessivas de Al em solução, em condições de estufa plástica. Plantas dos híbridos Pioneer 30F53 (precoce) e 32R48 (superprecoce) foram crescidas em vasos com solução nutritiva, contendo as seguintes atividades de Al: 0,0; 5,81; 9,9; 15; 21 e 29 μmol L-1, em pH 4,5. Estas atividades corresponderam às concentrações de 0, 0,50, 0,75, 1,00, 1,25 e 1,50 mmol L-1 de Al, respectivamente. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema bifatorial, combinando o tipo de híbrido com a atividade de Al. Após três semanas de crescimento, avaliou-se o comprimento da raiz seminal, a massa seca do sistema radicular e da parte aérea, o número de raízes secundárias, o teor de Al nas plantas e sua atividade tóxica que suprime 10% do valor dos atributos avaliados. A interação dos fatores estudados não infl uenciou as variáveis avaliadas. O acréscimo da atividade de até 29 μmol L-1 Al em solução reduziu, de forma linear, o comprimento da raiz seminal e a massa seca do sistema radicular e da parte aérea. O híbrido 32R48 foi mais tolerante ao Al

Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) of soybean seed oil content

The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) can improve interpretations of leaf analysis to determine the nutrient status. Diagnoses by this method require DRIS norms, which are however not known for oil content of soybean seeds. The aims of this study were to establish and test the DRIS method for oil content of soybean seed (maturity group II cultivars). Soybean leaves (207 samples) in the full flowering stage were analyzed for macro and micro-nutrients, and the DRIS was applied to assess the relationship between nutrient ratios and the seed oil content. Samples from experimental and farm field sites of the southernmost Brazilian state Rio Grande do Sul (28° - 29° southern latitude; 52° -53° western longitude) were assessed in two growing seasons (2007/2008 and 2008/2009). The DRIS norms related to seed oil content differed between the studied years. A unique DRIS norm was established for seed oil content higher than 18.68 % based on data of the 2007/2008 growing season. Higher DRIS indices of B, Ca, Mg and S were associated with a higher oil content, while the opposite was found for K, N and P. The DRIS can be used to evaluate the leaf nutrient status of soybean to improve the seed oil content of the crop

Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) of soybean seed oil content Sistema integrado de diagnose e recomendação (DRIS) para diagnóstico do teor de óleo em grão de soja

The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) can improve interpretations of leaf analysis to determine the nutrient status. Diagnoses by this method require DRIS norms, which are however not known for oil content of soybean seeds. The aims of this study were to establish and test the DRIS method for oil content of soybean seed (maturity group II cultivars). Soybean leaves (207 samples) in the full flowering stage were analyzed for macro and micro-nutrients, and the DRIS was applied to assess the relationship between nutrient ratios and the seed oil content. Samples from experimental and farm field sites of the southernmost Brazilian state Rio Grande do Sul (28° - 29° southern latitude; 52° -53° western longitude) were assessed in two growing seasons (2007/2008 and 2008/2009). The DRIS norms related to seed oil content differed between the studied years. A unique DRIS norm was established for seed oil content higher than 18.68 % based on data of the 2007/2008 growing season. Higher DRIS indices of B, Ca, Mg and S were associated with a higher oil content, while the opposite was found for K, N and P. The DRIS can be used to evaluate the leaf nutrient status of soybean to improve the seed oil content of the crop.O Sistema Integrado de Diagnose e Recomendação (DRIS) pode melhorar a interpretação da análise foliar, contribuindo com a avaliação do estado nutricional. Para diagnósticos obtidos com esse método, é imprescindível que as normas DRIS sejam previamente estabelecidas, o que ainda não foi efetuado para o teor de óleo do grão de soja. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estabelecer as normas DRIS e avaliar esse método, em relação ao teor de óleo do grão de soja (cultivares do grupo II de maturação). Foram determinados os teores de macro e de micronutrientes de 207 amostras de folhas dessa cultura, coletadas no estádio do pleno florescimento, e avaliada a relação entre a razão dos nutrientes e o teor de óleo no grão usando o método DRIS. As amostras foram obtidas em parcelas experimentais e em lavouras comerciais do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (28° e 29° de latitude sul; e 52° e 53° de longitude oeste), nas safras 2007/2008 e 2008/2009. As normas DRIS relacionadas com o teor de óleo do grão diferiram entre os anos agrícolas. Foi estabelecida uma única norma DRIS para o teor de óleo do grão maior que 18,68 %, com os resultados do banco de dados do ano 2007/2008. O acréscimo dos valores dos índices DRIS de B, Ca, Mg e S foi acompanhado do maior teor de óleo, ocorrendo o contrário com os índices de K, N e P. O DRIS pode ser usado para avaliar o status de nutrientes de folha de soja, com o objetivo de melhorar o teor de óleo do grão dessa cultura

Impact of surgery, radiation and systemic therapy on the outcomes of patients with dendritic cell and histiocytic sarcomas

BACKGROUND: Neoplasms of histiocytic and dendritic cell origin, including follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS), histiocytic sarcoma (HS) and interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma (IDCS), are extremely rare, and data on their natural history and treatment outcomes are sparse. We evaluated the impact of surgery, radiation and systemic therapies on overall survival (OS). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with FDCS, IDCS and HS treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center between 1995 and 2014. RESULTS: We identified 31, 15 and 7 patients with FDCS, HS and IDCS, respectively. Median age was 48.7, 42.3 and 58.8 years for FDCS, HS and IDCS, respectively. Only a slight disparity in gender distribution existed for FDCS and HS; however, IDCS predominantly affected males (6:1). The most common sites of presentation were abdomen and pelvis (42%), extremities (33%) and head and neck (57%) for FDCS, HS and IDCS, respectively. At diagnosis, 74%, 40% and 86% of patients presented with localised disease in FDCS, HS and IDCS, respectively. Patients with localised disease had significantly improved OS than those with metastatic disease in FDCS (P = 0.04) and IDCS (P = 0.014) but not in HS (P = 0.95). In FDCS and HS, adjuvant or neo-adjuvant therapy was not associated with improved OS compared with observation. In IDCS, surgery alone provided a 5-year overall survival rate of 71%. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant or neo-adjuvant treatment in FDCS and HS did not affect OS. Patients with IDCS had an excellent outcome with surgery. In the metastatic setting, chemotherapy and small molecule inhibitors may provide benefit

Pembrolizumab in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin compared with gemcitabine and cisplatin alone for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (KEYNOTE-966): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

Background: Biliary tract cancers, which arise from the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts and the gallbladder, generally have a poor prognosis and are rising in incidence worldwide. The standard-of-care treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer is chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin. Because most biliary tract cancers have an immune-suppressed microenvironment, immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy is associated with a low objective response rate. We aimed to assess whether adding the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab to gemcitabine and cisplatin would improve outcomes compared with gemcitabine and cisplatin alone in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer.Methods: KEYNOTE-966 was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial done at 175 medical centres globally. Eligible participants were aged 18 years or older; had previously untreated, unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancer; had disease measurable per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours version 1.1; and had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1. Eligible participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to pembrolizumab 200 mg or placebo, both administered intravenously every 3 weeks (maximum 35 cycles), in combination with gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks; no maximum duration) and cisplatin (25 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks; maximum 8 cycles). Randomisation was done using a central interactive voice-response system and stratified by geographical region, disease stage, and site of origin in block sizes of four. The primary endpoint of overall survival was evaluated in the intention-to-treat population. The secondary endpoint of safety was evaluated in the as-treated population. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04003636.Findings: Between Oct 4, 2019, and June 8, 2021, 1564 patients were screened for eligibility, 1069 of whom were randomly assigned to pembrolizumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin (pembrolizumab group; n=533) or placebo plus gemcitabine and cisplatin (placebo group; n=536). Median study follow-up at final analysis was 25·6 months (IQR 21·7-30·4). Median overall survival was 12·7 months (95% CI 11·5-13·6) in the pembrolizumab group versus 10·9 months (9·9-11·6) in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·83 [95% CI 0·72-0·95]; one-sided p=0·0034 [significance threshold, p=0·0200]). In the as-treated population, the maximum adverse event grade was 3 to 4 in 420 (79%) of 529 participants in the pembrolizumab group and 400 (75%) of 534 in the placebo group; 369 (70%) participants in the pembrolizumab group and 367 (69%) in the placebo group had treatment-related adverse events with a maximum grade of 3 to 4. 31 (6%) participants in the pembrolizumab group and 49 (9%) in the placebo group died due to adverse events, including eight (2%) in the pembrolizumab group and three (1%) in the placebo group who died due to treatment-related adverse events.Interpretation: Based on a statistically significant, clinically meaningful improvement in overall survival compared with gemcitabine and cisplatin without any new safety signals, pembrolizumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin could be a new treatment option for patients with previously untreated metastatic or unresectable biliary tract cancer