Individtilpasset førerutviklingskurs for motorsyklister

I denne oppgaven har vi valgt å lage ett produkt for å forsøke å nærme oss det overordnede mål, nemlig nullvisjonen1. Vi har laget ett produkt for motorsyklister hvor vi tar utgangspunkt i ulykkesstatistikken og de forskjellige personlighetstyper når vi legger opp innholdet i produktet. Motorsyklister er en utsatt trafikant gruppe, men vi mener at med en bedre opplæring vil deres atferd i trafikken bedres og dermed deres risiko for ulykker reduseres. Vårt kurs er ett frivillig kurs hvor deltakerne allerede har førerrett for klasse A. Motorsykkel er ett kjøretøy som krever gode tekniske ferdigheter og siden man er mer utsatt for farer, kreves det også spesielle holdninger for å kunne ferdes trygt. Vårt kurs tar utgangspunkt i at mennesker har forskjellige tilnærminger til å søke risiko. Vi har derfor forsøkt å bøte på dette med og individtilpasse kurset noe. Kurset deler utøverne inn i to grupper, nemlig de som søker høyere risiko og de som søker lavere risiko. Vi har lagt opp kurset med tanke på at det er forskjellige veiledere som skal holde det, dette vil si at det er en grad av frivillighet i hvordan man ønsker å formidle stoffet. Vi har imidlertid kommet med forslag til formidling vi finner er hensiktsmessig, bla har vi foreslått bruk av problemorientert undervisning (POU)2. Vårt utgangspunkt er at opplæringen ikke stanser ved fullført opplæring til klasse A, men at man bør være villig til hele tiden å søke læring for å redusere sin egen og andres risiko for ulykker. I lys av dette tror vi at vårt produkt kan bidra til og nå dette målet

BLI EN DEL AV GJENGEN; HVORDAN MOTIVASJONSFAKTORER KAN BIDRA TIL Å BEKJEMPE TURNOVER I HOTELLBRANSJEN.

Denne oppgaven er utarbeidet i samarbeid med et utvalg konferanse- og leisurehoteller i Oslo-området. Studiet er basert på strategier og modeller som i kontekst med vår problemstilling og våre hypoteser forsøker å belyse temaet turnover i hotellbransjen. Gruppen belyser spesifikt tematikken rundt hva som motiverer den enkelte hotellmedarbeider og hvordan hoteller jobber for å beholde kompetente medarbeidere. Oppgaven vektlegger bruk av motivasjons- og hygienefaktorer for å bekjempe den høye graden av turnover som går igjen i bransjen. Det er benyttet kvalitativ metode i gjennomføringen blant ledere på de respektive hotellavdelingene. Gruppen har valgt å benytte dybdeintervjuer for å samle inn data. Funnene fra undersøkelsen konstaterer at sosiale betingelser spiller en større rolle for de ansatte motivasjon enn tidligere antatt, og at det bør rettes et større fokus mot å sikre gode sosiale forhold på arbeidsplassen. Videre anbefales det å kontinuerlig arbeide med kompetanse- og karriereutvikling for å sikre at kompetente medarbeidere ikke slutter i sine stillinger. Det ble også oppdaget at deler av teorien kan være noe utdatert og at noen sentrale teorier om motivasjon kan ha behov for modifikasjoner

An efficient low-density grating setup for monochromatization of XUV ultrafast light sources

Ultrafast light sources have become an indispensable tool to access and understand transient phenomenon in material science. However, a simple and easy-to-implement method for harmonic selection, with high transmission efficiency and pulse duration conservation, is still a challenge. Here we showcase and compare two approaches for selecting the desired harmonic from a high harmonic generation source while achieving the above goals. The first approach is the combination of extreme ultraviolet spherical mirrors with transmission filters and the second approach uses a normal-incidence spherical grating. Both solutions target time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with photon energies in the 10-20 eV range but are relevant for other experimental techniques as well. The two approaches for harmonic selection are characterized in terms of focusing quality, efficiency, and temporal broadening. It is demonstrated that a focusing grating is able to provide much higher transmission as compared to the mirror+filter approach (3.3 times higher for 10.8 eV and 12.9 times higher for 18.1 eV), with only a slight temporal broadening (6.8% increase) and a somewhat larger spot size (∼30% increase). Overall, our study establishes an experimental perspective on the trade-off between a single grating normal incidence monochromator design and the use of filters. As such, it provides a basis for selecting the most appropriate approach in various fields where an easy-to-implement harmonic selection from high harmonic generation is needed

In Situ Exfoliation Method of Large-Area 2D Materials

2D materials provide a rich platform to study novel physical phenomena arising from quantum confinement of charge carriers. Many of these phenomena are discovered by surface sensitive techniques, such as photoemission spectroscopy, that work in ultra-high vacuum (UHV). Success in experimental studies of 2D materials, however, inherently relies on producing adsorbate-free, large-area, high-quality samples. The method that yields 2D materials of highest quality is mechanical exfoliation from bulk-grown samples. However, as this technique is traditionally performed in a dedicated environment, the transfer of samples into vacuum requires surface cleaning that might diminish the quality of the samples. In this article, a simple method for in situ exfoliation directly in UHV is reported, which yields large-area, single-layered films. Multiple metallic and semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides are exfoliated in situ onto Au, Ag, and Ge. The exfoliated flakes are found to be of sub-millimeter size with excellent crystallinity and purity, as supported by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and low-energy electron diffraction. The approach is well-suited for air-sensitive 2D materials, enabling the study of a new suite of electronic properties. In addition, the exfoliation of surface alloys and the possibility of controlling the substrate-2D material twist angle is demonstrated.</p

Survival of glioblastoma in relation to tumor location: a statistical tumor atlas of a population-based cohort

Purpose: Previous studies on the effect of tumor location on overall survival in glioblastoma have found conflicting results. Based on statistical maps, we sought to explore the effect of tumor location on overall survival in a population-based cohort of patients with glioblastoma and IDH wild-type astrocytoma WHO grade II–III with radiological necrosis. Methods: Patients were divided into three groups based on overall survival: 24 months. Statistical maps exploring differences in tumor location between these three groups were calculated from pre-treatment magnetic resonance imaging scans. Based on the results, multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to explore the possible independent effect of centrally located tumors compared to known prognostic factors by use of distance from center of the third ventricle to contrast-enhancing tumor border in centimeters as a continuous variable. Results: A total of 215 patients were included in the statistical maps. Central tumor location (corpus callosum, basal ganglia) was associated with overall survival 24 months. Increased distance from center of the third ventricle to contrast-enhancing tumor border was a positive prognostic factor for survival in elderly patients, but less so in younger patients. Conclusions: Central tumor location was associated with worse prognosis. Distance from center of the third ventricle to contrast-enhancing tumor border may be a pragmatic prognostic factor in elderly patients.publishedVersio

In-situ exfoliation method of large-area 2D materials

The success in studying 2D materials inherently relies on producing samples of large area, and high quality enough for the experimental conditions. Because their 2D nature surface sensitive techniques such as photoemission spectroscopy , tunneling microscopy and electron diffraction, that work in ultra high vacuum (UHV) environment are prime techniques that have been employed with great success in unveiling new properties of 2D materials but it requires samples to be free of adsorbates. The technique that most easily and readily yields 2dmaterials of highest quality is indubitably mechanical exfoliation from bulk grown samples, however as this technique is traditionally done in dedicated environment, the transfer of these samples into UHV setups requires some form of surface cleaning that tempers with the sample quality. In this article, we report on a simple and general method of \textit{in-situ} mechanical exfoliation directly in UHV that yields large-area single-layered films. By employing standard UHV cleaning techniques and by purpusedly exploiting the chemical affinity between the substrate and the sample we could yield large area exfoliation of transition metal dichalcogenides. Multiple transition metal dichalcogenides, both metallic and semiconducting, are exfoliated \textit{in-situ} onto Au and Ag, and Ge. Exfoliated flakes are found to be sub-milimeter size with excellent crystallinity and purity, as evidenced by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and low-energy electron diffraction. In addition, we demonstrate exfoliation of air-sensitive 2D materials and possibility of controlling the substrate-2D material twist angle

Spectroscopic Evidence for a Three-Dimensional Charge Density Wave in Kagome Superconductor CsV3_3Sb5_5

The recently discovered AV3Sb5 (A=K, Rb, Cs) family, possessing V kagome nets, has received considerable attention due to the topological electronic structure and intriguing correlated phenomena, including an exotic charge density wave (CDW) and superconductivity. Detailed electronic structure studies are essential to unravel the characteristics and origin of the CDW as well as its interplay with superconductivity. Here, we present angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements for CsV3Sb5 at multiple temperatures and photon energies to reveal the nature of the CDW from an electronic structure perspective. We present evidence for a three-dimensional (3D) CDW order. In the process we also pinpoint a surface state attributed to a Cs terminated surface. This state was previously attributed to band folding band due to a CDW along the c direction or a quantum well state from quantum confinement. The CDW expected 2-fold lattice reconstruction along c axis is observed to be a quadrupling of the unit cell, thus for the first time directly demonstrating the 3D nature of the CDW from the electronic structure perspective. Moreover, this 3D CDW configuration originates from two distinct types of distortions in adjacent kagome layers. These present results not only provide key insights into the nature of the unconventional CDW in CsV3Sb5 but also provides an important reference for further studies on the relationship between the CDW and superconductivity.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure

Exposure to a Human Relevant Mixture of Persistent Organic Pollutants or to Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid Alone Dysregulates the Developing Cerebellum of Chicken Embryo

Acknowledgements This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 722634 (http://protected.eu.com/). The authors gratefully acknowledge the Proteomics Core Facility of the University of Aberdeen for their support & assistance in this work. The sequencing service was provided by the Norwegian Sequencing Centre (www.sequencing.uio.no), a national technology platform hosted by the University of Oslo and supported by the "Functional Genomics" and "Infrastructure" programs of the Research Council of Norway and the South-eastern Regional Health Authorities.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Subsurface interactions of actinide species and microorganisms: Implications for the bioremediation of actinide-organic mixtures

We use high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to investigate the electronic structure of the antiferromagnetic heavy fermion compound CePt2In7, which is a member of the CeIn3-derived heavy fermion material family. Weak hybridization among 4f electron states and conduction bands was identified in CePt2In7 at low temperature much weaker than that in the other heavy fermion compounds like CeIrIn5 and CeRhIn5. The Ce 4f spectrum shows fine structures near the Fermi energy, reflecting the crystal electric field splitting of the 4f^1_5/2 and 4f^1_7/2 states. Also, we find that the Fermi surface has a strongly three-dimensional topology, in agreement with density-functional theory calculations.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure