Realisation of genomic selection in the honey bee

Genomische Selektion ist ein Routine-Verfahren bei verschiedenen Nutztierarten, aber noch nicht bei der Honigbiene wegen der Besonderheiten dieser Spezies. Für die Zuchtwertschätzung bei der Honigbiene ist eine spezielle genetische Verwandtschaftsmatrix erforderlich, da die Paarungsbiologie dieser Spezies ungesicherte Vaterschaft, diploide Königinnen und haploide Drohnen umfasst. Die Arbeit präsentiert einen neu-entwickelten Algorithmus zur effizienten Berechnung der Inversen der genetischen Verwandtschaftsmatrix und der Inzuchtkoeffizienten auf großen Datensätzen. Die Methode wurde zur Voraussage von genomischen und Stammbaum-basierten Zuchtwerten in einer Simulationsstudie genutzt. Die Genauigkeit und die Verzerrung der geschätzten Zuchtwerte wurden ausgewertet unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Größen der Referenzpopulation. Außerdem wurde der Zuchtfortschritt im ersten Durchlauf von Zuchtprogrammen ausgewertet, die Zuchtschemata mit genomischer oder Stammbaum-basierter Selektion nutzten. Ein erheblich größerer Zuchtfortschritt als bei Stammbaum-basierter Selektion wurde mit genomischer Vorselektion erzielt, für die junge Königinnen genotypisiert wurden, und nur die Kandidaten mit den höchsten genomischen Zuchtwerten zur Anpaarung oder Leistungsprüfung zugelassen wurden. Für einen realen Datensatz von ungefähr 3000 genotypisierten Königinnen wurden Stammbaum-basierte und genomische Zuchtwerte für sechs wirtschaftlich bedeutende Merkmale vorhergesagt. Drei Merkmale zeigten eine signifikant höhere Vorhersagegenauigkeit bei genomischer Zuchtwertschätzung gegenüber Stammbaum-basierten Verfahren und die Unterschiede zwischen allen sechs Merkmalen konnten im Wesentlichen aus den genetischen Parametern der Merkmale und der begrenzten Größe der Referenzpopulation erklärt werden. Damit zeigt die Arbeit, dass die genomische Selektion bei der Honigbiene genutzt werden kann, den Zuchtfortschritt zu erhöhen.Genomic selection is a routine practice for several important livestock species but not yet in honey bees, due to the peculiarities of this species. For honey bees, a specialized genetic relationship matrix is required for the prediction of breeding values, since their mating biology involves uncertain paternity, diploid queens, and haploid drones. The thesis presents a novel algorithm for the efficient computation of the inverse of the numerator relationship matrix and the coefficients of inbreeding on large data sets. The method was used to estimate genomic and pedigree-based breeding values in a simulation study. The accuracy and bias of the estimated breeding values were evaluated and various sizes of the reference population were considered. Subsequently, the genetic gain in the initial cycle of breeding programs was evaluated for several breeding schemes employing genomic or pedigree-based selection. A considerably higher genetic gain than with pedigree-based selection was achieved with genomic preselection, for which queens were genotyped early in life, and only the candidates of high genomic breeding value were admitted for mating or phenotyping. On a real data set of about 3000 genotyped queens, pedigree-based and genomic breeding values were predicted for six economically relevant traits. Three traits showed significantly higher prediction accuracy with genomic compared to pedigree-based methods, and the differences between all the six traits could be explained mainly from their genetic parameters and the limited size of the reference population. The results show that genomic selection can be applied in honey bees, and the thesis provides appropriate breeding schemes and mathematical methods for its implementation

Obscenity - Liquor Regulations; California v. LaRue

The state has the power to regulate the distribution of liquor and enforce health and safety regulations, but the state may not broadly stifle First Amendment freedoms when doing so. The breath of legislative abridgement must be viewed in the light of less drastic means for achieving the same basic purpose. s The Court has consistently held that only a compelling state interest in the regulation of a subject within the state\u27s constitutional power to regulate can justify limiting First Amendment freedoms

Review of Alexander Nehamas, The Art of Living: Socratic Reflections from Plato to Foucault.

Alexander Nehamas, Review of The Art of Living: Socratic Reflections from Plato to Foucault. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998. 283 pp. ISBN 0520211731

Review of Jan Assmann, Religion and Cultural Memory, trans. Rodney Livingstone.

Jan Assmann, Religion and Cultural Memory, trans. Rodney Livingstone. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006. x + 222 pp. ISBN 0804745234

Quantum Mechanical (Phase Shift) Analysis of Differential Elastic Scattering of Molecular Beams

For a spherically symmetrical intermolecular potential V(r)=ϵf(r/σ) the quantum calculation of the elastic scattering cross section dσ(Θ)/dΩ in the c.m. system is carried out as follows. For a given relative velocity (or deBroglie wavelength) and an assumed V(r), the radial wave equation is integrated for successive values of the angular momentum quantum number l, yielding the phase shifts ηι. Then dσ(Θ)dΩ is computed in terms of the series of ηι's in the standard way. A general computational program (following that of K. Smith) is outlined for the evaluation of the radial wave function and the phase shifts, utilizing an IBM 704 computer. Calculations are presented for the L‐J (12, 6) potential function. The results may be concisely represented using the framework provided by the semiclassical treatment of Ford and Wheeler, i.e., in terms of a set of reduced phase constants vs reduced angular momenta at various reduced relative kinetic energies K. Tables and graphs are presented from which the phases may be obtained, to a good approximation, for any given ϵ, σ and K. Computation of the differential and total cross sections from the phase shifts is then readily accomplished.The results are compared with the classical and semiclassical treatments. The problem of tunneling and orbiting is discussed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70444/2/JCPSA6-33-3-795-1.pd

High‐Velocity Molecular Beam Scattering: Total Elastic Cross Sections for L‐J(n, 6) and Exp‐6(α) Potentials

Explicit expressions are derived for the total elastic scattering cross sections in the high‐velocity region for molecules interacting according to L‐J (n, 6) and exp‐6(α) potentials. Cross sections are presented in tabular and graphical form.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70237/2/JCPSA6-38-2-515-1.pd

Review of Remnants of Auschwitz: The Witness and the Archive, trans. Daniel Heller-Roazen

Giorgio Agamben, Remnants of Auschwitz: The Witness and the Archive, trans. Daniel Heller-Roazen New York: Zone Books, 1999. 175 pp. ISBN 189051161265