Utilisation du diagnostic agronomique pour modeliser l'interaction, experimentation INRA/ITCF. Rapport final

*Groupe Cereales INRA ITCF Centre de Dijon (FRA) Diffusion du document : Groupe Cereales INRA ITCF Centre de Dijon (FRA)National audienc

Utilisation du diagnostic agronomique pour modeliser l'interaction, experimentation INRA/ITCF

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Quand les prix baissent: Jouer la carte des variétés rustiques

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Disease resistant cultivars associated with low input crop management systems for winter wheat : agronomic and economic evaluation from a french trial network

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CARABIOT - Comment mieux caractériser les stress abiotiques dans les réseaux d’essais variétaux

Ce volume regroupe les textes issus du programme Casdar « Semence et Sélection Variétale » finalisés en 2015, 2017 et 2019. Le numéro a été coordonné par le Comité Scientifique du Comité Technique Permanent de la Sélection des plantes cultivées (CTPS). Amélioration de la qualité des produits et de la tolérance des variétés aux stress abiotiquesInternational audienceThe objective of this project is the development of tools to help to characterize variety evaluation trials, inorder to acquire environmental co-variables describing the climate, as well as the water and nitrogenresources of these environments, at the different phases of the crop cycle. The chosen strategy is to usesimulation models available from the project partners. This project involved model developmentorganizations (INRA, IRSTEA, Technical Institutes) and potential users (GEVES, Breeders, TechnicalInstitutes). It allowed users to familiarize themselves with the use of these culture models.L’objectif de ce projet est de mettre au point des outils d'aide à la caractérisation des essais d'évaluationdes variétés, en vue de d’acquérir des co-variables environnementales décrivant aux différentes phasesdu cycle cultural le climat ainsi que les ressources en eau et en azote de ces milieux. La stratégieprivilégiée est d’utiliser des modèles de simulation disponibles chez les partenaires du projet. Ce projet,a donc associé des organismes développeurs de modèles (INRA, IRSTEA, Instituts techniques) et depotentiels utilisateurs (GEVES, Obtenteurs, Instituts techniques). Il a permis aux utilisateurs de sefamiliariser à l’utilisation de ces modèles de culture

Interaction between cultivar and crop management effects on winter wheat diseases, lodging, and yield

The breeding of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for resistance to major fungal diseases has been a priority over the last 15 years in France. During this period, integrated low-input strategies have been developed for winter wheat, to cope with falling grain prices and growing environmental concerns. We investigated the interactions between genotype and management for disease and lodging intensities, and analysed their effects on yield within an integrated crop management (CM) context. A multi-environment experimental network (13 locations, studied in three seasons, between 1999-2000 and 2001-2002) comprising several combinations of cultivars and CM systems was carried out. Four rule-based CM plans were defined, with a decrease in input level from CM1 (a high-input CM plan designed to maximise the yield of a given cultivar) to CM4 (a low-input system with no fungicide protection, no plant growth regulator applications, a sowing density 40% lower than for CM1, and 90 kg ha−1 less N fertiliser than for CM1). Cultivars were clustered into three groups (cultivar type (CT) CT1-CT3), according to their scores for resistance to diseases, for the analysis of yield, whereas the resistance cultivar rating (CR) for each disease and for lodging was considered for the analysis of disease and lodging intensities. For all diseases, CM had a significant effect (P<0.0001), with disease intensity increasing from CM1 to CM4, whereas CR had a negative effect (P<0.005). An interaction between CR and CM was also detected for all diseases (P<0.005) except eyespot. Lodging intensity decreased significantly from CM1 to CM4 (P<0.0001), and significant increases in lodging resistance score (P<0.0001) were not associated with a genotype by management interaction. Lastly, yield was significantly affected by CM (P<0.0001), CT (P<0.0003), and CM by CT interaction (P=0.0023). Cultivar ranking differed as a function of CM for yield, demonstrating that breeding programs focusing on cultivar evaluation in high-input environments do not result in the selection of cultivars suited to low-input environments