Manejo em cativeiro e biologia reprodutiva de duas espécies de Thrichomys (Rodentia: Echimyidae) provenientes do Piauí e do Mato Grosso do Sul

We analyzed life history traits (reproductive biology and postnatal development) in natural populations and in captive-breed colonies of two sibling species of the South American rodeTlt Thrichomys (Caviomorpha: Echimyidae). T pachYlfrus inhabited marshlands of Pantanal, while T apereoides laurelltius lives in very dry rocky habitats in Brazilian Caatinga. Both species are natural hosts of Trypallosoma cruzi, agent of Chagas disease and may serve as experimeutal models in various parasitological studies. We established breeding colonies of these species. They carl be easi!y maintained in the standard laboratory conditions and breed alI over the year. They do not have any special dietary demands and can be fed by standard food pelIets designed for iaboratory mice. They produce precocious offspring that have iheir eyes and ears open, teeth erupted, fur welI developed and can nibble solid food in the first week of life. Previous studies considered the genus Thrichomys as monospecific, however, more recent studies showed cromossomic, molecular and morphometrics vaíiation betwçen populations. In this study we found significant differences between the species in growth rate and several reproductive traits (litter size, body mass at birth and weaning, sexual maturation). T apereoides laurentius, living in harsh environment has a higher reproductive potential. It has larger litter size, smalIer body mass of infants and higher growth rate than T pachyurus. The females of the former species reach sexual maturation earlier and with lower body mass. These differents strategies are apparently related to their different habitats.Foram analisados parâmetros relacionados à estratégia de vida (biologia reprodutiva e crescimento pós-natal) em populações naturais e em colônias estabelecidas em cativeiro, de duas espécies de roedores sulamericanos do gênero Thrichomys (Caviomorpha: Echimyidae). T. pachyuros habita o Pantanal, enquanto T apereoides laurentius é comum em habitats rochosos na Caatinga. Ambas espécies são hospedeiros naturais de Trypanosoma cruzi, agente da doença de Chagas, e podem servir como modelos experimentais em diversos estudos parasitológicos. Foram estabelecidas colônias destas espécies. Ambas espécies são facilmente mantidas em condições de laboratório e se reproduzem durante o ano todo. Não necessitam de nenhuma dieta especial e adaptaram-se bem à ração padronizada para camundongos. Os filhotes são precoces ao nascer, possuindo olhos e ouvidos abrt0s, incisivos já expostos, corpo coberto de pêlos, e na primeira semana de vida já conseguem roer alimentos sólidos. o gênero Thrichomys foi c0nsiderado monoespecífico durante muito tempo, porém recentes estudos constataram variação cromossômica, molecular e morfométrica, entre populações. Neste estudo foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as espécies nos parâmetros de crescimento e em vários parâmetros reprodutivos (tamanho de ninhadas, peso no nascimento e no desmame, maturação sexual). T apereoides laurentius vive em um ambiente semiárido e possui um alto potencial reprodutivo. Suas ninhadas são maiores, o peso dos filhotes no nascimento é menor e a taxa de crescimento é maior do que T pachyuros. As fêmeas de T apereoides laurentius alcançam a maturidade sexual com menor idade e menor peso. Estas diferentes estratégias de cada população estão aparentemente relacionadas às diferentes pressões seletivas presentes nos seus respectivos biomas de origem

A survey of freshwater and terrestrial snails in a predominantly urban municipality of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, with emphasis on human parasites vectors

Many snail species act as intermediate hosts of helminths that transmit diseases to humans and animals, such as schistosomiasis and angiostrongyliasis. São Gonçalo, a mostly urban municipality in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, has undergone fundamental environmental impacts, which favor the establishment of a range of diseases, for which snails act as the intermediate hosts of the etiological agents. In the present study, freshwater and terrestrial snail populations were surveyed in different environments within five city districts, and the presence of helminths was determined in the collected specimens. A total of 287 individuals were collected, six species from freshwater environment, Pomacea sp. (Ampullariidae), Melanoides tuberculata (Thiaridae), Biomphalaria tenagophila (Planorbidae), Dysopeas muibum (Subulinidae), Physa marmorata, and Physa acuta (Physidae), and two from terrestrial environment, Achatina fulica (Achatinidae) and Bradybaena similaris (Bradybaenidae). Snails were found in only two districts, Centro, an urban area, and Ipiiba, a rural area. Thirteen percent of the specimens of A. fulica eliminated larvae of the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis. None of the analyzed freshwater snails contained helminths.The most abundant and frequent snails were B. tenagophila, M. tuberculataand A. fulica, and the latter two species are exotic. The disturbance and degradation of natural areas adjacent to residential zones favor the proliferation of helminths, jeopardizing the local residents health. The abundance of A. fulica and B. tenagophila in the study area reinforces the need for a continuous and systematic monitoring of the snail fauna in this region

PUBERDADE PRECOCE ASSOCIADA A TUMOR DE CÉLULAS DA GRANULOSA, EM MENINA DE 3 ANOS: RELATO DE CASO

Introdução: Os tumores ovarianos são raros na infância, sendo mais freqüentes os de origem germinativa e que se apresentam clinicamente com dor abdominal aguda ou crônica e massa pélvica. Os tumores da granulosa perfazem 4% dos tumores ovarianos na criança e, por serem produtores de esteróides, manifestam-se mais comumente como puberdade precoce isossexual. Relato de caso: Menina de 3 anos de idade, apresentando desenvolvimento das mamas e pelos, assim como aumento abdominal. Presença de massa abdominal e elevação de estradiol. Foi realizado tratamento cirúrgico com resultado de tumor de células da granulosa. Discussão: Alguns marcadores tumorais podem ser encontrados dentro da normalidade, neste tipo de tumor o Ca 125 pode estar normal, visto que não é marcador de tumores da linhagem estromal ou de células germinativas. A alfafeto-proteina neste caso se encontrava acima dos valores normais. Sempre diante de puberdade precoce isossexual atentar para a possibilidade de tumor ovariano. Conclusão: No caso que apresentamos, o manejo endocrino e oncológico permitiram o diagnóstico precoce para o sucesso do tratamento

The Team Of The Family Health Strategy And The Doctrinal Principles Of The Unified Health System: Perceptions And Applicability

Introduction: The SUS, which was guaranteed by the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 and regulated by organic laws of health, offers a system governed of doctrinal principles (universality, fairness and completeness) concerning the philosophy of the system and extend the concept of health and the right to it. On the promotion of these principles, the municipalization of health is referred to as a policy of decentralization which incorporates basic health attention, permeated by the principles of the SUS, where inserts in this context the basic health units (UBS) that are entrance doors of the population to the system. When considering that the proposals brought by the family health strategy (FHS) are great potential to restructure the welfare model and the Organization of health services, and these proposals based on the principles governing the SUS, becomes essential, inter alia, that the worker member of this team have involvement and knowledge of the project, as well as on its goals and principles governing it. Objective: Check the knowledge and promotion of doctrinal principles of the SUS by active team of FHS in the town of Juazeiro do Norte in the State of Ceará (CE), Brazil.  Method: This work deals with a transversal nature study exploratory, qualitative approach. The survey was conducted in the family health strategy of the city of Juazeiro do Norte-CE, with top level professionals (physician, nurses and dentists) who work on units during the collection period. The collection was performed through a semi structured interview and the data analyzed by means of the collective subject discourse. This study was submitted to the Ethics Committee of the College Lion Sa, having the opinion of approved (nº: 1.067.638).  Results: the results showed that the professionals have demonstrated no knowledge of, nor promote some doctrinal principles of the SUS coherently. The knowledge that they have are fragmented and incipient, and Praxis (theory combined with practice) is still far from being achieved.  Conclusion: The findings of this research show gaps as the promotion of the principles of the SUS by professionals who act. The ineffective knowledge on how SUS is organized and on what basis rests, leads to improper practices, making deployment and consolidation process.   Keywords: Doctrinal Principles of the SUS. Unified health system. The family health strategy

Seroprevalence of rodent-borne viruses in Afro-descendent communities in Brazil

During the Brazilian slavery period, many African migrants were brought to the American continent. Historically, some of these migrants escaped from the Brazilian gold mines and farms to which they had been brought and settled in remote valleys and this was the main mode of resistance to the slavery system. These runaway-slave descendant communities are called quilombos, a group with distinct ethnic identity, specific behavioral habits, including geographic isolation and conservative practices. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of rodent-borne viruses in two Afro-descendent communities from Mato Grosso do Sul State, Midwestern Brazil. A total of 319 individuals from rural and urban quilombola communities were enrolled. Twelve (3.76%) had anti-rodent-borne virus IgG antibodies. Seven (2.19%) were anti-mammarenavirus reactive and nine (2.82%) had anti-orthohantavirus antibodies. The literature includes limited data on the health status of quilombola communities, but all the studies emphasize the disparity of attention of local healthcare personnel to these communities compared to the general population. The findings of this study highlight the vulnerability and the precarious health conditions of quilombola groups, especially those living in rural areas and thus, point to the need of preventive measures to improve access to healthcare for this ethnic group

The GO-DACT protocol : a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study to compare the efficacy of golimumab in combination with methotrexate (MTX) versus MTX monotherapy

© 2001-2020 Sociedade Portuguesa de ReumatologiaThe GO-DACT is an investigator-initiated, national, multicentric randomized placebo-controlled double-blinded trial, that assesses dactylitis as primary endpoint. Psoriatic arthritis patients naïve to methotrexate and biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, with at least one active dactylitis, were assigned to golimumab in combination with methotrexate or placebo in combination with methotrexate, for 24 weeks. Both clinical (dactylitis severity score and the Leeds dactylitis index) and imaging (high resolution magnetic resonance imaging), among others, were assessed as outcomes. The main objective of GO-DACT is to provide evidence to improve the treatment algorithm and care of psoriatic arthritis patients with active dactylitis. In this manuscript we describe the GO-DACT protocol and general concepts of the methodology of this trial.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio