Augmented plasma microparticles during acute Plasmodium vivax infection

Background: In the last few years, the study of microparticles (MPs) - submicron vesicles released from cells upon activation or apoptosis - has gained growing interest in the field of inflammation and in infectious diseases. Their role in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax remains unexplored. Because acute vivax malaria has been related to pro-inflammatory responses, the main hypothesis investigated in this study was that Plasmodium vivax infection is associated with elevated levels of circulating MPs, which may play a role during acute disease in nonimmune patients. Methods: Plasma MPs were analysed among thirty-seven uncomplicated P. vivax infections from an area of unstable malaria transmission in the Brazilian Amazon. The MP phenotype was analysed by flow cytometry using the classical MP marker, annexin, and fluorochrome-labeled monoclonal antibodies against specific cell surface markers. The frequencies of plasma MPs in P. vivax patients (n = 37) were further compared to malaria-unexposed controls (n = 15) and ovarian carcinoma patients (n = 12), a known MPs-inducing disease non-related to malaria. Results: The frequencies of plasma circulating MPs were markedly increased in P. vivax patients, as compared to healthy age-matched malaria-unexposed controls. Although platelets, erythrocytes and leukocytes were the main cellular sources of MPs during vivax malaria, platelet derived-MPs (PMPs) increased in a linear fashion with the presence of fever at the time of blood collection (b = 0.06, p < 0.0001) and length of acute symptoms (b = 0.36, p < 0.0001). Finally, the results suggest that plasma levels of PMPs diminish as patient experience more episodes of clinical malaria (b = 0.07, p < 0.003). Conclusions: Abundant circulating MPs are present during acute P. vivax infection, and platelet derived-MPs may play a role on the acute inflammatory symptoms of malaria vivax

Reacción tisular inicial frente al uso de matriz dérmica acelular alogénica. Modelo experimental en animales

34 p.Las matrices dérmicas acelulares alogénicas son una alternativa al uso de injertos de tejido conectivo para el tratamiento de recesiones gingivales y mejoramiento del fenotipo gingival, ya que no necesitan de un segundo sitio quirúrgico y reducen la morbilidad asociada a ellos, logrando resultados clínicos similares, dependiendo de la capacidad que tenga este biomaterial para integrarse tisularmente a los tejidos receptores, particularmente desde este punto de vista, no existe evidencia suficiente que logre explicar su comportamiento a nivel histológico. Debido a esto, el propósito de nuestro estudio fue describir la reacción tisular inicial del tejido conectivo al usar diferentes tipos de matrices dérmicas acelulares alogénicas realizando un modelo experimental animal con 4 ratones, en los que implantamos aleatoriamente tres diferentes tipos de matrices alogénicas (AlloDerm®, OrACELL® y Neoderm®) y una esponja de gelita (control). Los 4 ratones fueron sacrificados a las dos semanas luego de su intervención, para recolectar muestras de tejido que fueron procesadas histológicamente con diferentes técnicas de tinción para evaluar la presencia de fibroblastos, colágeno y tipo de colágeno. En el cual concluimos que a las dos semanas, OrACELL® presenta una reacción tisular y repoblación celular más rápida que AlloDerm® y Neoderm®, siendo aparentemente la mejor alternativa frente al uso del gold estándar para el tratamiento de las recesiones gingivales, sin embargo, se necesita realizar un estudio experimental longitudinal que evalúe su comportamiento a largo plazo para confirmar si estos resultados tienen implicancias a nivel clínico. // ABSTRACT: Allogeneic acellular dermal matrices are an alternative to the use of connective tissue grafts for the treatment of gingival recessions and improvement of the gingival phenotype, since they do not need a second surgical site and reduce the morbidity associated with them, achieving similar clinical results, depending on the ability of this biomaterial to integrate tissues tissueally, particularly from this point of view, there is not enough evidence to explain their behavior at the histological level. Because of this, the purpose of our study was to describe the initial tissue reaction of connective tissue by using different types of allogeneic acellular dermal matrices by performing an experimental animal model with 4 mice, in which they randomly implant three different types of allogeneic matrices (AlloDerm®, OrACELL® and Neoderm®) and a gelite sponge (control). The 4 mice were sacrificed two weeks after their intervention, to collect tissue samples that were processed histologically with different staining techniques to evaluate the presence of fibroblasts, collagen, and collagen type. In which we conclude that at two weeks, OrACELL® presents a tissue reaction and cell repopulation faster than AlloDerm® and Neoderm®, being apparently the best alternative to the use of gold standard for the treatment of gingival recessions, however, a longitudinal experimental study is needed to evaluate its long-term behavior to confirm if these results have implications at the clinical level

Uso de antibióticos locales en el tratamiento de Periimplantitis: revisión narrativa

29 p.Existe una alta prevalencia de peri-implantitis asociada al aumento en el uso de implantes dentales. La evidencia disponible ha determinado que el tratamiento ideal para su manejo corresponde a acceso quirúrgico acompañado de desbridamiento mecánico, sin embargo, esta modalidad aún presenta resultados poco predecibles y la literatura no es concluyente sobre el tratamiento que presenta mejores resultados. Debido a esta problemática se han presentado diversas alternativas de terapias coadyuvantes para mejorar las tasas de éxito, donde destaca el uso de antibióticos locales, principalmente por su fácil aplicación, su mecanismo de acción y porque favorece la adherencia del paciente al tratamiento. Esta revisión narrativa pretende determinar la eficacia del uso de antibióticos locales como coadyuvante en el tratamiento de peri-implantitis en base a parámetros inflamatorios y de destrucción peri-implantar. La evidencia científica hasta ahora disponible no nos permite ser concluyentes sobre su eficacia debido a las diferencias existentes en los protocolos de tratamiento aplicado, como de parámetros clínicos evaluados, selección de pacientes y periodos de seguimiento entre los estudios analizados. Se requiere mayor investigación sobre el uso, selección y dosificación de antibióticos locales para establecer un protocolo de tratamiento que permita mejorar la predictibilidad en el manejo de peri-implantitis. // ABSTRACT: There is a high prevalence of peri-implantitis associated with the increased use of dental implants. The available evidence has determined that the ideal therapy for its management is surgical treatment accompanied by mechanical debridement. Nevertheless, this modality still shows unpredictable outcomes. Due to this issue, different alternatives of adjuvants therapies have been presented to improve the success rates, where the use of local antibiotics stands out, mainly for its easy application, action mechanism and because it facilitates patients’ adherence to the treatment. This narrative review pretended to determine the effectiveness of the use of local antibiotics as an adjuvant in the therapy of peri-implantitis, based on inflammatory and peri-implant destruction parameters. The scientific evidence available until now does not allow us to be conclusive about its effectiveness because of the existing differences in applied treatment protocol, as evaluated parameters, patients’ selection, and follow up periods between studies. More investigation is required about use, selection, and dosage of local antibiotics to establish a treatment protocol that allows to improve predictability in the management of periimplantitis

Joy leads to overconfidence, and a simple countermeasure

Overconfidence has been identified as a source of suboptimal decision making in many real-life domains, with often far-reaching consequences. This study identifies a mechanism that can cause overconfidence and demonstrates a simple, effective countermeasure in an incentive-compatible experimental study. We observed that joy induced overconfidence if the reason for joy (an unexpected gift) was u