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Challenge of Culture in Africa: From Restoration to Integration
This book was first published as a two-part essay in 1965 and 1967 in ABBIA - Cameroon Cultural Review - under the title 'Idea of Culture'. Its main argument is that indigenous Africans cultures must be the foundation on which the modern African cultural structure should be raised; the soil into which the new seed should be sown; the stem into which the new scion should be grafted; the sap that should enliven the entire organism. This culture, the object of imperialist mockery and rejected, needs rehabilitation. However, such rehabilitation of African culture cannot be a mere archaeological enterprise. It will not answer to dig up the past and live it as it was. Not only is African culture not without its imperfections, times change and African culture must adapt itself, at every turn, to the changing times. In restoring African culture, it is imperative to steer clear of two extremes: on the one hand, the imperialist arrogance which declared everything African as only fit for the scrap-heap and the dust-bin, and, on the other hand, the overly enthusiastic and rather naive tendency to laud every aspect of African culture as if it were the quintessence of human achievement
Odyssey 2 : A mission toward Neptune and Triton to test General Relativity
Odyssey 2 will be proposed in December 2010 for the next call of M3 missions
for Cosmic Vision 2015-2025. This mission, under a Phase 0 study performed by
CNES, will aim at Neptune and Triton. Two sets of objectives will be pursued.
The first one is to perform a set of gravitation experiments at the Solar
System scale. Experimental tests of gravitation have always shown good
agreement with General Relativity. There are however drivers to continue
testing General Relativity, and to do so at the largest possible scales. From a
theoretical point of view, Einstein's theory of gravitation shows
inconsistencies with a quantum description of Nature and unified theories
predict deviations from General Relativity. From an observational point of
view, as long as dark matter and dark energy are not observed through other
means than their gravitational effects, they can be considered as a
manifestation of a modification of General Relativity at cosmic scales. The
scientific objectives are to: (i) test the gravitation law at the Solar System
scale; (ii) measure the Eddington parameter; and (iii) investigate the
navigation anomalies during fly-bys. To fulfil these objectives, the following
components are to be on board the spacecraft: (i) the Gravity Advanced Package
(GAP), which is an electrostatic accelerometer to which a rotating stage is
added; (ii) radio-science; (iii) laser ranging, to improve significantly the
measure of the Eddington parameter. The second set of objectives is to enhance
our knowledge of Neptune and Triton. Several instruments dedicated to
planetology are foreseen: camera, spectrometer, dust and particle detectors,
and magnetometer. Depending on the ones kept, the mission could provide
information on the gravity field, the atmosphere and the magnetosphere of the
two bodies as well as on the surface geology of Triton and on the nature of the
planetary rings around Neptune.Comment: 61st International Astronautical Congress (Prague, Czech Republic -
September 2010), 7 page
Serum proteins electrophoresis changes in dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis, with Dirofi/aria repens and with both of them
LâĂ©lectrophorĂšse des protĂ©ines sĂ©riques sur acĂ©tate de cellulose (migration de 4 heures, bande et courbe de mĂȘme longueur) a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e sur 4 groupes de chiens: l.Non infestĂ©s. 2. InfestĂ©s par Dirofilaria immitis. 3. InfestĂ©s par Dirofilaria repens. 4. Infestation mixte. LâĂ©tude statistique des rĂ©sultats indique une augmentation significative des globulines gamma pour les groupes 2 et 4.Serum proteins electrophoresis on cellulose ace tat (four hours migration, same length for bands and curves) was carried out on four groups of dogs. Group 1 : not infected, group 2 : only infected with Dirofilaria immitis, group 3 : only infected with Dirofilaria repens and group 4 : infected with both of them. A statistic study shows that the serum globulins level rises to a significative value in groups two and four
MICROSCOPE mission analysis, requirements and expected performance
The MICROSCOPE mission aimed to test the Weak Equivalence Principle (WEP) to
a precision of . The WEP states that two bodies fall at the same rate
on a gravitational field independently of their mass or composition. In
MICROSCOPE, two masses of different compositions (titanium and platinum alloys)
are placed on a quasi-circular trajectory around the Earth. They are the
test-masses of a double accelerometer. The measurement of their accelerations
is used to extract a potential WEP violation that would occur at a frequency
defined by the motion and attitude of the satellite around the Earth. This
paper details the major drivers of the mission leading to the specification of
the major subsystems (satellite, ground segment, instrument, orbit...).
Building upon the measurement equation, we derive the objective of the test in
statistical and systematic error allocation and provide the mission's expected
error budget.Comment: References update
Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity using Optical Devices I (ASTROD I) - A class-M fundamental physics mission proposal for Cosmic Vision 2015-2025: 2010 Update
This paper on ASTROD I is based on our 2010 proposal submitted for the ESA
call for class-M mission proposals, and is a sequel and an update to our
previous paper [Experimental Astronomy 23 (2009) 491-527; designated as Paper
I] which was based on our last proposal submitted for the 2007 ESA call. In
this paper, we present our orbit selection with one Venus swing-by together
with orbit simulation. In Paper I, our orbit choice is with two Venus
swing-bys. The present choice takes shorter time (about 250 days) to reach the
opposite side of the Sun. We also present a preliminary design of the optical
bench, and elaborate on the solar physics goals with the radiation monitor
payload. We discuss telescope size, trade-offs of drag-free sensitivities,
thermal issues and present an outlook. ASTROD I is a planned interplanetary
space mission with multiple goals. The primary aims are: to test General
Relativity with an improvement in sensitivity of over 3 orders of magnitude,
improving our understanding of gravity and aiding the development of a new
quantum gravity theory; to measure key solar system parameters with increased
accuracy, advancing solar physics and our knowledge of the solar system; and to
measure the time rate of change of the gravitational constant with an order of
magnitude improvement and the anomalous Pioneer acceleration, thereby probing
dark matter and dark energy gravitationally. It is envisaged as the first in a
series of ASTROD missions. ASTROD I will consist of one spacecraft carrying a
telescope, four lasers, two event timers and a clock. Two-way, two-wavelength
laser pulse ranging will be used between the spacecraft in a solar orbit and
deep space laser stations on Earth, to achieve the ASTROD I goals.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, 1 table, based on our 2010 proposal submitted
for the ESA call for class-M mission proposals, a sequel and an update to
previous paper [Experimental Astronomy 23 (2009) 491-527] which was based on
our last proposal submitted for the 2007 ESA call, submitted to Experimental
Astronom
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Strong Neonatal IL-12 Response of Lamb Mesenteric Lymph Node Cells to R-848
International audienceabsen
MICROSCOPE mission: first results of a space test of the equivalence principle
According to the weak equivalence principle, all bodies should fall at the same rate in a gravitational field. The MICROSCOPE satellite, launched in April 2016, aims to test its validity at the 10â15 precision level, by measuring the force required to maintain two test masses (of titanium and platinum alloys) exactly in the same orbit. A nonvanishing result would correspond to a violation of the equivalence principle, or to the discovery of a new long-range force. Analysis of the first data gives ÎŽ(Ti,Pt)=[â1±9(stat)±9(syst)]Ă10â15 (1Ï statistical uncertainty) for the titanium-platinum Eötvös parameter characterizing the relative difference in their free-fall accelerations
Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity Using Optical Devices I (ASTROD I)âA class-M fundamental physics mission proposal for Cosmic Vision 2015â2025
Constitutional Law
This Part provides a vignette of French constitutional history as well as some significant features of the current regime, including information on the State and its territory, as well as up-to-date data on population and demographics.University College Dublin2019-07-02 JG: Origianally submitted with flyer only. Introduction chapter added with author's participation
Constitutional Law
This Part provides a vignette of French constitutional history as well as some significant features of the current regime, including information on the State and its territory, as well as up-to-date data on population and demographics.University College Dublin2019-07-02 JG: Origianally submitted with flyer only. Introduction chapter added with author\u27s participation
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