Nouvelle thérapeutique dans le traitement du diabète de type 2 (l'exenatide parmi les incrétino-mimétiques)

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Antimicrobial and antiradical properties of Hammada scoparia (Pomel) Iljin

Background: Hammada scoparia (Pomel) Iljin (HS), is commonly used by traditional healers in Morocco against microbial and fungal infections. We studied antimicrobial, antifungal and antiradical effects of organic extracts in vitro in order to confirm traditional utilization after phytochemical screening.Materials and methods: Aerial parts of HS have been extracted by hydro-distillation using Clevenger-type apparatus, and the chemical composition was realized by Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). The antioxidant activity has been evaluated using DPPH test, while the antimicrobial tests of HS extract were conducted on twenty-eight bacterial strains and antifungal on twelve fungal strains.Results: Chemical characterization of HS essential oils (EO) confirmed the presence of carvacrol (82,28%), p-cymene (2,52%), γ- terpinene (2,18%) and Z-caryophyllene (2,04%). Antimicrobial tests of HS extract showed a moderate antibacterial activity without antifungal effect. In addition, HS exhibited a very powerful antiradical activity with IC50 = 1,2 mg/ml compared to that of ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0,5 mg/mL) and butylated  hydroxyanisole (0,8 mg/mL).Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that HS directly inhibits the growth of microorganisms in vitro, and further validates its traditional use as an antiseptic by traditional Moroccan healers. Keywords: polyphenolics, Hammada scoparia, antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant

Lavandula pedunculata (Mill.) Cav. Aqueous Extract Antibacterial Activity Improved by the Addition of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn., Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl and Origanum compactum Benth

Lavender aqueous extracts are widely used in the Moroccan traditional medicine for their antibacterial properties. However, previous research have generally focused on investigating the antibacterial activity of lavender essential oils. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the Moroccan Lavandula pedunculata (Mill.) Cav. aqueous extract, alone, as well as in combination with extracts of other plant species known for their antibacterial activity: Salvia rosmarinus Spenn., Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl. and Origanum compactum Benth. We have tested the antibacterial activity of L. pedunculata, S. rosmarinus, S. lavandulifolia and O. compactum aqueous extracts individually and in combination against 34 strains using the agar dilution method. The combination effect was evaluated using the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC). Polyphenol and tannin contents were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and then some phenolic compounds were identified using UHPLC-MS. All the extracts displayed a large spectrum of antibacterial activity, especially against staphylococci, streptococci, Mycobacterium smegmatis and Proteus mirabilis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values reached 0.15 ± 0.00 mg/mL for Staphylococcus warneri tested with S. lavandulifolia and 0.20 ± 0.07 mg/mL for Staphylococcus epidermidis tested with L. pedunculata or S. rosmarinus. Association of the L. pedunculata extract with S. rosmarinus, S. lavandulifolia and O. compactum showed synergistic effects (FIC ≤ 1). Moreover, the association of L. pedunculata with S. lavandulifolia was active against most of the Gram-negative strains resistant to the individual extracts. Determination of polyphenol and tannin contents showed the richness of the studied plants in these compounds. Additionally, chromatographic analysis demonstrated the high presence of rosmarinic acid in all the studied plant extracts. To our knowledge, this is the first study that shows the enhancing effect of the antibacterial activity of L. pedunculata aqueous extract combined with S. rosmarinus, S. lavandulifolia and O. compactum. These results confirm the effectiveness of the plant mixtures commonly used by traditional healers in Morocco and suggest that L. pedunculata might be used as an antibacterial agent either alone or, more efficiently, in combination with S. rosmarinus, S. lavandulifolia and O. compactum

Lavandula pedunculata (Mill.) Cav. Aqueous Extract Antibacterial Activity Improved by the Addition of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn., Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl and Origanum compactum Benth

Lavender aqueous extracts are widely used in the Moroccan traditional medicine for their antibacterial properties. However, previous research have generally focused on investigating the antibacterial activity of lavender essential oils. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the Moroccan Lavandula pedunculata (Mill.) Cav. aqueous extract, alone, as well as in combination with extracts of other plant species known for their antibacterial activity: Salvia rosmarinus Spenn., Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl. and Origanum compactum Benth. We have tested the antibacterial activity of L. pedunculata, S. rosmarinus, S. lavandulifolia and O. compactum aqueous extracts individually and in combination against 34 strains using the agar dilution method. The combination effect was evaluated using the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC). Polyphenol and tannin contents were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and then some phenolic compounds were identified using UHPLC-MS. All the extracts displayed a large spectrum of antibacterial activity, especially against staphylococci, streptococci, Mycobacterium smegmatis and Proteus mirabilis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values reached 0.15 ± 0.00 mg/mL for Staphylococcus warneri tested with S. lavandulifolia and 0.20 ± 0.07 mg/mL for Staphylococcus epidermidis tested with L. pedunculata or S. rosmarinus. Association of the L. pedunculata extract with S. rosmarinus, S. lavandulifolia and O. compactum showed synergistic effects (FIC ≤ 1). Moreover, the association of L. pedunculata with S. lavandulifolia was active against most of the Gram-negative strains resistant to the individual extracts. Determination of polyphenol and tannin contents showed the richness of the studied plants in these compounds. Additionally, chromatographic analysis demonstrated the high presence of rosmarinic acid in all the studied plant extracts. To our knowledge, this is the first study that shows the enhancing effect of the antibacterial activity of L. pedunculata aqueous extract combined with S. rosmarinus, S. lavandulifolia and O. compactum. These results confirm the effectiveness of the plant mixtures commonly used by traditional healers in Morocco and suggest that L. pedunculata might be used as an antibacterial agent either alone or, more efficiently, in combination with S. rosmarinus, S. lavandulifolia and O. compactum

Overexpression of Wild-Type Human Alpha-Synuclein Causes Metabolism Abnormalities in Thy1-aSYN Transgenic Mice

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons, pathological accumulation of alpha-synuclein and motor symptoms, but also by non-motor symptoms. Metabolic abnormalities including body weight loss have been reported in patients and could precede by several years the emergence of classical motor manifestations. However, our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying body weight loss in PD is limited. The present study investigated the links between alpha-synuclein accumulation and energy metabolism in transgenic mice overexpressing Human wild-type (WT) alpha-synuclein under the Thy1 promoter (Thy1-aSYN mice). Results showed that Thy1-aSYN mice gained less body weight throughout life than WT mice, with significant difference observed from 3 months of age. Body composition analysis of 6-month-old transgenic animals showed that body mass loss was due to lower adiposity. Thy1-aSYN mice displayed lower food consumption, increased spontaneous activity, as well as a reduced energy expenditure compared to control mice. While no significant change in glucose or insulin responses were observed, Thy1-aSYN mice had significantly lower plasmatic levels of insulin and leptin than control animals. Moreover, the pathological accumulation of alpha-synuclein in the hypothalamus of 6-month-old Thy1-aSYN mice was associated with a down-regulation of the phosphorylated active form of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and of Rictor (the mTORC2 signaling pathway), known to couple hormonal signals with the maintenance of metabolic and energy homeostasis. Collectively, our results suggest that (i) metabolic alterations are an important phenotype of alpha-synuclein overexpression in mice and that (ii) impaired STAT3 activation and mTORC2 levels in the hypothalamus may underlie the disruption of feeding regulation and energy metabolism in Thy1-aSYN mice

Les maladies orphelines (la maladie de Verneuil)

Les maladies orphelines sont des maladies rares, qui touchent moins d'un cas sur deux milles habitants. On parle de maladies orphelines, parce que la recherche médicale n'est en principe ni subventionnée par les pouvoirs publics, ni financée par l'industrie pharmaceutique. Depuis 1995, les milieux associatifs se mettent en place, afin d'aider au mieux la recherche, les malades, et les familles de malades. Parmi ces maladies orphelines existe la maladie de Verneuil ou encore appelée hidrosadénite suppurée. C'est une affection chronique inflammatoire et suppurée se développant sur le territoire cutané où siègent les glandes apocrines. Le témoignage des patients atteints par cette maladie montre le parcours du combattant, depuis la découverte de la maladie, à l'instauration d'un traitement, qui est essentiellement chirurgical. La chose la plus importante à retenir est qu'il faut garder espoir...AMIENS-BU Santé (800212102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Création d'une base de données des médicaments européens comme support de l'activité de pharmacovigilance (l'XEVMPD)

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Utilisation de la toxine botulique A

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Prise en charge thérapeutique du patient dyslipidémique (la rosuvastatine parmi les statines)

Les dyslipidémies donnent lieu à des troubles du métabolisme lipidique variés selon la nature de l anomalie à laquelle elles correspondent, l augmentation des taux de LDL-C en étant un exemple. En l absence de prise en charge de ces déséquilibres, l apparition et la progression de la maladie athéroscléreuse semble inéluctable. Dans un tel contexte, l objectif du praticien est de gérer au mieux le risque cardiovasculaire alors encouru. Pour atteindre cet objectif, deux mesures sont à mettre en œuvre au niveau du patient. La première d entre elles est d ordre nutritionnel avec l élaboration d un régime alimentaire adapté, la seconde concerne la mise en place d un traitement pharmacologique à base d hypolipémiants. Parmi les classes thérapeutiques rattachées à ces derniers, celle des statines fait aujourd hui figure de référence, puisque c est à elle qu il est fait appel en première intention s il y a recours au médicament. De plus, il semble que ces molécules soient douées de propriétés autres que celles relatives au métabolisme lipidique, et pour lesquelles certains secteurs du monde médical tels que la rhumatologie pourraient y trouver un réel intérêt. En France, la rosuvastatine est la dernière statine à avoir fait son apparition sur le marché du médicament. De nombreuses études ont démontré son fort potentiel à modifier favorablement les paramètres lipidiques, tandis que d autres dites comparatives ont confirmé son efficacité supérieure face aux autres statines. Parmi ces travaux, l étude JUPITER a permis d ouvrir le débat sur une éventuelle réévaluation des indications des statines impliquant de nouveaux éléments rattachés au risque cardiovasculaire.LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF