Kinesiology And Kinematic Analysis Of Tennis Serve By Using Surface EMG And SIMI Motion – Casuistry

Úvod studie popisuje základní determinanty tenisového výkonu a charakterizujeme blíže techniku tenisové podání. Náplní výzkumu bylo provést kinematickou a kineziologickou analýzu tenisového podání. Měření jsme prováděli pomocí 3D kinematické analýzy s využitím systému Simi Motion a kineziologickou analýzu pomocí přístroje DATA LOGGER MIE, který měří povrchové napětí svalu. Cílem práce bylo propojit oba systémy a připravit ucelenou analýzu tenisového podání. Doporučení pro trenérskou praxi, která z analýzy vyplývají, by mohla vést k odstranění chyb v technice a ke zdokonalení servisu jako podstatné části tenisového výkonu.In the introduction, determinants of performance were described that characterise a tennis serve. The research, specifically examines the kinematic and kinesiology analysis of the tennis serve. Measurements were taken using 3D kinematic analysis system SIMI Motion and kinesiological analysis using DATA LOGGER MIE device. This system measures the surface tension of the muscle. The result of the work can provide appropriate advice, training quality and the subsequent coaching techniques of tennis serve which is clearly the most important tennis component

Questionnaire Method In The Diagnosis Of Fatigue Of 14 And 16 Years Old Sports Gymnasts

Many top athletes are still at risk or working with total fatigue. Therefore, sports science seeks to developan objective, sensitive and reliable method of early diagnosis of this fatigue. The aim of our study wasto analyse and compare the results of the standard psychological questionnaire and two own questionnaires,thus contributing to the development of methods of early diagnosis of the overall fatigueof adolescent top athletes.For a group of seven gymnasts aged 14 and 16 we applied a standard questionnaire (SUPSO) andour short-term fatigue questionnaire and a long-term fatigue survey.The SUPSO questionnaire, and our short-term fatigue survey, also produced one confirmed andone unresolved suspicion of overtraining. Closer signs of overload by two gymnasts have provided ourquestionnaire with long-term fatigue. This suspicion of overtraining was highlighted by a combinationof both our questionnaires. In two gymnasts with suspected overload, we examined this diagnosis bythe neurophysiological method of spectral analysis of heart rate variability (VSF). The diagnosis ofovertraining was confirmed only in one.We believe that the combination of our two modified questionnaires could be beneficial. The developmentof this subjective diagnostic method in top-sportive children as well as the use of an objectivediagnostic method of VSF analysis requires further research.Many top athletes are still at risk or working with total fatigue. Therefore, sports science seeks to develop an objective, sensitive and reliable method of early diagnosis of this fatigue. The aim of our study was to analyse and compare the results of the standard psychological questionnaire and two own questionnaires, thus contributing to the development of methods of early diagnosis of the overall fatigue of adolescent top athletes. In a group of seven gymnasts aged 14 and 16 we applied a standard questionnaire (SUPSO) and our two own questionnaires, one short-term fatigue and one long-term fatigue survey. The SUPSO questionnaire, and our short-term fatigue survey, also produced one confirmed and one unresolved suggestion of overtraining. Closer signs of overload by two gymnasts have provided our questionnaire with long-term fatigue. This suspicion of overtraining was highlighted by a combination of both our questionnaires. In two gymnasts with suspected overload, we examined this diagnosis by the neurophysiological method of spectral analysis of heart rate variability (VSF). The diagnosis of overtraining was confirmed in one. We believe that the combination of our two modified questionnaires could be beneficial. The development of this subjective diagnostic method in high level sporting children as well as the use of an objective diagnostic method of VSF analysis requires further research

Negative Training Responses During The Runners’ Career Could Cooperate in an Early Career Termination: A Case Study in Top-Level Female Runners From the Slovakian National Team

Purpose: The early drop-out in professional youth athletes is a complex and multi factors process and seems to be more common in individual sports with higher physical demands, such as the running disciplines. Also, it has previously been reported that youth female athletes presented a higher drop-out rate compared with males. The present study, therefore, investigated the causes of early-career termination and possible association with wellness and low energy availability in youth female runners. Methods: Data from four female runners (aged from 22 to 24 years) from the Slovakian national team in running disciplines who have ended their careers early were collected. A semi-structured interview was performed to explore multiple factors (advent athletics, training, regeneration, sleep, diet, health, emotions, motivation, communication, environmental pressure, coach, habits, reasons for ending an athletic career and a better relationship with the sport) and the questionnaire about wellness and low energy availability in females (LEAF-Q).   Results: The interview shows that the most common factors of early-career termination of a former runner were: an early specialization in the discipline, inadequate training dose-response (e.g., high intensity and insufficient recovery), pathological nutritional behaviour, health problems, psychological factors, and loss of motivation. The factors reported during the interview were associated with negative results of the wellness questionnaire (score 10±1.9) and with LEAF-Q (score 12±2.9). Conclusion: The study highlights the multi factors involved in early career termination. Based on the athletes’ reports, was possible to notice that the early sports specialization in running disciplines affected negatively their health, nutrition and psychological aspects, and could be triggered by higher training loads and insufficient recovery. Caution should be taken by coaches and professionals involved during the sports specialization, in order to minimize the negative impact of training routine on youth athletes and consequently avoid an early drop-out

The Load At Bipedal And Quadrupedal Walking (Pilot Study)

Práce se zabývá výsledky pilotního výzkumu, který zjišťuje rozdíly v zatížení u bipedální a kvadrupedální chůze. Šetření bylo zaměřeno na ověření vhodného metodického postupu pro měření širšího vzorku populace, stanovení vhodných rychlostí, potřebných délek měřených úseků a sklonu terénů. Z výsledků vyplynuly základní rozdíly v zatížení mezi oběma typy chůze a možnost srovnání s uznávanými doporučeními pro udržení nebo zlepšení fyzické kondice u běžné populace. Dosažené výsledky případové studie s jedním probandem byly zajímavé zejména z pohledu nárůstu množství rozdílů mezi oběma typy chůze se zvýšením rychlostí a obtížností terénu.The study deals with the results of a pilot research paper aimed at the differences of load in bipedal and quadrupedal walking. The aim of the investigation was to verify appropriate methodological procedures for measuring a wider sample of population; determining the appropriate speed; the required length of the measured sections and of terrain gradient. Consecutively we could study the fundamental differences of load intensity and work out the recommendations for maintaining or improving physical fitness of the general population. The results of the study with one proband were particularly informative in terms of differences between the two types of walking with increasing speed and level of terrain

Might Salivary Lysozyme Be An Indicator Of Prolonged Intense Training Load In Athletes? A Preliminary Study In Adolescent Male Gymnasts

Lysozyme is one of the salivary antimicrobial proteins (AMP) which act as a defence at the mucosal surface. While in adult athletes, a decrease in salivary lysozyme (SLys) levels has been reported after prolonged intense training, to our knowledge, no studies have been conducted to study the relationship between SLys levels and long-term physical activity in children or teenagers. The aim of this preliminary study was mainly to evaluate in a group of adolescent male gymnasts undergoing prolonged intense training load whether - in accordance with studies in adult athletes - there will also be a decrease in SLys and if so, whether this phenomenon will be so common that we detect it in a small group of study participants. Twelve adolescent male gymnasts aged from 15.0 ± 1.6 years of national or international performance level were recruited to participate in this study. All participants of the study had a sample of saliva taken: I. Period) after the transitional period (rest), i.e. just before the beginning of the preparatory training period. II. Period) immediately after the end of the preparatory training period that was focused on maximal strength and power development. Preparatory training period lasting 6 weeks consisted of nine 2.5-hour training units (on average) over 6 days in every week. At the same time, three times per week twice-a-day training sessions were incorporated. Intensity of the physical exercise was not determined. We found a significant decrease in SLys levels after the preparatory training period (termed as II. period) compared to its level just before the start of the training (i.e. after the rest, termed as I. period). The results of this preliminary study suggest that SLys measurements may be an indicator of prolonged training load in adolescent athletes. Although the intensity of the training load has not been determined, the national and international performance level of the gymnasts enrolled in the study allows at least a rough estimate of its level. However, with respect to some limitations of our study, larger studies on male and female adolescent athletes, applying relevant training load with monitoring of variables such as specific sports performance, physical fitness, nutrition, sleep quality, social and psychological factors, are desirable

Biomechanical And Kinesiology Aspects Of The Bicross Start Technique

Příspěvek se zabývá technikou bikrosového startu. Na základě analýzy limitujících faktorů výkonu poukazuje na start jako na jednu z nejdůležitějších fází celého bikrosového závodu. Optimální start je založen na respektování kineziologických a biomechanických zákonitostí, jimiž se v příspěvku zabýváme. Cílem studie je vytvořit teoretický základ, na němž půjde stavět empirické práce zabývající se optimalizací bikrosového startu.The paper deals with techniques of the bi-cross start. Based on the analysis of factors limiting the performance start, the paper points out that the start is the most important stage in the race. Optimum take off is based on kinesiology aspects and biomechanical patterns, which this paper looks at. The aim of this study is to establish a theoretical foundation on which will be built upon empirical work dealing with optimisation bi-cross start

Complex Approach To Monitoring Athletes In The Scope Of Overtraining Prevention

This article introduces the issue of monitoring intensively trained athletes who wish to avoid overtraining and want their training to be as effective as possible. The current definitions of overreaching and overtraining are addressed together with the summary of causes, development and prevention of such conditions. The focus of the article is on the overview of relevant diagnostic methods including the latest non-invasive biochemical methods. The complex approach to the selection of psychological and physiological methods to establish the degree of the internal load of athletes is emphasised. A three-degree concept of athlete monitoring according to the demanding and periodicity of diagnostic methods usage is presented

Cardiological Screening In Young Oncological Convalescents Before Sport Participation By Heart Rate Variability Analysis

Young convalescents after oncological treatment are at risk of toxic cardiomyopathy development. An evaluation of their capability to an exercise or sport needs examination of heart state. Goal of work: To evaluate the heart rate variability (HRV) analysis as a screening method in early diagnostics of toxic cardiomyopathy by patients after oncological chemotherapy in childhood. The study was designed as an individual correlation test of HRV parameters to echocardiographical values. Probands: 85 girls and boys after oncological treatment by doxorubicin and/or cyclophosphamid; aging 7-29 years. Heart rate (beat to beat) was monitored during 5 minutes of vertical position, and in upright position. The echocardiographical measurement was performed in a rest and after dynamic exercise. The values of the HRV parameters have no normal distribution. We found close relations of the rest ejection fraction to 3 HRV parameters – to spectral power of HF band in lying position, and to MSSD in lying and in stand-up position. Both of last HRV parameters represent above all a vagal activity. We found a close relation of after-stress ejection fraction to only one HRV parameter – to VLF/LF spectral power rate in lying position. Close relations were found in difference of the rest – after-stress EF (d-EF) to seven HRV parameters in lying position. Therefore we believe that HRV analysis, as an instrumental, timing and personal less demanding method, can be used for cardiomyopathy screening in oncological paediatric patients before exercise and sport practise.Young convalescents after oncological treatment are at risk of toxic cardiomyopathy development. An evaluation of their capability to an exercise or sport needs examination of heart state. Goal of work: To evaluate the heart rate variability (HRV) analysis as a screening method in early diagnostics of toxic cardiomyopathy by patients after oncological chemotherapy in childhood. The study was designed as an individual correlation test of HRV parameters to echocardiographical values. Probands: 85 girls and boys after oncological treatment by doxorubicin and/or cyclophosphamid; aging 7-29 years. Heart rate (beat to beat) was monitored during 5 minutes of vertical position, and in upright position. The echocardiographical measurement was performed at rest and after dynamic exercise. The values of the HRV parameters have no normal distribution. It was found that there was a close relationship of the rest ejection fraction to 3 HRV parameters – to spectral power of HF band in lying position and to MSSD in lying and in standing positions. Both of the last HRV parameters represent above all a vagal activity. It was found that there was a close relationship of after-stress ejection fraction to only one HRV parameter – to VLF/LF spectral power rate in lying position. Close associations were found in the difference of the rest – after-stress EF (d-EF) to seven HRV parameters in lying position. Therefore, it is believed that HRV analysis, as an instrumental, timing and personal less demanding method, can be used for cardiomyopathy screening in oncological paediatric patients before exercise and sport practise

The Comparison of Running Economy by Oxygen Uptake in Long Distance Runners on Asphalt, Cinder and Tartan

Cílem této studie bylo porovnat ekonomiku běhu (pomocí příjmu kyslíku) u vytrvalostních běžců na třech různých površích (asfalt, škvára a tartan). Na studii se podílelo třicet českých vytrvalců (věk: 25,1±4,3 let, výška: 183,2±7,4 cm, hmotnost: 72,4±6,0 kg, BMI: 22,5±1,4 a VO2max: 65,8±5,2 ml∙min∙kg-1). Příjem kyslíku jsme měřili bezdrátovým analyzátorem vzduchu Oxygen Mobile (Viasys) na každém povrchu u následujících rychlostí: 10, 12, 14 a 16 km∙h-1. Rozdíly příjmu kyslíku byly hodnoceny za použití parametrické analýzy rozptylu (ANOVA) opakovaných měřeních a následného post- hoc Tukeyho HSD testu. Našli jsme signifikantní rozdíly mezi asfaltem a škvárou u 12, 14 a 16 km∙h-1. A dále mezi tartanem a škvárou při rychlosti 12 km∙h-1. Na tartanu byly zaznamenány hodnoty příjmu kyslíku při rychlosti 10 km∙h-1: 35,2±2,8 ml∙min∙kg-1; 12 km∙h-1: 41,0±3,4 ml∙min∙kg-1; 14 km∙h1: 47,8±4,2 ml∙min∙kg-1a 16 km∙h-1: 54,2±4,9 ml∙min∙kg-1; na škváře při rychlosti 10 km∙h-1: 36,2±3,6 ml∙min∙kg-1; 12 km∙h-1: 42,5±3,9 ml∙min∙kg-1; 14 km∙h-1: 49,5±5,4 ml∙min∙kg-1a 16 km∙h-1: 56,1±6,8 ml∙min∙kg-1a na asfaltu při rychlosti 10 km∙h-1: 35,0±3,7 ml∙min∙kg-1; 12 km∙h-1: 39,8±4,0 ml∙min∙kg-1; 14 km∙h-1: 46,3±5,1 ml∙min∙kg-1a 16 km∙h-1:53,5±4,8 ml∙min∙kg-1. Nejnižší hodnoty příjmu kyslíku byly zaznamenány na asfaltu. Asfalt je pravděpodobně nejvýhodnější povrch z pohledu příjmu kyslíku, resp. energetické náročnosti pro běžce.The purpose of this study was to compare running economy (by oxygen consumption) in long distance runners on three different surfaces (asphalt, cinder and tartan). Thirty Czech long-distance runners (age: 25.1±4.3 years, height: 183.2±7.4 cm, body mass: 72.4±6.0 kg, BMI: 22.5±1.4 and VO2 max: 65.8±5.2 ml∙min∙kg-1) participated in this study. We measured oxygen uptake by wireless, portable cardiopulmonary stress testing system (Oxygen Mobile, Viasys) on each surface during running speeds: 10, 12, 14 and 16 km∙h-1. Differences of oxygen uptake were assessed statistically using parametric ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey HSD test. We found significant differences between asphalt and cinder for 12, 14 and 16 km∙h-1. Differences of average values of oxygen uptake on tartan at 10 km∙h-1:35.2±2.8 ml∙min∙kg-1; 12 km∙h-1: 41.0±3.4 ml∙min∙kg-1; 14 km∙h-1: 47.8±4.2 ml∙min∙kg-1a 16 km∙h-1: 54.2±4.9 ml∙min∙kg-1; on cinder at 10 km∙h-1: 36.2±3.6 ml∙min∙kg-1; 12 km∙h-1: 42.5±3.9 ml∙min∙kg-1; 14 km∙h-1: 49.5±5.4 ml∙min∙kg-1a 16 km∙h-1: 56.1±6.8 ml∙min∙kg-1 and on asphalt at 10 km∙h-1: 35.0±3.7 ml∙min∙- kg-1; 12 km∙h-1: 39.8±4.0 ml∙min∙kg-1; 14 km∙h-1: 46.3±5.1 ml∙min∙kg-1a 16 km∙h-1 : 53.5±4.8 ml∙min∙kg-1. The lowest values of oxygen uptake was found on asphalt surface. The asphalt is probably the most favourable surface according to energetic aspect

Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology

Proceedings of the 12th Conference of Sport and Quality of Life 2019 gatheres submissions of participants of the conference. Every submission is the result of positive evaluation by reviewers from the corresponding field. Conference is divided into sections – Analysis of human movement; Sport training, nutrition and regeneration; Sport and social sciences; Active ageing and sarcopenia; Strength and conditioning training; section for PhD students