13 research outputs found

    Intervenire per potenziare le competenze linguistiche nella scuola dell\u2019Infanzia

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    \uc8 oramai consolidato che l\u2019apprendimento delle abilit\ue0 di letto-scrittura affondi le proprie radici nel periodo prescolare, prima che i bambini siano esposti all\u2019insegnamento formale di queste competenze. Durante la scuola dell\u2019infanzia lo sviluppo delle competenze di linguaggio orale contribuisce in maniera significativa alla successiva acquisizione delle capacit\ue0 di lettura e scrittura, coinvolgendo diversi domini. L\u2019apprendimento di queste competenze si sviluppa a partire da un insieme di prerequisiti fondamentali senza i quali non potrebbe strutturarsi regolarmente. Tali prerequisiti rappresentano le acquisizioni essenziali del periodo prescolare e preparano il terreno per il fiorire della lettura, della scrittura e della comprensione

    Mathematical skills: intergenerational features and relationships with cognitive and linguistic abilities

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    This thesis aimed to investigate the cognitive underpinnings of math skills, with particular reference to cognitive, and linguistic markers, core mechanisms of number processing and environmental variables. In particular, the issue of intergenerational transmission of math skills has been deepened, comparing parents’ and children’s basic and formal math abilities. This pattern of relationships amongst these has been considered in two different age ranges, preschool and primary school children. In the first chapter, a general introduction on mathematical skills is offered, with a description of some seminal works up to recent studies and latest findings. The first chapter concludes with a review of studies about the influence of environmental variables. In particular, a review of studies about home numeracy and intergenerational transmission is examined. The first study analyzed the relationship between mathematical skills of children attending primary school and those of their mothers. The objective of this study was to understand the influence of mothers' math abilities on those of their children. In the second study, the relationship between parents’ and children numerical processing has been examined in a sample of preschool children. The goal was to understand how mathematical skills of parents were relevant for the development of the numerical skills of children, taking into account children’s cognitive and linguistic skills as well as the role of home numeracy. The third study had the objective of investigating whether the verbal and nonverbal cognitive skills presumed to underlie arithmetic are also related to reading. Primary school children were administered measures of reading and arithmetic to understand the relationships between these two abilities and testing for possible shared cognitive markers. Finally, in the general discussion a summary of main findings across the study is presented, together with clinical and theoretical implications

    Prerequisiti dell'abilit\ue0 matematica

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    Il modello piagetiano \ue8 stato per anni molto influente nel panorama scientifico della psicologia dello sviluppo in generale e, per quanto ci concerne, anche nell'ambito dello sviluppo della cognizione numerica: esso, nella sua lettura pi\uf9 rigida, sostiene che l'acquisizione delle prime vere e proprie competenze numeriche sia subordinata allo sviluppo che caratterizza l'intelligenza generale nel passaggio dallo stadio preoperatorio allo stadio operatorio concreto, che avviene verso i 6-7 anni. Prima di questo cambiamento, i bambini utilizzerebbero i numeri senza comprenderne realmente il significato. Questa concezione \ue8 stata ampiamente superata, grazie all\u2019apporto di nuove teorie e ricerche che hanno mostrato il carattere innato della capacit\ue0 di comprendere il mondo in termini quantitativi e numerici

    Intergenerational Features of Math Skills: Symbolic and Non-Symbolic Magnitude Comparison and Written Calculation in Mothers and Children

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    In this article, we analyze symbolic and non-symbolic numerical abilities of parents in order to understand whether these are predictors of children\u2019s numerical skills, considering basic symbolic, non-symbolic, and formal math skills (i.e., written calculation). A battery of cognitive and math tasks was administered to a sample of 83 children with established formal school experience (i.e., fourth and fifth grade students), and to their mothers. Correlational and regression analyses were performed. The results evidenced significant relationships between children\u2019s and mothers\u2019 symbolic and math skills, but children\u2019s symbolic comparison skills were the most significant predictor of their math skills. The study suggests that the intergenerational features of math skills play a significant role in children\u2019s numerical development but that children\u2019s math skills ultimately depend mainly on their own numerical processing. Within an educational perspective, the development of symbolic number skills in children is crucial and might allow the constraints of intergenerational transmission of math skills to be reduced

    I genitori contano...allo stesso modo dei loro figli? Uno studio sulla relazione tra abilit\ue0 di calcolo in genitori e figli

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    Nell'ambito matematico sono stati ampiamente studiati gli indicatori emotivi dei genitori correlati al funzionamento cognitivo dei bambini, tuttavia sono ancora scarsi gli studi sul broader phenotype applicato alle abilit\ue0 matematiche. Obiettivo dello studio \ue8 quello di analizzare la relazione tra competenze matematiche e di elaborazione numerica in genitori e figli. Si tratta di uno studio pilota condotto su un campione di 50 bambini frequentanti la classe quarta della scuola primaria e 50 genitori (madri) a cui sono stati somministrati test cognitivi e prove di natura numerica, riferite al number sense e alle competenze di calcolo aritmetico. I risultati emersi suggeriscono che l\u2019abilit\ue0 di confronto di quantit\ue0 di genitori e figli sono correlate in misura maggiore rispetto a quanto lo siano le competenze di calcolo. Verranno inoltre discussi i risultati relativi a variabili contestuali quali lo status-socioeconomico e le possibili implicazioni per la ricerca e l\u2019ambito educativo

    Prerequisiti dell\u2019abilit\ue0 matematica: un confronto tra due interventi con bambini a rischio di sviluppare difficolt\ue0 di calcolo

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    Studi recenti suggeriscono che la conoscenza dei numeri arabici, piuttosto che le competenze non- simboliche della cognizione numerica, \ue8 una variabile chiave nel predire lo sviluppo dell\u2019abilit\ue0 matematica (G\uf6bel et al., 2014). Questo studio indaga gli effetti di due tipologie di intervento per bambini in et\ue0 prescolare a rischio di sviluppare difficolt\ue0 in matematica: uno che potenzia conoscenza e uso del codice arabico e l\u2019altro che lavora sugli aspetti quantitativi non-simbolici. A seguito di uno screening che ha coinvolto 600 bambini di 4 anni, sono stati selezionati 72 bambini a rischio e 121 controlli con buone competenze di pre-matematica. I bambini a rischio hanno svolto un intervento di tipo simbolico, non-simbolico, oppure nessun intervento. Verranno presentati i risultati preliminari degli effetti dei due tipi di intervento su competenze simboliche (es.,lettura cifre) e non- simboliche (es., confronto quantit\ue0) valutate alla fine della scuola dell\u2019infanzia. Si discuter\ue0 inoltre dei risultati attesi alla scuola primaria

    Early Literacy and Numeracy Skills in Bilingual Minority Children: Toward a Relative Independence of Linguistic and Numerical Processing

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    Many studies have suggested that the concept of “number” is relatively independent from linguistic skills, although an increasing number of studies suggest that language abilities may play a pivotal role in the development of arithmetic skills. The condition of bilingualism can offer a unique perspective into the role of linguistic competence in numerical development. The present study was aimed at evaluating the relationship between language skills and early numeracy through a multilevel investigation in monolingual and bilingual minority children attending preschool. The sample included 156 preschool children. Of these, 77 were bilingual minority children (mean age = 58.27, sd: 5.90), and 79 were monolinguals (mean age = 58.45sd: 6.03). The study focused on three levels of analysis: group differences in language and number skills, concurrent linguistic predictors of early numeracy and, finally, profile analysis of linguistic skills in children with impaired vs. adequate numeracy skills. The results showed that, apart from the expected differences in linguistic measures, bilinguals differed from monolinguals in numerical skills with a verbal component, such as semantic knowledge of digits, but they did not differ in a pure non-verbal component such as quantity comparison. The multigroup structural equation model indicated that letter knowledge was a significant predictor of the verbal component of numeracy for both groups. Phonological awareness was a significant predictor of numeracy skills only in the monolingual group. Profile analysis showed that children with a selective weakness in the non-verbal component of numeracy had fully adequate verbal skills. Results from the present study suggest that only some specific components of language competence predict numerical processing, although linguistic proficiency may not be a prerequisite for developing adequate early numeracy skills
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