The effects of deviate internal representations in the optimal model of the human operator

Some of the issues and equations involved in predicting closed-loop man machine performance for situations in which the human operators' knowledge of the system and/or environment are imperfect are presented and discussed. Several examples to demonstrate some of the effects to be expected when such is the case are then given

Whatever Happened to Home Movies? Self-representation from Family Archives to Online Algorithms

Home movies are cultural acts and artifacts that have much to teach us about the way we use media technologies to situate ourselves in contemporary and past cultures, and how we use them to store and reshape our images of self, family and community. Archives of personal, family, or community media have always been rich and complex, albeit relatively bound sites of analysis, however when we now upload personal media to video sharing platforms we subject them not only to new economies of scale, but of meaning and audience as well. The prolific use of platforms such as YouTube and TikTok now requires us to take stock of how systems of producing, organizing, and circulating self-made media are impacted by corporate profit motives and backend functionalities. The capacities and uses of digital recording technologies and online file sharing platforms have complicated the status of the category of home movies and necessitate a revision to the analytical frameworks that several scholars of Cinema and Media Studies have offered in the past. Through a discussion of several user-produced media texts on video sharing platforms, I aim to elucidate the ways in which the platform is now apparatus that structures new social and affective relations and how we conceive of and represent our personal worlds, drawing attention to how capital flows through these systems, commodifying images, affect, gestures, expression, movement, sounds, and desire, and how and where existing social biases are reproduced or challenged.&nbsp

Disaster Planning for Vulnerable Populations: Leveraging Community Human Service Organizations Direct Service Delivery Personnel

Given the variability, complexities, and available resources for local vulnerable populations, it is clear that preparing effectively for catastrophic events cannot be accomplished with a single, simple template. Inclusion of Community Human Service Organizations’ (CHSO’s) direct service delivery personnel ensures that emergency disaster planning efforts for vulnerable populations are effective and responsive to unique needs and constraints. By leveraging existing local resources, it extends the preparedness system’s reach to the whole community

Emergency Preparedness Training for Hospital Nursing Staff, New York City, 2012–2016

Purpose Many nurses are trained inadequately in emergency preparedness (EP), preventing them from effectively executing response roles during disasters, such as chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive (CBRNE) events. Nurses also indicate lacking confidence in their abilities to perform EP activities. The purpose of this article is to describe the phased development of, and delivery strategies for, a CBRNE curriculum to enhance EP among nursing professionals. The New York City (NYC) Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) and the National Center for Disaster Preparedness at Columbia University's Earth Institute led the initiative. Methods Curriculum development included four phases. In Phases I and II, nursing staff at 20 participating NYC hospitals conducted 7,177 surveys and participated in 20 focus groups to identify training gaps in EP. In Phase III, investigators developed and later refined the CBRNE curriculum based on gaps identified. In Phase IV, 22 nurse educators (representing 7 of the original 20 participating hospitals) completed train‐the‐trainer sessions. Of these nurse educators, three were evaluated on their ability to train other nurses using the curriculum, which investigators finalized. Findings The CBRNE curriculum included six modules, a just‐in‐time training, and an online annual refresher course that addressed EP gaps identified in surveys and focus groups. Among the 11 nurses who were trained by three nurse educators during a pilot training, participant knowledge of CBRNE events and response roles increased from an average of 54% (range 45%–75%) on the pre‐test to 89% (range 80%–90%) on the posttest. Conclusions By participating in nursing CBRNE training, nurses increased their knowledge of and preparedness to respond to disasters. The train‐the‐trainer curriculum is easily adaptable to meet the needs of other healthcare settings. Clinical Relevance The CBRNE curriculum can be used to train nurses to better prepare for and more effectively respond to disasters

Ocean ensemble forecasting. Part II: Mediterranean Forecast System response

This article analyzes the ocean forecast response to surface vector wind (SVW) distributions generated by a Bayesian hierarchical model (BHM) developed in Part I of this series. A new method for ocean ensemble forecasting (OEF), the socalled BHM-SVW-OEF, is described. BHM-SVW realizations are used to produce and force perturbations in the ocean state during 14 day analysis and 10 day forecast cycles of the Mediterranean Forecast System (MFS). The BHM-SVW-OEF ocean response spread is amplified at the mesoscales and in the pycnocline of the eddy field. The new method is compared with an ensemble response forced by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ensemble prediction system (EEPS) surface winds, and with an ensemble forecast started from perturbed initial conditions derived froman ad hoc thermocline intensified random perturbation (TIRP) method. The EEPS-OEF shows spread on basin scales while the TIRP-OEF response is mesoscale-intensified as in the BHM-SVW-OEF response. TIRP-OEF perturbations fill more of the MFS domain, while the BHM-SVW-OEF perturbations are more location-specific, concentrating ensemble spread at the sites where the ocean-model response to uncertainty in the surface wind forcing is largest