Авторське право для бібліотекарів:

У підручнику «Авторське право для бібліотекарів», розробленому Центром Беркмана для Інтернету та cуспільства при Гарвардському університеті у співпраці з Міжнародною фундацією «Електронна інформація для бібліотек» (eIFL.net), розглядаються базові питання законодавства про авторське право різних країн світу, основні аспекти авторського права, що стосуються бібліотечної діяльності та напрями розвитку авторського права у контексті інформаційно-бібліотечної діяльності. Переклад і видання підручника «Авторське право для бібліотекарів» здійснено Громадською організацією «Асоціація «Інформатіо-Консорціум» за підтримки Відділу преси, освіти та к ультури Посольства США в Україні. Точка зору, відображена у даному виданні, може не співпадати з офіційною позицією уряду США

Mobilization for change : the role of the networked public sphere in advancing civic participation and collective action in the Arab region; final technical report

The theory of the Networked Public Sphere draws on the premise that digital technologies have the potential to reduce costs and risks of individual’s participation in civic life and may facilitate individual motives for civic participation. The project has furthered growth of Access to Knowledge for Development’s (A2K4D) research relationships with partners in the U.S., Brazil, China, India and South Africa, as well as creation of a network of researchers at Berkman, A2K4D and in Tunisia at the Arab Policy Institute and Innova Tunisia. Focus is given to understanding opportunities and limitations of civic engagement in polarized digital environments

Unbundling in Current Broadband and Next-Generation Ultra-Broadband Access Networks

This article overviews the methods that are currently under investigation for implementing multi-operator open-access/shared-access techniques in next-generation access ultra-broadband architectures, starting from the traditional "unbundling-of-the-local-loop" techniques implemented in legacy twisted-pair digital subscriber line access networks. A straightforward replication of these copper-based unbundling-of-the-local-loop techniques is usually not feasible on next-generation access networks, including fiber-to-the-home point-to-multipoint passive optical networks. To investigate this issue, the article first gives a concise description of traditional copper-based unbundling-of-the-local-loop solutions, then focalizes on both next-generation access hybrid fiber-copper digital subscriber line fiber-to-the-cabinet scenarios and on fiber to the home by accounting for the mix of regulatory and technological reasons driving the next-generation access migration path, focusing mostly on the European situation. © 2014 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Impact of spouse caregiving on health behaviors and physical and mental health status

The impact of caring for a spouse with a progressive dementia on caregiver's health behaviors and health status was examined. Data collected from 44 spouse caregivers indicates that: • Providing full-time care interferes with preventive health behaviors (eating nutritiously, exercising) and contributes to high risk behaviors (overeating, alcohol and substance use); • Health behaviors are frequently used as coping strategies; • Caregivers rated their own health as poorer than their spouse's health; and • Disabling (arthritis, cardiac and back problems) and stress-related health problems (migraines, colitis) are a consequence of and interfere with care provision.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68204/2/10.1177_153331759400900105.pd

The Prevalence of Chronic Diseases among Migrants in Korea According to Their Length of Stay and Residential Status

Background: Migrant health is becoming public health issues, as the migrant populations are increasing and their length of stayis prolonged. This study aims to analyze the differences in prevalence of chronic diseases among migrants according to length ofstay and residential status.Methods: An initial population pool were 3,024 who were assessed with health screening programs by Migrant Health Association.2,459 migrants were selected for final analysis. Via Stata 10 we conducted univariate logistic regression analysis to examine theeffects of their length of stay and residential status on the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. In thefinal analysis, the result of each sex was adjusted for age, nationality, length of stay, and residential status via multiple logisticregression analysis.Results: Longer length of stay tends to increase the prevalence of hypertension in male; 4-6 year stay-duration groupdemonstrated statistically significant excess compared to 1 year or less stay-duration group (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.39;confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.92). After adjustment, male migrants stayed more than 7 year showed considerably higherdyslipidemia than male migrants stayed less than 1 year (adjusted OR, 1.95; CI, 1.05 to 3.64). Compared to the group with 1 yearor less stay-duration, the prevalence of obesity in male was significantly higher among 4-6 year (adjusted OR, 1.65; CI, 1.17 to 2.32)and 7 year or more stay-duration group (adjusted OR, 1.65; CI, 1.11 to 2.45).Conclusion: Longer length of stay correlated to higher prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity among somepopulation of migrants. So more researches and new developing policies are needed for this problem.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2012-01/102/0000052039/7SEQ:7PERF_CD:SNU2012-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000052039ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A077862DEPT_CD:801CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:52 The Prevalence of Chronic Diseases among Migrants in Korea According.pdfDEPT_NM:의학과EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:NCONFIRM:

Cardiovascular inflammation in healthy women: multilevel associations with state-level prosperity, productivity and income inequality

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cardiovascular inflammation is a key contributor to the development of atherosclerosis and the prediction of cardiovascular events among healthy women. An emerging literature suggests biomarkers of inflammation vary by geography of residence at the state-level, and are associated with individual-level socioeconomic status. Associations between cardiovascular inflammation and state-level socioeconomic conditions have not been evaluated. The study objective is to estimate whether there are independent associations between state-level socioeconomic conditions and individual-level biomarkers of inflammation, in excess of individual-level income and clinical covariates among healthy women.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The authors examined cross-sectional multilevel associations among state-level socioeconomic conditions, individual-level income, and biomarkers of inflammation among women (n = 26,029) in the Women's Health Study, a nation-wide cohort of healthy women free of cardiovascular diseases at enrollment. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and fibrinogen were measured between 1993 and 1996. Biomarker levels were examined among women within quartiles of state-level socioeconomic conditions and within categories of individual-level income.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The authors found that favorable state-level socioeconomic conditions were correlated with lower hsCRP, in excess of individual-level income (e.g. state-level real per capital gross domestic product fixed effect standardized Βeta coefficient [Std B] -0.03, 95% CI -0.05, -0.004). Individual-level income was more closely associated with sICAM-1 (Std B -0.04, 95% CI -0.06, -0.03) and fibrinogen (Std B -0.05, 95% CI -0.06, -0.03) than state-level conditions.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We found associations between state-level socioeconomic conditions and hsCRP among healthy women. Personal household income was more closely associated with sICAM-1 and fibrinogen than state-level socioeconomic conditions. Additional research should examine these associations in other cohorts, and investigate what more-advantaged states do differently than less-advantaged states that may influence levels of cardiovascular inflammation among healthy women.</p

Determinants of cognitive function in childhood: A cohort study in a middle income context

BACKGROUND: There is evidence that poverty, health and nutrition affect children's cognitive development. This study aimed to examine the relative contributions of both proximal and distal risk factors on child cognitive development, by breaking down the possible causal pathways through which poverty affects cognition. METHODS: This cohort study collected data on family socioeconomic status, household and neighbourhood environmental conditions, child health and nutritional status, psychosocial stimulation and nursery school attendance. The effect of these on Wechsler Pre-School and Primary Scale of Intelligence scores at five years of age was investigated using a multivariable hierarchical analysis, guided by the proposed conceptual framework. RESULTS: Unfavourable socioeconomic conditions, poorly educated mother, absent father, poor sanitary conditions at home and in the neighbourhood and low birth weight were negatively associated with cognitive performance at five years of age, while strong positive associations were found with high levels of domestic stimulation and nursery school attendance. CONCLUSION: Children's cognitive development in urban contexts in developing countries could be substantially increased by interventions promoting early psychosocial stimulation and preschool experience, together with efforts to prevent low birth weight and promote adequate nutritional status