2,047 research outputs found
Role of the unique N-terminal domain of CtBP2 in determining the subcellular localisation of CtBP family proteins
BACKGROUND: CtBP1 and CtBP2 are transcriptional co-repressors that modulate the activity of a large number of transcriptional repressors via the recruitment of chromatin modifiers. Many CtBP-regulated proteins are involved in pathways associated with tumorigenesis, including TGF-beta and Wnt signalling pathways and cell cycle regulators such as RB/p130 and HDM2, as well as adenovirus E1A. CtBP1 and CtBP2 are highly similar proteins, although evidence is emerging that their activity can be differentially regulated, particularly through the control of their subcellular localisation. CtBP2s from diverse species contain a unique N-terminus, absent in CtBP1 that plays a key role in controlling the nuclear-cytoplasmic distribution of the protein.RESULTS: Here we show that amino acids (a.a.) 4-14 of CtBP2 direct CtBP2 into an almost exclusively nuclear distribution in cell lines of diverse origins. Whilst this sequence contains similarity to known nuclear localisation motifs, it cannot drive nuclear localisation of a heterologous protein, but rather has been shown to function as a p300 acetyltransferase-dependent nuclear retention sequence. Here we define the region of CtBP2 required to co-operate with a.a. 4-14 to promote CtBP2 nuclear accumulation as being within a.a. 1-119. In addition, we show that a.a. 120-445 of CtBP2 can also promote CtBP2 nuclear accumulation, independently of a.a. 4-14. Finally, CtBP1 and CtBP2 can form heterodimers, and we show that the interaction with CtBP2 is one mechanism whereby CtBP1 can be recruited to the nucleus.CONCLUSION: Together, these findings represent key distinctions in the regulation of the functions of CtBP family members that may have important implications as to their roles in development, and cell differentiation and survival.<br/
Momentum modes of M5-branes in a 2d space
We study M5 branes by considering the selfdual strings parallel to a plane.
With the internal oscillation frozen, each selfdual string gives a 5d SYM
field. All selfdual strings together give a 6d field with 5 scalars, 3 gauge
degrees of freedom and 8 fermionic degrees of freedom in adjoint representation
of U(N). Selfdual strings with the same orientation have the SYM-type
interaction. For selfdual strings with the different orientations, which could
also be taken as the unparallel momentum modes of the 6d field on that plane or
the (p,q) (r,s) strings on D3 with (p,q)\neq (r,s), the [i,j]+[j,k]\rightarrow
[i,k] relation is not valid, so the coupling cannot be written in terms of the
standard N \times N matrix multiplication. 3-string junction, which is the
bound state of the unparallel [i,j] [j,k] selfdual strings, may play a role
here.Comment: 37 pages, 5 figures, to appear in JHEP; v2: reference adde
Extended Superconformal Galilean Symmetry in Chern-Simons Matter Systems
We study the nonrelativistic limit of the supersymmetric Chern-Simons
matter system. We show that in addition to Galilean invariance the model admits
a set of symmetries generated by fermionic charges, which can be interpreted as
an {\it extended Galilean supersymmetry }. The system also possesses a hidden
conformal invariance and then the full group of symmetries is the {\it extended
superconformal Galilean} group. We also show that imposing extended
superconformal Galilean symmetry determines the values of the coupling
constants in such a way that their values in the bosonic sector agree with the
values of Jackiw and Pi for which self-dual equation exist. We finally analyze
the second quantized version of the model and the two-particle sector.Comment: 32 double-spaced page
On the Development of Catalytic Carba-6π Electrocyclizations
Hexatriene substrates substituted in the 2-position with carbonyl groups were studied in the context of catalytic 6π electrocyclizations. The nature of the carbonyl group and the substitution pattern on the hexatriene have significant effects on the ability of these substrates to succumb to catalysis. A novel 2-formyl hexatriene dimerization was observed. The first example of a catalytic asymmetric carba-6π electrocyclization is reported along with the discovery of an unusual kinetic resolution via a catalytic photochemical electrocyclic ring-opening
Complete Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics of Magnetic Monopoles in N=4 SYM Theory
We find the most general low energy dynamics of 1/2 BPS monopoles in the N=4
supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories (SYM) when all six adjoint Higgs expectation
values are turned on. When only one Higgs is turned on, the Lagrangian is
purely kinetic. When all six are turned on, however, this moduli space dynamics
is augmented by five independent potential terms, each in the form of half the
squared norm of a Killing vector field on the moduli space. A generic
stationary configuration of the monopoles can be interpreted as stable non BPS
dyons, previously found as non-planar string webs connecting D3-branes. The
supersymmetric extension is also found explicitly, and gives the complete
quantum mechanics of monopoles in N=4 SYM theory. We explore its supersymmetry
algebra.Comment: Errors in the SUSY algebra corrected. The version to appear in PR
Spin-lattice instability to a fractional magnetization state in the spinel HgCr2O4
Magnetic systems are fertile ground for the emergence of exotic states when
the magnetic interactions cannot be satisfied simultaneously due to the
topology of the lattice - a situation known as geometrical frustration.
Spinels, AB2O4, can realize the most highly frustrated network of
corner-sharing tetrahedra. Several novel states have been discovered in
spinels, such as composite spin clusters and novel charge-ordered states. Here
we use neutron and synchrotron X-ray scattering to characterize the fractional
magnetization state of HgCr2O4 under an external magnetic field, H. When the
field is applied in its Neel ground state, a phase transition occurs at H ~ 10
Tesla at which each tetrahedron changes from a canted Neel state to a
fractional spin state with the total spin, Stet, of S/2 and the lattice
undergoes orthorhombic to cubic symmetry change. Our results provide the
microscopic one-to-one correspondence between the spin state and the lattice
distortion
Insulin clearance and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in Hispanics and African Americans: the IRAS Family Study.
ObjectiveWe aimed to identify factors that are independently associated with the metabolic clearance rate of insulin (MCRI) and to examine the association of MCRI with incident type 2 diabetes in nondiabetic Hispanics and African Americans.Research design and methodsWe investigated 1,116 participants in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) Family Study with baseline examinations from 2000 to 2002 and follow-up examinations from 2005 to 2006. Insulin sensitivity (S(I)), acute insulin response (AIR), and MCRI were determined at baseline from frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests. MCRI was calculated as the ratio of the insulin dose over the incremental area under the curve of insulin. Incident diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL or antidiabetic medication use by self-report.ResultsWe observed that S(I) and HDL cholesterol were independent positive correlates of MCRI, whereas fasting insulin, fasting glucose, subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, and AIR were independent negative correlates (all P < 0.05) at baseline. After 5 years of follow-up, 71 (6.4%) participants developed type 2 diabetes. Lower MCRI was associated with a higher risk of incident diabetes after adjusting for demographics, lifestyle factors, HDL cholesterol, indexes of obesity and adiposity, and insulin secretion (odds ratio 2.01 [95% CI 1.30-3.10], P = 0.0064, per one-SD decrease in loge-transformed MCRI).ConclusionsOur data showed that lower MCRI predicts the incidence of type 2 diabetes
Quantum 1/4 BPS Dyons
Classical properties of 1/4 BPS dyons were previously well understood both in
field theory context and in string theory context. Its quantum properties,
however, have been more difficult to probe, although the elementary information
of the supermultiplet structures is known from a perturbative construction.
Recently, a low energy effective theory of monopoles was constructed and argued
to contain these dyons as quantum bound states. In this paper, we find these
dyonic bound states explicitly in the N=4 supersymmetric low energy effective
theory. After identifying the correct angular momentum operators, we motivate
an anti-self-dual ansatz for all BPS bound states. The wavefunctions are found
explicitly, whose spin contents and degeneracies match exactly the expected
results.Comment: 20 pages, no figure
Nonlinear MDOF system characterization and identi cation using the Hilbert-Huang transform
The Hilbert transform is one of the most successful approaches to tracking the varying nature of vibration of a large class of nonlinear systems thanks to the extraction of backbone curves from experimental data. Because signals with multiple frequency components do not admit a well-behaved Hilbert transform, it is inherently limited to the analysis of single-degree-of-freedom systems. In this study, the joint application of the complexification-averaging method and the empirical mode decomposition enables us to develop a new technique, the slow-flow model identification method. Through numerical and experimental applications, we demonstrate that the proposed method is adequate for characterizing and identifying multi-degree-offreedom
nonlinear systems
Structure of the Effective Potential in Nonrelativistic Chern-Simons Field Theory
We present the scalar field effective potential for nonrelativistic
self-interacting scalar and fermion fields coupled to an Abelian Chern-Simons
gauge field. Fermions are non-minimally coupled to the gauge field via a Pauli
interaction. Gauss's law linearly relates the magnetic field to the matter
field densities; hence, we also include radiative effects from the background
gauge field. However, the scalar field effective potential is transparent to
the presence of the background gauge field to leading order in the perturbative
expansion. We compute the scalar field effective potential in two gauge
families. We perform the calculation in a gauge reminiscent of the
-gauge in the limit and in the Coulomb family gauges.
The scalar field effective potential is the same in both gauge-fixings and is
independent of the gauge-fixing parameter in the Coulomb family gauge. The
conformal symmetry is spontaneously broken except for two values of the
coupling constant, one of which is the self-dual value. To leading order in the
perturbative expansion, the structure of the classical potential is deeply
distorted by radiative corrections and shows a stable minimum around the
origin, which could be of interest when searching for vortex solutions. We
regularize the theory with operator regularization and a cutoff to demonstrate
that the results are independent of the regularization scheme.Comment: 24 pages, UdeM-LPN-TH-93-185, CRM-192
- …