944 research outputs found
The effect of disorder on the free-energy for the Random Walk Pinning Model: smoothing of the phase transition and low temperature asymptotics
We consider the continuous time version of the Random Walk Pinning Model
(RWPM), studied in [5,6,7]. Given a fixed realization of a random walk Y$ on
Z^d with jump rate rho (that plays the role of the random medium), we modify
the law of a random walk X on Z^d with jump rate 1 by reweighting the paths,
giving an energy reward proportional to the intersection time L_t(X,Y)=\int_0^t
\ind_{X_s=Y_s}\dd s: the weight of the path under the new measure is exp(beta
L_t(X,Y)), beta in R. As beta increases, the system exhibits a
delocalization/localization transition: there is a critical value beta_c, such
that if beta>beta_c the two walks stick together for almost-all Y realizations.
A natural question is that of disorder relevance, that is whether the quenched
and annealed systems have the same behavior. In this paper we investigate how
the disorder modifies the shape of the free energy curve: (1) We prove that, in
dimension d larger or equal to three 3, the presence of disorder makes the
phase transition at least of second order. This, in dimension larger or equal
to 4, contrasts with the fact that the phase transition of the annealed system
is of first order. (2) In any dimension, we prove that disorder modifies the
low temperature asymptotic of the free energy.Comment: 18 page
Thickness Estimation of Epitaxial Graphene on SiC using Attenuation of Substrate Raman Intensity
A simple, non-invasive method using Raman spectroscopy for the estimation of
the thickness of graphene layers grown epitaxially on silicon carbide (SiC) is
presented, enabling simultaneous determination of thickness, grain size and
disorder using the spectra. The attenuation of the substrate Raman signal due
to the graphene overlayer is found to be dependent on the graphene film
thickness deduced from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission
electron microscopy of the surfaces. We explain this dependence using an
absorbing overlayer model. This method can be used for mapping graphene
thickness over a region and is capable of estimating thickness of multilayer
graphene films beyond that possible by XPS and Auger electron spectroscopy
(AES).Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure
Observing Nucleon Decay in Lead Perchlorate
Lead perchlorate, part of the OMNIS supernova neutrino detector, contains two
nuclei, 208Pb and 35Cl, that might be used to study nucleon decay. Both would
produce signatures that will make them especially useful for studying
less-well-studied neutron decay modes, e.g., those in which only neutrinos are
emitted.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure
Observable Neutron-Antineutron Oscillations in Seesaw Models of Neutrino Mass
We show that in a large class of supersymmetric models with spontaneously
broken B-L symmetry, neutron--antineutron oscillations occur at an observable
level even though the scale of B-L breaking is very high, v_{B-L} ~ 2 x 10^{16}
GeV, as suggested by gauge coupling unification and neutrino masses. We
illustrate this phenomenon in the context of a recently proposed class of
seesaw models that solves the strong CP problem and the SUSY phase problem
using parity symmetry. We obtain an upper limit on N-\bar{N} oscillation time
in these models, \tau_{N-\bar{N}} < 10^{9} -10^{10} sec. This suggests that a
modest improvement in the current limit on \tau_{N-\bar{N}} of 0.86 x 10^8 sec
will either lead to the discovery of N-\bar{N} oscillations, or will
considerably restrict the allowed parameter space of an interesting class of
neutrino mass models.Comment: 11 pages RevTeX, 1 figur
Signatures of Nucleon Disappearance in Large Underground Detectors
For neutrons bound inside nuclei, baryon instability can manifest itself as a
decay into undetectable particles (e.g., ), i.e.,
as a disappearance of a neutron from its nuclear state. If electric charge is
conserved, a similar disappearance is impossible for a proton. The existing
experimental lifetime limit for neutron disappearance is 4-7 orders of
magnitude lower than the lifetime limits with detectable nucleon decay products
in the final state [PDG2000]. In this paper we calculated the spectrum of
nuclear de-excitations that would result from the disappearance of a neutron or
two neutrons from C. We found that some de-excitation modes have
signatures that are advantageous for detection in the modern high-mass,
low-background, and low-threshold underground detectors, where neutron
disappearance would result in a characteristic sequence of time- and
space-correlated events. Thus, in the KamLAND detector [Kamland], a
time-correlated triple coincidence of a prompt signal, a captured neutron, and
a decay of the residual nucleus, all originating from the same
point in the detector, will be a unique signal of neutron disappearance
allowing searches for baryon instability with sensitivity 3-4 orders of
magnitude beyond the present experimental limits.Comment: 13 pages including 6 figures, revised version, to be published in
Phys.Rev.
Models of electron transport in single layer graphene
The main features of the conductivity of doped single layer graphene are
analyzed, and models for different scattering mechanisms are presented.Comment: 15 pages. Submitted to the Proceedings of the ULTI symposium on
Quantum Phenomena and Devices at Low Temperatures, Espoo, Finland, to be
published in the Journ. of Low. Temp. Phy
Constraints on Three-Neutrino Mixing from Atmospheric and Reactor Data
Observations of atmospheric neutrinos are usually analyzed using the
simplifying approximation that either or
two-flavor mixing is relevant. Here we
instead consider the data using the simplifying approximation that only one
neutrino mass scale is relevant. This approximation is the minimal three-flavor
notation that includes the two relevant two-flavor approximations. The
constraints in the parameter space orthogonal to the usual, two-flavor analyses
are studied.Comment: 15 pages, preprint IUHET-26
Measuring Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillations with Neutrino Telescopes
Neutrino telescopes with large detection volumes can demonstrate that the
current indications of neutrino oscillation are correct or if a better
description can be achieved with non-standard alternatives. Observations of
contained muons produced by atmospheric neutrinos can better constrain the
allowed region for oscillations or determine the relevant parameters of
non-standard models. We analyze the possibility of neutrino telescopes
measuring atmospheric neutrino oscillations. We suggest adjustments to improve
this potential. An addition of four densely-instrumented strings to the AMANDA
II detector makes observations feasible. Such a configuration is competitive
with current and proposed experiments.Comment: 36 pages, 21 figures, revte
Leptogenesis and neutrino parameters
We calculate the baryonic asymmetry of the universe in the
baryogenesis-via-leptogenesis framework, assuming first a quark-lepton symmetry
and then a charged-neutral lepton symmetry. We match the results with the
experimentally favoured range. In the first case all the oscillation solutions
to the solar neutrino problem, except the large mixing matter solution, can
lead to the allowed range, but with fine tuning of the parameters. In the
second case the general result is quite similar. Some related theoretical hints
are discussed.Comment: RevTex, 21 pages with 8 figure
Transport Properties through Double Barrier Structure in Graphene
The mode-dependent transmission of relativistic ballistic massless Dirac
fermion through a graphene based double barrier structure is being investigated
for various barrier parameters. We compare our results with already published
work and point out the relevance of these findings to a systematic study of the
transport properties in double barrier structures. An interesting situation
arises when we set the potential in the leads to zero, then our 2D problem
reduces effectively to a 1D massive Dirac equation with an effective mass
proportional to the quantized wave number along the transverse direction.
Furthermore we have shown that the minimal conductivity and maximal Fano factor
remain insensitive to the ratio between the two potentials V_2/V_1=\alpha.Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures, clarifications and reference added, misprints
corrected. Version to appear in JLT
- …