896 research outputs found
Laser Welding in Different Spatial Positions of T-joints of Austenitic Steel
It has been selected the most industry perspective laser welding technological implementations of the welded T-joints made of fine-sheeted heat resisting steel AISI 321 by identifying the influence of technological parameters on formation quality, level of mechanical properties and structural peculiarities of the welded T-joints obtained by laser welding in different spatial positions
Medical care delivery at the XXVII world Summer Universiade Kazan 2013
Β© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. Medical care system is one of the important part in terms of the international sports events. It is clear that one of the key factors of success of international multi-sport competitions such as Olympic Games and Universiade is well established system of medical care delivery. The purpose of this paper was to analyze experience of the XXVII World Summer Universiade 2013 and to propose a practical framework methodology to assist construction of the health care system and medical service system in terms of mass international sporting events
The effect of hydrocarbon composition on the flammability of diesel fuels with taking into account intermolecular interactions
Analysis of approaches to sterility testing ofΒ COVID-19 prevention vaccines
Preventive vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection is currently receiving close attention in the Russian Federation. Improving public confidence in immunisation with new vaccines largely depends on a guarantee of the absence of side effects caused by contamination. A high risk of contamination is inherent to biological products, including coronavirus prevention vaccines, due to their properties and the nature of raw materials used. This risk adds to the need for using effective contaminant detection approaches.The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility to improve sterility testing of preventive vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection.This article presents an analysis of the procedures proposed by pharmaceutical developers for sterility testing of ten Russian vaccines approved in the country for COVID-19 prevention. The authors considered specific characteristics of these vaccines, including their physical and chemical properties, the presence of antimicrobial components, and other critical factors affecting the correctness of the experimental setup. The results suggest that it is possible to improve sterility testing. According to the authors, the main directions for its improvement are the proposal to develop an alternative procedure based on compendial method 2 (OFS.1.2.4.0003.15, Ph. Rus. XIV), as well as the use of a universal culture medium. If used for refining the established procedures and developing new ones, the authorsβ recommendations will improve the reliability and applicability of sterility testing during both manufacturing and pre-approval regulatory assessment of updated coronavirus vaccines for subsequent release to the market. The proposed approaches can be applied to testing other medicinal products for sterility
Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌ
An urgent safety concern associated with biological products is contamination with mycoplasmas, which may originate from donor tissues and organs, virus harvests, culture medium components, trypsin, animal blood serum, as well as be transmitted by personnel involved in the manufacture of medicines. Currently, due to an increase in the range of biologicals available, there is a need for more sensitive and specific test methods. In the Russian practice, microbiological (culture-based) testing of finished pharmaceutical products for mycoplasma contamination is performed using complex culture media whose sensitivity depends on the quality of proteins, ingredients, and reagents used. Growth promotion properties of the media are determined according to the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 14th ed., using a single test strain β Mycoplasma arginini G230 (M. arginini G230 industry reference material). The aim of the study was to analyse current Russian and foreign requirements for the quality control of culture media that are used for mycoplasma detection, in order to update and improve the quality control procedure in Russia. It was demonstrated that a compelling advantage of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation is the possibility of using a semi-liquid culture medium which does not require special aerobic or anaerobic incubation conditions and allows for quantification of mycoplasma colonies and determination of mycoplasma titre in culture medium while testing its growth promotion properties using reference Π. arginini G230 test strain. The analysis revealed some differences in Russian and foreign requirements for quality evaluation of culture media. These differences were taken into account when developing recommendations for improvement of the Russian test procedure, i.e. enlarging the range of test strains used and development of respective reference standards.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΠΠ) ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄, ΡΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠ½, ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π», Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° Π²ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΠΠ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. Π Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ (ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ) ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄, ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΡ, ΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ². Π ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄, ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ XIV ΠΈΠ·Π΄., ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° β Mycoplasma arginini G230 (ΠΠ‘Π M. arginini G230). Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π² ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌ, Π΄Π»Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π±Π΅Π·ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌ Π² ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠ‘Π ΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° Π. arginini G230. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ COVID-19 ΠΏΠΎΒ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Β«Π‘ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ»
Preventive vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection is currently receiving close attention in the Russian Federation. Improving public confidence in immunisation with new vaccines largely depends on a guarantee of the absence of side effects caused by contamination. A high risk of contamination is inherent to biological products, including coronavirus prevention vaccines, due to their properties and the nature of raw materials used. This risk adds to the need for using effective contaminant detection approaches.The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility to improve sterility testing of preventive vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection.This article presents an analysis of the procedures proposed by pharmaceutical developers for sterility testing of ten Russian vaccines approved in the country for COVID-19 prevention. The authors considered specific characteristics of these vaccines, including their physical and chemical properties, the presence of antimicrobial components, and other critical factors affecting the correctness of the experimental setup. The results suggest that it is possible to improve sterility testing. According to the authors, the main directions for its improvement are the proposal to develop an alternative procedure based on compendial method 2 (OFS.1.2.4.0003.15, Ph. Rus. XIV), as well as the use of a universal culture medium. If used for refining the established procedures and developing new ones, the authorsβ recommendations will improve the reliability and applicability of sterility testing during both manufacturing and pre-approval regulatory assessment of updated coronavirus vaccines for subsequent release to the market. The proposed approaches can be applied to testing other medicinal products for sterility.Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Ρ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ SARS-CoV-2. ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², Π² ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ².Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ SARS-CoV-2.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Β«Π‘ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ» Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ COVID-19. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°, Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Β«Π‘ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ». Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° (ΠΠ€Π‘.1.2.4.0003.15 Π‘ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ XIV ΠΈΠ·Π΄.), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π΅ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡ
Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Β«Π‘ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ» ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²
STUDYING DEVELOPMENT OF POST-VACCINAL CELLULAR IMMUNITY AGAINST BRUCELLOSIS BY MEANS OF LYMPHOCYTE <i>IN VITRO</i> TESTS USING AN EXPERIMENTAL ANTIGENIC COMPLEX
Regulatory framework and methodological approaches to evaluation of immunological effects of vaccination against brucellosis are not established, and the degree of immunological post-vaccinal rearrangement is not yet developed. Due to leading role of cellular immunity in formation of immune protection against brucellosis, evaluation the cellular response in response to antigenic stimulation may be considered the most informative and objective approach to analysis of immune changes in the body during vaccination. In order to develop the most diagnostically informative methods for design of antigen-stimulation cell tests in vitro, a careful selection of a stimulating agent (antigen) is required, which should have a sufficient activating potential, thus providing specificity of reaction under in vitro conditions. The aim of the present study is to study the in vitro specific activity of a protein-polysaccharide antigenic complex from the Brucella abortus 19 BA strain (BrAg), and an opportunity of its application in order to assess the formation of post-vaccinal cellular immunity against brucellosis.The study was performed with white laboratory mice (n = 50) immunized with the Brucella abortus 19 BA strain. The control group (n = 50) consisted of laboratory mice that received a sterile saline solution in a volume of 0.5 ml. Blood samples were taken from immunized and control animals before vaccination, and 7, 14, 21, and 30 days after immunization. By means of flow cytometry, the activation molecules CD25, CD69, MHC II and CD95, expressed on T lymphocytes (CD3+CD69+, CD3+CD25+, CD3+CD95+, CD3+MHC+) were determined. To observe the development of immunity, the intensity of expression of T lymphocyte activation markers was calculated using the stimulation quotient. BrAg was used for specific in vitro stimulation of T lymphocytes. The liquid brucellosis allergen (brucellin) was used as an antigen for comparison, when studying opportunity of BrAg usage for assessing the postvaccinal immunity development.The following results were obtained: BrAg has pronounced specific activity, it did not cause non-specific in vitro reactions (activation) of T lymphocytes, thus enabling its application as a test antigen when evaluating development of adaptive vaccine immunity against brucella.Experimental testing of brucellosis antigen for carrying out the in vitro antigen-stimulated cellular reactions, aiming for evaluation of post-vaccinal immunity development against brucellosis, showed that the usage of BrAg promotes increase in diagnostic sensitivity of cellular reactions under in vitro experimental conditions. The applied experimental antigen is a quite promising tool for development of laboratory algorithms for brucellosis diagnostics, and assessment of actual vaccination efficiency in cohorts previously vaccinated against brucellosis
ΠΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Sterility is one of the key parameters of biological safety of immunobiological medicinal products. The articleΒ traces the historyΒ of the development of sterility test methods for immunobiologicalΒ medicinal products from as farΒ back as 1961 and up to the currentΒ requirements laid down in the State Pharmacopoeia of the RussianΒ Federation,Β 13th edition. The article provides a detailed analysis ofΒ major approaches to the improvement of medicinesΒ qualityΒ evaluation based on this parameter, namely to the choice of: optimal growth media and methods of theirΒ evaluation, sensitive test strains, incubation conditions, the number of test samples (i.e., sample size)Β requiredΒ for reliable demonstration of batch sterility; as well asΒ approaches to the development of a test design that wouldΒ accommodate specific aspects of production and use ofΒ immunobiological products. The article dwells upon theΒ longstanding use of the sterility testing scheme developed in the national agency for control of immunobiologicalΒ products β L.A. Tarasevich StateΒ Institute for Standardization and Control of MedicinalΒ Immunobiological Products.Β The article analyses the current status of harmonisation of requirements for sterility testing of immunobiologicalΒ products and other groups of medicines with those of the leading world pharmacopoeias, and prospects ofΒ using these requirements in the Eurasian Economic Union.ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅Π² Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉΒ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΒ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΒ Β«Π‘ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ», Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ 1961 Π³. ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ,Β ΡΠ΅Π³Π»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΅ΠΉ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈΒ XIII ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.Β ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Β ΠΏΠΎΒ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΈΒ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΒ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ,Β ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Β ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡΒ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΌΒ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΅Β ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠΠ‘Π ΠΈΠΌ.Β Π.Π. Π’Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Β Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π³Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Β Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈΒ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ β ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠ²ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π°
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