Comparação do equilíbrio corporal de mulheres a partir da meia-idade obesas e não-obesas

This is a comparative study on the effect of obesity on static and dynamic balance in middle-aged and elderly women. The sample was composed by 80 women over 50 years old, distributed according to the body mass index into a non-obese group (n=45) and an obese group (n=35), with similar mean age. Participants were assessed as to body fat by bioimpedance and submitted to the one leg stance (OLS) and maximum walking speed (MWS) tests. Data were statistically analysed. At the OLS on both feet the non-obese group remained longer in position - 25.6 seconds (s) on the right limb and 24,9 s on the left one - than the obese group (19.0 s on the right, 17.5 s on the left limb, pEste é um estudo comparativo do efeito da obesidade no equilíbrio estático e dinâmico de mulheres a partir da meia-idade. A amostra foi composta por mulheres acima de 50 anos (n=80), distribuídas segundo o índice de massa corporal em grupo não-obeso (n=45) e obeso (n=35), com médias de idade equivalentes. Foram avaliadas quanto à gordura corporal por bioimpedância e quanto ao equilíbrio pelos testes de apoio unipodal (TAU) e de velocidade máxima de andar (VMA). Os dados foram tratados estatisticamente. No TAU em ambos os membros inferiores o grupo não-obeso permaneceu por mais tempo na posição - 25,6 segundos (s) no membro direito e 24,9 s no esquerdo - do que o grupo obeso (19,0 s no direito e 17,5 s no esquerdo,

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Mediante o estudo do viés e erro médio quadrático, foi com- parado o desempenho dos estimadores F-N-P* de Kaplan e Meier (1958) e de Kitchin (1980) e do estimador bayesiano** de Salinas e Pereira (1992), das curvas de sobrevivência sob dados censurados. Além disso, foi pesquisado e comparado outro estimador F-N-P para esse mesmo fim, que foi chamado estimador modificado de Kitchin (pela mudança realizada na taxa de risco acumulada do estima dor de Kitchin nos subintervalos formados pelos tempos consecutivos das ocorrências dos eventos de interesse). As estimativas são calculadas e comparadas primeiramente em um exemplo de dados clínicos reais de transplantes renais humanos e depois em amostras geradas por simulação a partir de modelos teóricos, assumindo distribuições exponencial e de Weibull. As simulações indicaram que o estimador de Kaplan e Meier é melhor que os demais, isto é, tem menor erro quadrático médio em todas as circunstâncias abordadas. Neste mesmo sentido o estimador modificado apresentou-se melhor que o de Kitchin. Com uma priori não informativa, o estimador de Salinas e Pereira teve melhor desempenho que o modificado de Kitchin. A análise simultânea do desempenho e simplicidade operacional aponta para os estimadores de Kaplan e Meier e Modificado de Kichin, nessa ordem. * A sigla refere-se à inferência estatistica segundo a metodologia desenvolvida por Fisher, Neyman e Pearson, também conhecida como \"inferência clássica\"(15,37). ** O termo refere-se à inferência estatística desenvolvida segundo a linha filosófica sugerida por um trabalho de Bayes (1763) (15).The performances of F-N-P* estimators of the survival curve for censored data of Kaplan & Meier (1958), Kitchin (1980) and the bayesian estimator** of Salinas & Pereira (1992) are compared using bias and mean squared error. A F-N-P estimator, refered to as modified Kitchin, is proposed here and compared with the others. It is based on the change of Kitchin cumulative risks ratios for the sub-intervals given by the consecutive times of occurrence of the events of interest. The estimates are computed and compared for two cases: first for a real data set related to human renal transplants. And second, for simulated data sets developed from theoretical models for exponential and Weibull distributions. Simulated results indicated that the Kaplan & Meier estimator is better than the others, that is, it presented least mean squared error in all situations discussed in this work. The results also indicated that the modified estimator is better than the Kitchin estimator. Using a non-informative \"a priori\" distribution, the Salinas & Pereira estimator presented better performance than the modified Kitchin estimator. The simultaneous analysis of the performance and the operational simplicity point out the Kaplan & Meier and modified Kitchin estimators, in this order. * F-N-P refers to the methodology developed by Fisher, Neyman and Pearson, also known as \"classical inference\" (15,37). ** Bayesian inference refers to the inference whose development were based on the work of Bayes (1763) (15)

A DISTRIBUTION FOR THE SERVICE MODEL

ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose a distribution that describes a specific system. The system has a heavy traffic, a fast service and the service rate depends on state of the system. This distribution we call the Maximum-Conway-Maxwell-Poisson-exponential distribution, denoted by MAXCOMPE distribution. The MAXCOMPE distribution is obtained by compound distributions in which we use the zero truncated Conway-Maxwell-Poisson distribution and the exponential distribution. This distribution has adjustment mechanism in order to re-establish the equilibrium of the system when the traffic flow increases and that is described by variations of the pressure parameter. Because of this, the MAXCOMPE distribution contains sub-models, such as, the Maximum-geometric-exponential distribution, the Maximum-Poisson-exponential distribution and the Maximum-Bernoulli-exponential distribution. The properties of the proposed distribution are discussed, including formal proof of its density function and explicit algebraic formulas for their reliability function and moments. The parameter estimation is based on the usual maximum likelihood method. Simulated and real data are shown to illustrate the applicability of the model

Evaluation of acute effect of light-emitting diode (LED) phototherapy on muscle deoxygenation and pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics in patients with diabetes mellitus: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is responsible for a significant reduction in the quality of life due to its negative impact on functional capacity. Cardiopulmonary fitness impairment in DM patients has been associated with limited tissue oxygenation. Phototherapy is widely utilized to treat several disorders due to expected light-tissue interaction. This type of therapy may help to improve muscular oxygenation, thereby increasing aerobic fitness and functional capacity. Methods/Design This study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of São Carlos and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. Four separate tests will be performed to evaluate the acute effect of phototherapy. All participants will receive both interventions in random order: light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) and placebo, with a minimum 14-day interval between sessions (washout period). Immediately after the intervention, participants will perform moderate constant workload cycling exercise corresponding to 80 % of the pulmonary oxygen uptake \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\left({\mathrm{p}\overset{\cdotp }{\mathrm{V}}\mathrm{O}}_2\right)$$\end{document}pV·O2 during the gas exchange threshold (GET). LEDT will be administered with a multidiode cluster probe (50 GaAIA LEDs, 850 ηm, 75 mW each diode, and 3 J per point) before each exercise session. Pulmonary oxygen uptake, muscle oxygenation, heart rate, and arterial pressure will be measured using a computerized metabolic cart, a near-infrared spectrometer, an electrocardiogram, and a photoplethysmography system, respectively. Discussion The main objective of this study is to evaluate the acute effects of muscular pre-conditioning using LED phototherapy on pulmonary oxygen uptake, muscle oxygenation, heart rate, and arterial pressure dynamics during dynamic moderate exercise. We hypothesize that phototherapy may be beneficial to optimize aerobic fitness in the DM population. Data will be published after the study is completed. Trial registration Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under trial number NCT01889784 (date of registration 5 June 2013)

Identification Of A Statistical Method As A Quality Tool: Patient's Length Of Stay In The Operating Room.

To identify a statistical method that may express the patient length of stay in the operating room and build a 'matrix of relationship' for optimizing this time, the real and exact time of the operation. The analysis of survival and the Kaplan-Meier estimator allowed to calculate the survival curves for different times and the 'matrix of relationship' with 10 hypothesis to help in choosing the new operation. The study consisted of a simple random sample of 71 patients, from elective operations for adults in Cardiac Surgery/Clinics Hospital/Unicamp, with confidence level of 95% in 2008. On average, the times of the operations over at a range of 140 minutes to 200 minutes and excess from 5 minutes to 90 minutes. In general, on average, one operation was daily performed within 520 minutes, for a time of 720 minutes. 1) With the maximum available time of 720 minutes is not possible to perform surgery, unless using the 'matrix of relationship', whereas the maximum time available varies between 660 minutes and 690 minutes, considering the range of cleaning of the room. 2) The time of the patient in the operating room is a time that includes the time of learning by the student in an university hospital school. 3) When optimizing the time, most patients will benefit, causing a decrease from the waiting list for new opeartions. 4) The 'matrix of relationship' allows to view and express opinion on a better decision making in addition to decide upon several assumptions.24382-9

Identification of a statistical method as a quality tool: patient's length of stay in the operating room

OBJECTIVE: To identify a statistical method that may express the patient length of stay in the operating room and build a matrix of relationship for optimizing this time, the real and exact time of the operation. METHODS: The analysis of survival and the Kaplan-Meier estimator allowed to calculate the survival curves for different times and the matrix of relationship with 10 hypothesis to help in choosing the new operation. The study consisted of a simple random sample of 71 patients, from elective operations for adults in Cardiac Surgery/Clinics Hospital/Unicamp, with confidence level of 95% in 2008. RESULTS: On average, the times of the operations over at a range of 140 minutes to 200 minutes and excess from 5 minutes to 90 minutes. In general, on average, one operation was daily performed within 520 minutes, for a time of 720 minutes. CONCLUSION: 1) With the maximum available time of 720 minutes is not possible to perform surgery, unless using the matrix of relationship, whereas the maximum time available varies between 660 minutes and 690 minutes, considering the range of cleaning of the room. 2) The time of the patient in the operating room is a time that includes the time of learning by the student in an university hospital school. 3) When optimizing the time, most patients will benefit, causing a decrease from the waiting list for new opeartions. 4) The matrix of relationship allows to view and express opinion on a better decision making in addition to decide upon several assumptionsOBJETIVO: Identificar um método estatístico que expresse o tempo da presença do doente na sala de operação e construir a matriz de relação de otimização deste tempo, o tempo exato e real da operação. MÉTODOS: A análise de sobrevivência e o estimador de Kaplan-Meier permitiram calcular as curvas de sobrevivência para os diferentes tempos e a matriz de relação com 10 hipóteses para auxiliar na escolha da nova operação. A amostra aleatória simples de 71 indivíduos, das operações eletivas de adultos da Cirurgia Cardíaca/Hospital de Clínicas/UNICAMP, no ano 2008, no nível de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: Os tempos das operações em média sobram em um intervalo de 140 a 200 minutos e excedem de 5 a 90 minutos. No geral, realizou-se em média diariamente uma operação dentro de 520 minutos, para um tempo disponível de 720 minutos. CONCLUSÃO: 1) Com o tempo máximo disponível de 720 minutos não é possível realizar operação, a não ser utilizando da matriz de relação, sendo que o tempo máximo disponível varia entre 660 e 690 minutos, considerando-se intervalo de limpeza da sala. 2) O tempo do doente na sala de operação tem nele incluso o tempo de aprendizado pelo aluno, em um hospital escola, universitário. 3) Ao otimizar o tempo, mais doentes serão beneficiados, acarretando diminuição da fila de espera para novas operações. 4) A matriz de relação permite visualizar, opinar e decidir mediante várias hipóteses, resultando em melhor tomada de decisão38239