Structure and dynamics of the 4p -\u3e ns,md autoionizing resonances between the P-3 and S-1 thresholds in atomic bromine

The relative partial photoionization cross sections sigma(i) and photoelectron angular distribution parameters beta(1) are measured for all possible final ionic states of Br+ between the P-3(2) and S-1(0) thresholds. The decay patterns of the autoionizing 4p(4 3)P(1,0) nl, 4p(4 1)D(2) nl, and 4p(4 1)S(0) nl Rydberg series arising from the 4p ins,md excitations are observed at the fine-structure level in all available channels. For each Rydberg series, the energies, quantum defects, and photoelectron angular distribution parameters are determined, as well as the widths and shape parameters of the low-lying members. Relative total cross sections are derived from the partial cross sections and from ion-yield measurements over the lowest members of the P-3(1,0) and D-1(2) series. All major spectroscopic and dynamic properties of these series are reported for this open-shell atom. Conclusions are drawn from the comprehensive data sets in comparison with other halogen atoms and the neighboring closed-shell rare gas atoms. Our results, encompassing the entire autoionization regime, are compared with other experimental data and theoretical calculations, where available

Natural widths in open-shell atoms: The K absorption spectrum of atomic oxygen

Total-ion-yield measurements and Hartree-Fock calculations are presented for the 1s→np, n=2 to 5 photoexcitations in atomic oxygen. Energies and relative intensities of the [1s]2s22p4(4P)np and [1s]2s22p4(2P)np series members are determined, and the apparent linewidths are measured. It is shown that natural widths in an open-shell atom can be deduced from an absorption spectrum only with the aid of theoretical input. The linewidth for the six individual components contained in the 1s→2p transition is determined to be 140(9) meV

Natural Widths In Open-Shell Atoms: The K Absorption Spectrum Of Atomic Oxygen

Total-ion-yield measurements and Hartree-Fock calculations are presented for the 1s-- \u3enp, n=2 to 5 photoexcitations in atomic oxygen. Energies and relative intensities of the [1s]2s(2)2p(4)(P-4)np and [1s]2s(2)2p(4)(P-2)np series members are determined, and the apparent linewidths are measured. It is shown that natural widths in an open-shell atom can be deduced from an absorption spectrum only with the aid of theoretical input. The linewidth for the six individual components contained in the 1s--\u3e2p transition is determined to be 140(9) meV

Low-intensity continuous ultrasound triggers effective bisphosphonate anticancer activity in breast cancer

Ultrasound (US) is a non-ionizing pressure wave that can produce mechanical and thermal effects. Bisphosphonates have demonstrated clinical utility in bone metastases treatment. Preclinical studies suggest that bisphosphonates have anticancer activity. However, bisphosphonates exhibit a high affinity for bone mineral, which reduces their bioavailability for tumor cells. Ultrasound has been shown to be effective for drug delivery but in interaction with gas bubbles or encapsulated drugs. We examined the effects of a clinically relevant dose of bisphosphonate zoledronate (ZOL) in combination with US. In a bone metastasis model, mice treated with ZOL+US had osteolytic lesions that were 58% smaller than those of ZOL-treated animals as well as a reduced skeletal tumor burden. In a model of primary tumors, ZOL+US treatment reduced by 42% the tumor volume, compared with ZOL-treated animals. Using a fluorescent bisphosphonate, we demonstrated that US forced the release of bisphosphonate from the bone surface, enabling a continuous impregnation of the bone marrow. Additionally, US forced the penetration of ZOL within tumors, as demonstrated by the intratumoral accumulation of unprenylated Rap1A, a surrogate marker of ZOL antitumor activity. Our findings made US a promising modality to trigger bisphosphonate anticancer activity in bone metastases and in primary tumors

Observation Of The 2P\u3csup\u3e4\u3c/sup\u3e(\u3csup\u3e1\u3c/sup\u3eS)Ns, Md Excitations In Atomic Fluorine

In the first observation of the autoionizing resonances converging to the 2p4(1S) series limit of atomic fluorine, the decay of the resonance states into the (1D) ∈ℓ partial channel has been measured by photoelectron spectrometry with the use of synchrotron radiation. We present the initial results of this work

Evidence For The Spin-Orbit-Induced [Formula Presented] Resonances In Atomic Br And Cl

Evidence is presented for the occurrence of the [Formula Presented]-forbidden [Formula Presented] autoionization resonances in both Br and Cl by a measurement of the photoelectrons associated with the [Formula Presented]-resolved [Formula Presented] final ionic states. Effects of spin-orbit coupling are delineated at the [Formula Presented]-term level for both the [Formula Presented] and the [Formula Presented] resonances, and differences for these spin-orbit-induced pathways are highlighted. © 1996 The American Physical Society

Autoionization And Interchannel Mixing In Atomic Fluorine: The 2P(4)(S-1)Ns,Md Rydberg Series

Experimental data on the spectroscopic and dynamic properties of the 2p(4)(S-1)ns,md series between the D-1 and S-1 thresholds of atomic fluorine are presented. These series are observed through their decay into the allowed 2p(4)(P-3)epsilon l and 2p(4)(D-1) epsilon l ionization channels. The (S-1)ns S-2 resonances are broad windows, and the (S-1)md(2)D resonances are narrow peaks in the principal 2p(4)(D-1)epsilon l channel. The 2s2p(6) S-2 resonance is located at 20.99(1) eV and is seen to interact strongly with the nearby 2p(4)(S-1)4s S-2 resonance. The resulting structure can serve as a sensitive marker for this interchannel mixing. Except for the interacting resonances, the data are found to be in satisfactory accord with eigenchannel R-matrix results for the total cross section

Energy-aware collision avoidance stochastic optimizer for a UAVs set

Abstract Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is one of the promising technology in the future. A recent study claims that by 2026, the commercial UAVs, for both corporate and customer applications, will have an annual impact of 31 billion to 46 billion on the country’s GDP. Shortly, many UAVs will be flying everywhere. For this reason, there is a need to suggest efficient mechanisms for preventing the collisions among the UAVs. Traditionally, the collisions are prevented using dedicated sensors, however, those would generate uncertainty in their reading due to their external conditions sensitivity. From another side, the use of those sensors could create an extra overhead on the UAVs in terms of cost and energy consumption. To deal with these challenges, in this paper, we have suggested a solution that leverages the chance-constrained optimization technique for avoiding the collision in an energy-efficient manner. Building on the expressions for the non-central Chi-square CDF and expected value, and through the convexification of the resulting expressions, the chance-constrained optimization program is transformed into a convex Mixed Binary Nonlinear one. The resulting program allows us to find the optimal safety distance that extends UAVs life-time and allows every UAV to move with a guaranteed probability of collision between any pair of UAVs