ANALYZING THE 1983 PAYMENT IN KIND PROGRAM AT THE FARM LEVEL

Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance,

SUPPLY AND PRICE IMPACT OF THE ARP AND PIK PROGRAMS

Agricultural and Food Policy,

Laboratory simulations of fluid/gas induced micro-earthquakes:application to volcano seismology

Understanding different seismic signals recorded in active volcanic regions allows geoscientists to derive insight into the processes that generate them. A key type is known as Low Frequency or Long Period (LP) event, generally understood to be generated by different fluid types resonating in cracks and faults. The physical mechanisms of these signals have been linked to either resonance/turbulence within fluids, or as a result of fluids ‘sloshing’ due to a mixture of gas and fluid being present in the system. Less well understood, however, is the effect of the fluid type (phase) on the measured signal. To explore this, we designed an experiment in which we generated a precisely controlled liquid to gas transition in a closed system by inducing rapid decompression of fluid-filled fault zones in a sample of basalt from Mt. Etna Volcano, Italy. We find that fluid phase transition is accompanied by a marked frequency shift in the accompanying microseismic dataset that can be compared to volcano seismic data. Moreover, our induced seismic activity occurs at pressure conditions equivalent to hydrostatic depths of 200 to 750 meters. This is consistent with recently measured dominant frequencies of LP events and with numerous models

Capacity investigation of brine-bearing sands of the Frio Formation for geologic sequestration of CO2

The capacity of fluvial brine-bearing formations to sequester CO2 is investigated using numerical simulations of CO2 injection and storage. Capacity is defined as the volume fraction of the subsurface available for CO2 storage and is conceptualized as a product of factors that account for two-phase flow and transport processes, formation geometry, formation heterogeneity, and formation porosity. The space and time domains used to define capacity must be chosen with care to obtain meaningful results, especially when comparing different authors’ work. Physical factors that impact capacity include permeability anisotropy and relative permeability to CO2, brine/CO2 density and viscosity ratios, the shape of the trapping structure, formation porosity and the presence of low permeability layering.National Energy Technology LaboratoryBureau of Economic Geolog

Prospectus, August 23, 2018

Parkland Cafeteria welcomes new vendor Betsy\u27s Bistro; A Letter from Our President; Visit the 2018 Art & Design Faculty Exhibit; Goebel Named Interim Head Baseball Coach.https://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_2018/1015/thumbnail.jp

Atlas of Wetlands in the Principal Coal Surface Mining Region of Western Kentucky

This atlas contains maps of wetlands and surface mining activity in the Western Kentucky Coal Field, and focuses on a 3960 km2 (1530 mi2) region where approximately 90 percent of surface mining in the Coal field occures. Some present and potential competition exists between surface coal mining and wetland protection. A wetland classification, based on the recent FWS classification, includes six types of palustrine systems and one each of riverine and laucstrine systems. Wetlands and surface mines are located on twenty-seven 7.5 minute USGS quadrangles that define the study region. A total of 460 km2 (177 mi2) of wetlands are identified. Approximately 84 percent are broad-leaved deciduous forested wetlands, mostly as periodically-flooded riparian hardwood forests along broad alluvial bottom-lands. Also, several significant persistent emergent wetlands, shrub-scrub wetlands, and needle-leaved deciduous forested wetlands (bald cypress swamps) are identified in the study region. Summaries of geology and coal mining, hydrology, water quality, wetland vegetation and unique fish and wildlife species are presented for each quadrangle. Effects of existing and potential future surface mining of coal on wetland structure, function, and value are discussed. Species lists for vegetation and fish and wildlife and recent water quality data for the study region are given in the Appendices

A novel cellular pathway of antigen presentation and CD4 T cell activation in vivo

Dendritic cell activation of CD4 T cells in the lymph node draining a site of infection or vaccination is widely considered the central event in initiating adaptive immunity. The accepted dogma is that this occurs by stimulating local activation and antigen acquisition by dendritic cells, with subsequent lymph node migration, however the generalizability of this mechanism is unclear. Here we show that in some circumstances antigen can bypass the injection site inflammatory response, draining freely and rapidly to the lymph nodes where it interacts with subcapsular sinus (SCS) macrophages resulting in their death. Debris from these dying SCS macrophages is internalized by monocytes recruited from the circulation. This coordinated response leads to antigen presentation by monocytes and interactions with naïve CD4 T cells that can drive the initiation of T cell and B cell responses. These studies demonstrate an entirely novel pathway leading to initiation of adaptive immune responses in vivo