Rancang Bangun Pengukur Dan Pengendali Suhu Berbasis Mikrokontroler at 89s51 Dan Sensor Suhu Lm 35

The measuring and the temperature control is needed in the conditioning temperature in a control process. In this article designed measuring and controlling the temperature below 100 degrees Celsius can be used AT 89S51 microcontroller with sensor LM35. LM 35 temperature sensor that provides the output voltage of 10mV / C, for 1.96 times further strengthened, so as to produce changes in the least significat bit (LSB) every one degree centigrade rise in temperature Amplifier output as input ADC 0804, the ADC output as input 89S51 Microcontroller AT binary that serves to change into a decimal, which then appear as a result of the measurement. By adding a temperature control circuit that is set not more than 50 degrees Celsius Keywords: Measurement, Control, microcontroller, temperature senso

Characteristics of effective communicators: Perceptions of Indian Managers

Human beings spent lot of their time in their everyday life in communicating with others in one form or the other. Communication is fundamental to all living systems also and it has played a pivotal role in every stage of human development. The word communication is derived from the Latin word communis or communicare, which means to make common or to transmit or to impart. Communication can be defined as a process whereby a person makes 3 his/her thoughts, desires or knowledge, own and understood to another person (Terry, 1956). Another way of looking at communication is that it is an interpersonal process of sending and receiving symbols with meaning attached to them (Ludlow and Panton, 1996). Communication should result in the exchange of information and shared understanding amongst the people involved in the communication process. Passing of information and building relationships are essential for interpersonal communication. There are two media used for communication, namely verbal and non-verbal (all types of communication other than verbal are included in this). If the correct objective has to be achieved, the receiver should experience a congruity in the different media used by the sender (Pareek, Rao and Pestonjee, 1981)

Error Estimation of Measured Exhaust Gas Temperature in Afterburner Mode in an Aero Gas Turbine Engine

In a turbofan engine, thrust is a key parameter which is measured or estimated from various parameters acquired during engine testing in an engine testbed. Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) is the most critical parameter used for thrust calculation. This work presents a novel way to measure and correct the errors in EGT measurement. A temperature probe is designed to measure EGT in the engine jet pipe using thermocouples. The temperature probe is designed to withstand the mechanical and temperature loads during the operation. Structural analysis at the design stage provided a strength margin of 90% and eigenfrequency margin of more than 20%. Thermal analysis is carried out to evaluate maximum metal temperature. Errors are quite high in high-temperature measurements which are corrected using the available methodologies. The velocity error, conduction error, and radiation error are estimated for the measured temperature. The difference of 97 K between the measured gas temperature and calculated gas temperature from measured thrust is explained. The estimated velocity error is 1 K, conduction error is 3 K, and radiation error is 69 K. Based on the error estimation, the measurement error is brought down to 24 K. After applying the above corrections, the further difference of 24 K between measured and estimated value can be attributed to thermocouple error of +/-0.4% of the reading for class 1 accuracy thermocouple, other parameter measurement errors, and analysis uncertainties. The present work enables the designer to calculate the errors in high-temperature measurement in a turbofan engine

Finite Element Analysis of Squirrel Cage Ball Bearingsfor Gas Turbine Engines

Squirrel cage ball bearings are used in recent aero engines to overcome the vibration andstability problems associated with rotor systems supported by conventional bearings. The criticaldesign feature of squirrel cage bearing is to provide flexible support to rotor system. The outerring of the bearing is configured such that it acts as a flexible bearing support, and hence, weightis minimised. The bearing is mounted directly on a rigid intermediate casing of a gas turbineengine. Finite element analysis helps to obtain a suitable geometry at the design stage. A 3-Dmodel of the bearing is created using IDEAS software. Finite element analysis using contactelement has been carried out for finding the deformation and stresses in the webs at variouslocations using ANSYS software. The deformations are compared with those of experimentalvalues for an axial load. The deformation in the webs is used to check the pressure balance inthe compressor and the load acting on the bearing. Finally, a procedure for doing the finiteelement analysis of ball bearings for combined axial and radial load is laid down

Diversification of myco-heterotrophic angiosperms: evidence from Burmanniaceae.

Background - Myco-heterotrophy evolved independently several times during angiosperm evolution. Although many species of myco-heterotrophic plants are highly endemic and long-distance dispersal seems unlikely, some genera are widely dispersed and have pantropical distributions, often with large disjunctions. Traditionally this has been interpreted as evidence for an old age of these taxa. However, due to their scarcity and highly reduced plastid genomes our understanding about the evolutionary histories of the angiosperm myco-heterotrophic groups is poor. Results - We provide a hypothesis for the diversification of the myco-heterotrophic family Burmanniaceae. Phylogenetic inference, combined with biogeographical analyses, molecular divergence time estimates, and diversification analyses suggest that Burmanniaceae originated in West Gondwana and started to diversify during the Late Cretaceous. Diversification and migration of the species-rich pantropical genera Burmannia and Gymnosiphon display congruent patterns. Diversification began during the Eocene, when global temperatures peaked and tropical forests occurred at low latitudes. Simultaneous migration from the New to the Old World in Burmannia and Gymnosiphon occurred via boreotropical migration routes. Subsequent Oligocene cooling and breakup of boreotropical flora ended New-Old World migration and caused a gradual decrease in diversification rate in Burmanniaceae. Conclusion - Our results indicate that extant diversity and pantropical distribution of myco-heterotrophic Burmanniaceae is the result of diversification and boreotropical migration during the Eocene when tropical rain forest expanded dramaticall

Spreading of thin films assisted by thermal fluctuations

We study the spreading of viscous drops on a solid substrate, taking into account the effects of thermal fluctuations in the fluid momentum. A nonlinear stochastic lubrication equation is derived, and studied using numerical simulations and scaling analysis. We show that asymptotically spreading drops admit self-similar shapes, whose average radii can increase at rates much faster than these predicted by Tanner's law. We discuss the physical realizability of our results for thin molecular and complex fluid films, and predict that such phenomenon can in principal be observed in various flow geometries.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Efektivitas dan Perspektif Pelaksanaan Program Beras Sejahtera (Rastra) dan Bantuan Pangan Non-Tunai (BPNT)

Program Beras Sejahtera (Rastra) dan Bantuan Pangan Non-Tunai (BPNT) merupakan salah satu instrumen kebijakan penting dalam penanggulangan kemiskinan bagi masyarakat miskin berpenghasilan rendah. Sesuai arahan Presiden RI tentang bantuan sosial dan keuangan inklusif, maka sejak tahun 2017 Rastra yang merupakan kebijakan subsidi sebagian ditransformasi menjadi pola bantuan melalui Program BPNT. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efektivitas pelaksanaan Rastra dan BPNT (aspek 6T: Tepat Sasaran, Tepat Jumlah, Tepat Harga, Tepat Waktu, Tepat Kualitas, dan Tepat Administrasi) dan merumuskan saran kebijakan perbaikan pelaksanaan Rastra dan BPNT. Cakupan kajian dan data yang digunakan adalah pada tingkat nasional dengan keterwakilan dari masing-masing kota pelaksana program. Metode kajian menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Pelaksanaan Rastra dan BPNT dipandang perlu dilakukan perbaikan dari sisi sasaran penerima, waktu penerimaan bantuan, kualitas beras, dan kesiapan e-warong di semua wilayah. Sebagai instrumen penanggulangan kemiskinan, Rastra dan BPNT dilaksanakan secara terpadu dengan mempertimbangkan wilayah surplus dan deficit. Proses transformasi pola subsidi (Rastra) menjadi pola bantuan pangan (BPNT) juga harus dilakukan secara bertahap sesuai kesiapan infrastrukturnya. Selain itu mengingat kebijakan Rastra dan BPNT sangat terkait dengan peran dan kapasitas Bulog dalam melakukan serapan gabah-beras dari petani dan menjaga stabilisasi harga beras, maka pemerintah perlu meningkatkan Cadangan Beras Pemerintah

Pengaruh Merokok Terhadap Fungsi Ereksi Pria

: Every year in Indonesia 199 billion cigarettes were consumed, caused 5 million people died. If this event can't be prevent, the mortality rate will be increase in twice closed to 10 million people each year in 2020. Smoking can make a lot of health problem, include erectile dysfunction. The aim of this study is to find out the effect of smoking on male's erectile function. This is a descriptive observation study that was conducted in Malalayang Station, District Malalayang, Manado City. There were 50 males who participated in this study. Erectile function was assessed using IIEF-5 (International Index of Erectile Function-5). This study shows that most of the 50 men who participated in this study reported a disfunction in erectile function. As much as 2% men had severe dysfunction, 33% have moderate dysfunction, 38% have mild to moderate dysfunction, and 38% have mild dysfunction. Based on our findings, we concluded that smoking affects the incidence of erectile dysfunction