New insights into the phytochemical profile and biological properties of Lycium intricatum Bois. (Solanaceae)

This work aimed to boost the valorisation of Lycium intricatum Boiss. L. as a source of high added value bioproducts. For that purpose, leaves and root ethanol extracts and fractions (chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water) were prepared and evaluated for radical scavenging activity (RSA) on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,20 -azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and metal chelating potential against copper and iron ions. Extracts were also appraised for in vitro inhibition of enzymes implicated on the onset of neurological diseases (acetylcholinesterase: AChE and butyrylcholinesterase: BuChE), type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, α-glucosidase), obesity/acne (lipase), and skin hyperpigmentation/food oxidation (tyrosinase). The total content of phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), and hydrolysable tannins (THTC) was evaluated by colorimetric methods, while the phenolic profile was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, coupled to a diode-array ultraviolet detector (HPLCUV-DAD). Extracts had significant RSA and FRAP, and moderate copper chelation, but no iron chelating capacity. Samples had a higher activity towards α-glucosidase and tyrosinase, especially those from roots, a low capacity to inhibit AChE, and no activity towards BuChE and lipase. The ethyl acetate fraction of roots had the highest TPC and THTC, whereas the ethyl acetate fraction of leaves had the highest flavonoid levels. Gallic, gentisic, ferulic, and trans-cinnamic acids were identified in both organs. The results suggest that L. intricatum is a promising source of bioactive compounds with food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical applications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Essential Oil of Myrtus communis L. effects In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation against Chickpea Blight (Ascochyta rabiei) Disease

In this study, (Myrtus communis L.) was explored in vitro and in vivo for controlling blight disease using two chickpea genotypes ILC 3279, INRA 199 and a local cultivar Bouazza. Blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei Pass. Lab. is major disease affecting chickpea production. To control this disease, chemical harmful fungicides are used hence, developing natural plant protection products as an alternative has become important regarding the environmental impact. The effect of essential oil (EO) extracted from myrtle leaves by hydrodistillation was evaluated on the growth of Ascochyta rabiei Pass. Lab. mycelium, by dilution method using chickpea culture medium added with 0, 200, 300, 500 and 1000 ppm. The radial growth of A. rabiei Pass.Lab. was inhibited at 40.9, 68.18 and 96.69%25 with 200, 300 and 500 ppm respectively. Myrtle essential oil used at 1000 ppm inhibited the fungus growth completely (100%25). In vitro EO efficacy was investigated using detached leaflets method inoculated with 5 micro%253Bl pathogen spore solution of 106 spores %252F ml concentration. Efficacy was investigated using 750 ppm EO solution. Disease (DS) Severity and disease incidence (DI) on detached leaflets were determined. Highest disease incidence was observed on Bouazza (100%25) followed by ILC 3279 (84.28%25) and INRA 199 (17.5%25). Myrtle essential oil showed an efficacy in all cases and decreased significantly disease incidence for Bouazza, ILC 3279 and INRA 199 to 63.33, 56.66 and 16%25 respectively. Disease severity showed the same profile, Bouazza noted the highest rate followed by ILC 3279 and INRA 199 with 60, 40 and 21%25 respectively and EO showed a significant efficacy and reduced these disease severity rates to 52 32 and 18 %25. The bioassay conducted in vivo under greenhouse conditions with plants including a negative control with any treatment and two other batches inoculated by hand held sprayer, a spore solution with a concentration of 106 spores%252F ml and treated or not with myrtle EO. Disease incidence percentage (DIP) decreased significantly under common myrtle EO compared to control in INRA 199 and ILC 3279 for severity percent index (SPI) no significant difference was observed for all genotypes under Myrtus communis L. essential oil treatment effect. This study showed Myrtus communis L. essential oil efficacy on chickpea blight disease in vitro on fungal radial growth and in vivo either on deatached leaflets or whole plants under greenhouse condition. This natural product reduced significantly blight disease incidence and severity. And to control disease, myrtle essential oil extraction as fungicide is a promising alternative against this disease

Detailed phytochemical characterization and bioactive properties of: Myrtus nivelii Batt & Trab

The endemic Algerian myrtle, Myrtus nivelii Batt & Trab., was evaluated for its bioactive properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities, and correlated with the individual phenolic compounds identified in its crude aqueous extract and subsequent organic fractions (ethyl acetate and butanol). Flavonols, such as myricetin, kaempferol and quercetin glycoside derivatives, were the major phenolic compounds found, along with the presence of ellagitannins. The ethyl acetate fraction contained the highest amount of phenolic compounds, followed by the butanol fraction and, finally, the crude aqueous extract. In general, all samples exhibited an excellent bioactivity, namely the ethyl acetate fraction that presented strong antioxidant activity, when compared to the standard trolox, strong cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity, especially against MRSA and MSSA. The present study revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction of M. nivelii could be used as a source of bioactive compounds in the food and pharmaceutical industries.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER under Programme PT2020 for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2013), L. Barros contract and S. Heleno (SFRH/BPD/101413/2014) grant. We greatly acknowledge the MESRS of Algeria for the financial support that allowed us to complete the internship period at the IPB in the PNE program. The authors are also grateful to the Interreg España-Portugal for financial support through the project 0377_Iberphenol_6_E).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio