800 research outputs found
Requirements for IT Governance in Organizations Experiencing Decentralization
International audienceDecentralization of organizations and subsequent change of their management and operation styles require changes in organization's processes and heavily involve IT. Enterprise Architecture (EA) frameworks fit to primarily centralized organizational structures, and as such have shortcomings when used in decentralized organizations. We illustrate this idea on the example of one organization in the Higher Education sector that faces decentralization of its structure and has to adapt to it. Overcoming these challenges requires some new principles to be introduced and incorporated into the EA knowledge. In particular for IT governance, in this study we argue that peer-to-peer principles can offer more suitable governance over current EA frameworks as they are able to better align with decentralized components of an organizational structure
The ins and outs of participation in a weather information system
In this paper our aim is to show even though access to technology, information or data holds the potential for improved participation, participation is wired into a larger network of actors, artefacts and information practices. We draw on a case study of a weather information system developed and implemented by a non-profit organisation to both describe the configuration of participation, but also critically assess inclusion and exclusion. We present a set of four questions - a basic, practical toolkit - by which we together with the organisation made sense of and evaluated participation in the system
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From Participatory Culture to Participatory Fatigue: The Problem With the Public
The Web has changed newswork dramatically. After the turn of the Millennium, the Web 2.0 was welcomed as a unique medium of participation, interaction, and democratization. Due to the increased interactivity of many websites, and the growing prominence of social networking sites such as Facebook that invited the creation and publication of user contributions, many journalism scholars promulgated the potentials of the Web to trigger participation, a new interactivity and, eventually, more transparency, accountability, and responsiveness. In this article, I show how I was equally full of hope that the participatory potential of the Web would become widespread among news organizations. However, recent findings show that most established newsrooms still do not practice what they preach. Even more so, many newsrooms show a participation fatigue, closing user comment sections due to participation inequality or challenging phenomena such as trolls, incivility, or hate-speech. Hence, I do not believe that the majority of legacy news media will further implement accountability practices and strengthen their responsiveness toward their publics. But I still have hope, and this hope comes from entrepreneurial journalism
Improved limits on the coupling of ultralight bosonic dark matter to photons from optical atomic clock comparisons
We present improved constraints on the coupling of ultralight bosonic dark
matter to photons based on long-term measurements of two optical frequency
ratios. In these optical clock comparisons, we relate the frequency of the
electric-octupole (E3)
transition in Yb to that of the electric-quadrupole (E2) transition of the same ion, and
to that of the transition in Sr.
Measurements of the first frequency ratio are
performed via interleaved interrogation of both transitions in a single ion.
The comparison of the single-ion clock based on the E3 transition with a
strontium optical lattice clock yields the second frequency ratio
. By constraining oscillations of the
fine-structure constant with these measurement results, we improve
existing bounds on the scalar coupling of ultralight dark matter to
photons for dark matter masses in the range of about . These results constitute an improvement by
more than an order of magnitude over previous investigations for most of this
range. We also use the repeated measurements of
to improve existing limits on a linear
temporal drift of and its coupling to gravity.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
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The ownership of digital infrastructure: Exploring the deployment of software libraries in a digital innovation cluster
Boundary resources have been shown to enable the arm’s-length relationships between platform owners and third-party developers that underlie digital innovation in platform ecosystems. While boundary resources that are owned by open-source communities and smaller-scale software vendors are also critical components in the digital infrastructure, their role in digital innovation has yet to be systematically explored. In particular, software libraries are popular boundary resources that provide functionality without the need for continued interaction with their owners. They are used extensively by commercial vendors to enable customization of their software products, by communities to disseminate open-source software, and by big-tech platform owners to provide functionality that does not involve control. This paper reports on the deployment of such software libraries in the web and mobile (Android) contexts by 107 startup companies in London. Our findings show that libraries owned by big-tech companies, product vendors, and communities coexist; that the deployment of big-tech libraries is unaffected by the scale of the deploying startup; and that context evolution paths are consequential for library deployment. These findings portray a balanced picture of digital infrastructure as neither the community-based utopia of early open-source research nor the dystopia of the recent digital dominance literature
Eigenvector localization as a tool to study small communities in online social networks
We present and discuss a mathematical procedure for identification of small
"communities" or segments within large bipartite networks. The procedure is
based on spectral analysis of the matrix encoding network structure. The
principal tool here is localization of eigenvectors of the matrix, by means of
which the relevant network segments become visible. We exemplified our approach
by analyzing the data related to product reviewing on Amazon.com. We found
several segments, a kind of hybrid communities of densely interlinked reviewers
and products, which we were able to meaningfully interpret in terms of the type
and thematic categorization of reviewed items. The method provides a
complementary approach to other ways of community detection, typically aiming
at identification of large network modules
Manipulation and removal of defects in spontaneous optical patterns
Defects play an important role in a number of fields dealing with ordered
structures. They are often described in terms of their topology, mutual
interaction and their statistical characteristics. We demonstrate theoretically
and experimentally the possibility of an active manipulation and removal of
defects. We focus on the spontaneous formation of two-dimensional spatial
structures in a nonlinear optical system, a liquid crystal light valve under
single optical feedback. With increasing distance from threshold, the
spontaneously formed hexagonal pattern becomes disordered and contains several
defects. A scheme based on Fourier filtering allows us to remove defects and to
restore spatial order. Starting without control, the controlled area is
progressively expanded, such that defects are swept out of the active area.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
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