3,888 research outputs found
Fairness criteria through the lens of directed acyclic graphical models
A substantial portion of the literature on fairness in algorithms proposes,
analyzes, and operationalizes simple formulaic criteria for assessing fairness.
Two of these criteria, Equalized Odds and Calibration by Group, have gained
significant attention for their simplicity and intuitive appeal, but also for
their incompatibility. This chapter provides a perspective on the meaning and
consequences of these and other fairness criteria using graphical models which
reveals Equalized Odds and related criteria to be ultimately misleading. An
assessment of various graphical models suggests that fairness criteria should
ultimately be case-specific and sensitive to the nature of the information the
algorithm processes
A proofâofâconcept pilot randomized comparative trial of brief Internetâbased compassionate mind training and cognitiveâbehavioral therapy for perinatal and intending to become pregnant women
Depression is a prevalent and costly mental health problem that affects women as well as their larger communities, with substantial impacts on mother and infant during childbearing years. Faceâtoâface care has not adequately addressed this global concern due to difficulties in scaling these resources. Internet interventions, which can provide psychological tools to those lacking adequate access, show promise in filling this void. We conducted a 2âcondition proofâofâconcept pilot randomized trial comparing brief Internetâbased cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and brief Internetâbased compassionate mind training (CMT) for women who are currently pregnant, became pregnant within the last year, and intend to become pregnant in the future. We found that, although CMT and CBT demonstrated near equivalence in improving affect, selfâreassurance, selfâcriticism, and selfâcompassion, CMT showed superiority to CBT in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms. These findings provide a compelling initial argument for the use of CMT as an avenue for addressing problems associated with negative affect. Implications, limitations, and future directions along this line of research will also be discussed.Campus Research Board at Palo Alto University
Elton C and Joan R Waelde Meditation Fellowshi
The Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury II. Tracing the Inner M31 Halo with Blue Horizontal Branch Stars
We attempt to constrain the shape of M31's inner stellar halo by tracing the
surface density of blue horizontal branch (BHB) stars at galactocentric
distances ranging from 2 kpc to 35 kpc. Our measurements make use of resolved
stellar photometry from a section of the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury
(PHAT) survey, supplemented by several archival Hubble Space Telescope
observations. We find that the ratio of BHB to red giant stars is relatively
constant outside of 10 kpc, suggesting that the BHB is as reliable a tracer of
the halo population as the red giant branch. In the inner halo, we do not
expect BHB stars to be produced by the high metallicity bulge and disk, making
BHB stars a good candidate to be a reliable tracer of the stellar halo to much
smaller galactocentric distances. If we assume a power-law profile r^(-\alpha)
for the 2-D projected surface density BHB distribution, we obtain a
high-quality fit with a 2-D power-law index of \alpha=2.6^{+0.3}_{-0.2} outside
of 3 kpc, which flattens to \alpha<1.2 inside of 3 kpc. This slope is
consistent with previous measurements but is anchored to a radial baseline that
extends much farther inward. Finally, assuming azimuthal symmetry and a
constant mass-to-light ratio, the best-fitting profile yields a total halo
stellar mass of 2.1^{+1.7}_{-0.4} x 10^9 M_sun. These properties are comparable
with both simulations of stellar halo formation formed by satellite disruption
alone, and with simulations that include some in situ formation of halo stars.Comment: 15 pages, 1 table, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
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