Traveling interface modulations and anisotropic front propagation in ammonia oxidation over Rh(110)

The bistable NH3 + O2 reaction over a Rh(110) surface was explored in the pressure range 10−6 -10−3 mbar and in the temperature range 300-900 K using photoemission electron microscopy and low energy electron microscopy as spatially resolving methods. We observed a history dependent anisotropy in front propagation, traveling interface modulations, transitions with secondary reaction fronts, and stationary island structures.Fil: Rafti, Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentina. Leibniz-Universität Hannover; AlemaniaFil: Borkenhagen, Benjamin. Technische Universität Clausthal; AlemaniaFil: Lilenkamp, Gerhard. Technische Universität Clausthal; AlemaniaFil: Lovis, Florian. Leibniz-Universität Hannover; AlemaniaFil: Smolinsky, Tim. Leibniz-Universität Hannover; AlemaniaFil: Imbihl, Roland. Leibniz-Universität Hannover; Alemani

Traveling interface modulations and anisotropic front propagation in ammonia oxidation over Rh(110)

The bistable NH3 + O2 reaction over a Rh(110) surface was explored in the pressure range 10−6–10−3 mbar and in the temperature range 300–900 K using photoemission electron microscopy and low energy electron microscopy as spatially resolving methods. We observed a history dependent anisotropy in front propagation, traveling interface modulations, transitions with secondary reaction fronts, and stationary island structures.Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicada

Surveillance for respiratory and diarrheal pathogens at the human-pig interface in Sarawak, Malaysia

Background The large livestock operations and dense human population of Southeast Asia are considered a hot-spot for emerging viruses. Objectives To determine if the pathogens adenovirus (ADV), coronavirus (CoV), encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), enterovirus (EV), influenza A-D (IAV, IBV, ICV, and IDV), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), and porcine rotaviruses A and C (RVA and RVC), are aerosolized at the animal-interface, and if humans working in these environments are carrying these viruses in their nasal airways. Study This cross-sectional study took place in Sarawak, Malaysia among 11 pig farms, 2 abattoirs, and 3 animal markets in June and July of 2017. Pig feces, pig oral secretions, bioaerosols, and worker nasal wash samples were collected and analyzed via rPCR and rRT-PCR for respiratory and diarrheal viruses. Results In all, 55 pig fecal, 49 pig oral or water, 45 bioaerosol, and 78 worker nasal wash samples were collected across 16 sites. PCV2 was detected in 21 pig fecal, 43 pig oral or water, 3 bioaerosol, and 4 worker nasal wash samples. In addition, one or more bioaerosol or pig samples were positive for EV, IAV, and RVC, and one or more worker samples were positive for ADV, CoV, IBV, and IDV. Conclusions This study demonstrates that nucleic acids from a number of targeted viruses were present in pig oral secretions and pig fecal samples, and that several viruses were detected in bioaerosol samples or in the nasal passages of humans with occupational exposure to pigs. These results demonstrate the need for future research in strengthening viral surveillance at the human-animal interface, specifically through expanded bioaerosol sampling efforts and a seroepidemiological study of individuals with exposure to pigs in this region for PCV2 infection.This article is published as Borkenhagen, Laura K., Kerry A. Mallinson, Rick W. Tsao, Siaw-Jing Ha, Wei-Honn Lim, Teck-Hock Toh, Benjamin D. Anderson, Jane K. Fieldhouse, Sarah E. Philo, Kuek-Sen Chong, William G. Lindsley, Alejandro Ramirez, James F. Lowe, Kristen K. Coleman, and Gregory C. Gray. "Surveillance for respiratory and diarrheal pathogens at the human-pig interface in Sarawak, Malaysia." PloS ONE 13, no. 7 (2018): e0201295. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201295. </p

Surveillance for respiratory and diarrheal pathogens at the human-pig interface in Sarawak, Malaysia

<div><p>Background</p><p>The large livestock operations and dense human population of Southeast Asia are considered a hot-spot for emerging viruses.</p><p>Objectives</p><p>To determine if the pathogens adenovirus (ADV), coronavirus (CoV), encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), enterovirus (EV), influenza A-D (IAV, IBV, ICV, and IDV), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), and porcine rotaviruses A and C (RVA and RVC), are aerosolized at the animal-interface, and if humans working in these environments are carrying these viruses in their nasal airways.</p><p>Study</p><p>This cross-sectional study took place in Sarawak, Malaysia among 11 pig farms, 2 abattoirs, and 3 animal markets in June and July of 2017. Pig feces, pig oral secretions, bioaerosols, and worker nasal wash samples were collected and analyzed via rPCR and rRT-PCR for respiratory and diarrheal viruses.</p><p>Results</p><p>In all, 55 pig fecal, 49 pig oral or water, 45 bioaerosol, and 78 worker nasal wash samples were collected across 16 sites. PCV2 was detected in 21 pig fecal, 43 pig oral or water, 3 bioaerosol, and 4 worker nasal wash samples. In addition, one or more bioaerosol or pig samples were positive for EV, IAV, and RVC, and one or more worker samples were positive for ADV, CoV, IBV, and IDV.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>This study demonstrates that nucleic acids from a number of targeted viruses were present in pig oral secretions and pig fecal samples, and that several viruses were detected in bioaerosol samples or in the nasal passages of humans with occupational exposure to pigs. These results demonstrate the need for future research in strengthening viral surveillance at the human-animal interface, specifically through expanded bioaerosol sampling efforts and a seroepidemiological study of individuals with exposure to pigs in this region for PCV2 infection.</p></div

Molecular positivity for PCV2 detected via rPCR in samples collected from 11 farms, 2 abattoirs, and 3 live animal markets in Sarawak, Malaysia in June and July of 2017.

<p>Sites beginning with ‘F’ denotes farm, ‘A’ denotes abattoir, and ‘M’ denotes market; porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2).</p

Molecular positivity for respiratory viruses detected via rPCR or rRT-PCR in samples collected from animal environments in Sarawak, Malaysia in June and July of 2017.

<p>Molecular positivity for respiratory viruses detected via rPCR or rRT-PCR in samples collected from animal environments in Sarawak, Malaysia in June and July of 2017.</p

Unadjusted odds ratios for risk factors associated with PCV2 molecular positivity of 55 pig fecal samples and 49 pig oral secretions or water samples collected from 11 pig farms in Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia in July 2017.

<p>Unadjusted odds ratios for risk factors associated with PCV2 molecular positivity of 55 pig fecal samples and 49 pig oral secretions or water samples collected from 11 pig farms in Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia in July 2017.</p

Perceptions of efficacy of personal protective equipment (PPE) at preventing cross-species infection, reported use, and viral positivity among PPE users in 77 worker nasal wash samples collected from farms, abattoirs, and live animal markets in Sarawak, Malaysia in June and July of 2017.

<p>Viral positivity is defined as a positive rPCR or rRT-PCR result for at least one of the following viruses: adenovirus, coronavirus, enterovirus, encephalomyocarditis virus, influenza A-D, porcine circovirus 2, or porcine rotavirus C.</p