Turismo gastronómico, los alimentos tradicionales como producto cultural: el caso de Aculco de Espinoza, México

En la actualidad, los alimentos se han convertido en algo que va más allá de cubrir una necesidad, hoy en día las personas se preocupan por los alimentos que consumen, asimimo, tienen interés en conocer la manera en que estos se preparan, saber acerca de las tradiciones y costumbres que involucran, así como adentrarse en los procesos de preparación. Esto también se visualiza en algunos turistas, los cuales se han vuelto más exigentes y al mismo tiempo están dispuestos a pagar más por vivir experiencias que hacen único su viaje, dichos turistas van motivados principalmente por la gastronomía, como las degustaciones, preparación de alimentos, catas, entre otros. A este tipo de turistas se les conoce como gastronómicos. En cuanto a la presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la relación del turismo gastronómico con los alimentos tradicionales de Aculco de Espinoza; Estado de México, desde la perspectiva de producto cultural, considerando el valor patrimonial que se le puede dar a dichos alimentos, para ser aprovechados con fines turísticos. Se retoma el modelo de Llorenç Prats (2005) empleado para la patrimonialización en torno a la activación patrimonial, la cual en la presente investigación, no sólo se pretende que los alimentos tradicionales sean puestos en valor, sino también los aspectos culturales que se reflejan en las prácticas culinarias, como son los conocimientos y usos. Considerando que el turismo contribuye a inducir la valorización de los alimentos tradicionales. Otro aspecto importante a conocer son los significados que éstos alimentos representan para los habitantes de Aculco. Por ello, la presente investigación, se basa en un enfoque mixto, sin embargo, profundiza en un enfoque cualitativo, ya que la importancia de éste reside en la valoración y significado que se les da a los alimentos tradicionales, lo cual permite conocer y analizar si estos alimentos pueden ser considerados como un producto cultural del turismo gastronómico de Aculco. Se utiliza el enfoque cuantitativo, específicamente, una encuesta aplicada a visitantes y turistas que acuden a Aculco, para identificar el perfil de dichos visitantes y determinar si el destino es considerado como turismo gastronómico o si tiene potencial para ser desarrollado

Inhibition and Adjective Learning in Bilingual and Monolingual Children

The ability to control attention – by inhibiting pre-potent, yet no longer relevant information – is an essential skill in all of human learning, and increasing evidence suggests that this ability is enhanced in language learning environments in which the learner is managing and using more than one language. One question waiting to be addressed is whether such efficient attentional control plays a role in word learning. That is, children who must manage two languages also must manage to learn two languages and the advantages of more efficient attentional control may benefit aspects of language learning within each language. This study compared bilingual and monolingual children’s performances in an artificial word-learning task and in a non-linguistic task that measures attention control. Three-year-old monolingual and bilingual children with similar vocabulary development participated in these tasks. The results replicate earlier work showing advanced attentional control among bilingual children and suggest that this better attentional control may also benefit better performance in novel adjective learning. The findings provide the first direct evidence of a relation between performances in an artificial word-learning task and in an attentional control task. We discuss this finding with respect to the general relevance of attentional control for lexical learning in all children and with respect to current views of bilingual children’s word learning

Age and growth estimates of the jumbo flying squid (Dosidicus gigas) off Peru

Mantle length (ML) and age data were analyzed to describe the growth patterns of the flying jumbo squid, Dosidicus gigas, in Peruvian waters. Six non-asymptotic growth models and four asymptotic growth models were fitted. Length-at-age data for males and females were analysed separately to assess the growth pattern. Multi-model inference and Akaike's information criterion were used to identify the best fitting model. For females, the best candidate growth model was the Schnute model with L∞ = 106.96 cm ML (CI 101.23–110.27 cm ML, P < 0.05), age at growth inflection 244.71 days (CI 232.82–284.86 days, P < 0.05), and length at growth inflection 57.26 cm ML (CI 55.42–58.51 cm ML, P < 0.05). The growth pattern in males was best described by a Gompertz growth model with L∞ = 127.58 cm ML (CI 115.27–131.80 cm ML, P < 0.05), t0 = 21.8 (CI 20.06–22.41, P < 0.05), and k = 0.007 (CI 0.006–0.007, P < 0.05). These results contrast with the growth model previously reported for D. gigas in the region, where the growth pattern was identified as non-asymptotic

The IDENTIFY study: the investigation and detection of urological neoplasia in patients referred with suspected urinary tract cancer - a multicentre observational study

Objective To evaluate the contemporary prevalence of urinary tract cancer (bladder cancer, upper tract urothelial cancer [UTUC] and renal cancer) in patients referred to secondary care with haematuria, adjusted for established patient risk markers and geographical variation. Patients and Methods This was an international multicentre prospective observational study. We included patients aged ≥16 years, referred to secondary care with suspected urinary tract cancer. Patients with a known or previous urological malignancy were excluded. We estimated the prevalence of bladder cancer, UTUC, renal cancer and prostate cancer; stratified by age, type of haematuria, sex, and smoking. We used a multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression to adjust cancer prevalence for age, type of haematuria, sex, smoking, hospitals, and countries. Results Of the 11 059 patients assessed for eligibility, 10 896 were included from 110 hospitals across 26 countries. The overall adjusted cancer prevalence (n = 2257) was 28.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.3–34.1), bladder cancer (n = 1951) 24.7% (95% CI 19.1–30.2), UTUC (n = 128) 1.14% (95% CI 0.77–1.52), renal cancer (n = 107) 1.05% (95% CI 0.80–1.29), and prostate cancer (n = 124) 1.75% (95% CI 1.32–2.18). The odds ratios for patient risk markers in the model for all cancers were: age 1.04 (95% CI 1.03–1.05; P < 0.001), visible haematuria 3.47 (95% CI 2.90–4.15; P < 0.001), male sex 1.30 (95% CI 1.14–1.50; P < 0.001), and smoking 2.70 (95% CI 2.30–3.18; P < 0.001). Conclusions A better understanding of cancer prevalence across an international population is required to inform clinical guidelines. We are the first to report urinary tract cancer prevalence across an international population in patients referred to secondary care, adjusted for patient risk markers and geographical variation. Bladder cancer was the most prevalent disease. Visible haematuria was the strongest predictor for urinary tract cancer

La ilustración platónica y los vitalistas modernos

La categoría historiográfica de L. Toledo “Ilustración platónica” advierte la continuidad teórica de la filosofía platónica en el Medievo y el Renacimiento a través de tres ejes: unidad metafísica, jerarquía ontológica y epistemología de la mismidad; Este artículo propone ampliar la aplicación de esta categoría considerando que los filósofos vitalistas de la modernidad temprana Henry More, Ralph Cudworth, Joseph Glanvill y Anne Conway no sólo son representantes la Ilustración platónica, sino también la consolidan pues resignifican estas categorías metafísicas y epistemológicas ante los retos de los modelos de explicación experimental, el fundamento y el alcance de la verdad en la ciencia y la relación indisoluble entre la virtud moral  y la virtud epistémica del siglo XVII

Pupillometry as a Window into Young Children&rsquo;s Sustained Attention

Sustained attention is critical to cognition, social competence, and academic success. Importantly, sustained attention undergoes significant development over the early childhood period. Yet, how sustained attention fluctuates over time on task has not been clearly outlined, particularly in young children. In this study, we provide a first test of whether the pupillary response can be used as an indicator of moment-to-moment sustained attention over time on task in young children. Children aged 5 to 7 years (N = 41) completed a psychomotor vigilance task, where they were asked to press a button as fast as possible at the onset of a target stimulus. We measured reaction times over the course of the task, pupil size prior to target onset (baseline pupil size), and pupil size in response to target onset (task-evoked pupil size). The results showed a stereotypical vigilance decrement in children&rsquo;s response times: as time on task increased, reaction times increased. Critically, children&rsquo;s task-evoked pupil size decreased over time on task, while no such change was present in baseline pupil size. These results suggest that young children&rsquo;s waning sustained attention may be linked to a decrease in alertness while overall arousal is maintained. We discuss the importance of leveraging pupillometry to understand the mechanisms of sustained attention over individuals and development

Probing the role of multilingualism and working memory in cross-situational word learning

The OSF makes public the data, R scripts, and stimuli for the article entitled "Probling the role of multilingualism and working memory in cross-situational word learning". The article was accepted for publication in Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition on March 8, 2024 (in press now)

Cross-situational word learning in children and adults: The case of lexical overlap

Cross-situational word learning, the ability to decipher word-referent links over multiple ambiguous learning events, has been documented across development and proposed to be key to vocabulary acquisition. However, this work has largely focused on learning from one-to-one structure, where each referent is consistently linked with a single label. In contrast, learners can encounter lexical overlap, such as when learning synonyms, which requires learning from structure that presents multiple labels linked with the same thing (many-to-one structure). Are children capable of cross-situational word learning from encounters presenting consistent lexical overlap? How does this ability change with age? Here, we provide a first test of cross-situational word learning from input presenting lexical overlap across age by testing 4- to 7-year-old children (N = 190) and adults (N = 80) on their ability to learn from one-to-one or two-to-one structure. Results showed that adults (Experiment 1) were successful at learning from both types of structure, with an advantage for one-to-one structure. Children (Experiment 2) performed less well than adults overall, and failed to learn from two-to-one structure. With extended training (Experiment 3), older children were successful at learning from two-to-one structure while younger children were not. These results provide the first evidence that cross-situational word learning from one-to-one and two-to-one structure improves over age