Underfilled blood tube containing EDTA: Is it an inappropriate sample for HbA1c assay?

IntroductionBlood samples having inappropriate volume are a substantial part of preanalytical errors. Inadequate sample volume for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) test may be a common problem of patients with diabetes mellitus having vascular changes. In this study, we compared HbA1c concentrations of underfilled and appropriately filled blood collection tubes. Materials and methodsTo compare HbA1c concentrations, blood samples were collected into 2 mL tubes containing K3-EDTA from 109 subjects. Two blood samples (underfilled and appropriately filled) were drawn from a patient by the same personnel and materials. HbA1c measurements were assayed on a Cobas 6000 analyser module c 501 (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). The HbA1c% results were compared by t-test and Wilcoxon’s signed-rank statistical methods (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). Bias analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 4.0. ResultsUnderfilled samples were classified three groups (group 1, N = 44; group 2, N = 36; and group 3, N = 29) according to the filling ratio of the samples; 0.5 mL and below ( 50%), respectively. When we compared underfilled tubes with pairing filled tubes, there was a statistically significant difference only with tubes filled less than 25% (P = 0.030). Furthermore, we have done bias analysis between paired tubes according to the diagnostic cut-off value of 6.5%. The bias was more prominent in up to 50% underfilled blood tubes (1.1%), when HbA1c concentrations were below the diagnostic cut-off of 6.5%. ConclusionsWe suggest that the blood tubes with EDTA for HbA1c measurement should be filled with at least 50% to avoid clinical variations

Inhuman or overman: Arendt and Badiou on the short century

Alain Badiou\u27s perception of the twentieth century\u27s "passion for the real" toward radical revolutionary change, contrasts markedly with Hannah Arendt\u27s own perspectives of this period, with the imposition of ideologies as systems of thought which resulted in pernicious processes of mass dehumanisation. Through a reading of Badiou\u27s The Century (2008), and Arendt\u27s political thinking of the twentieth century, this chapter not only explores the differences in their political theories, but also assesses the legacy that century bequeathed to the twenty-first century

Ethics, literature, and political philosophy: Don DeLillo, Badiou and Arendt

This dissertation argues that the status of the individual in contemporary mass society, and thus the writer, is increasingly compromised. It analyses Don DeLillo\u27s later realist novels to define the unique qualities and relevance of literature for today, and engages the works of Alain Badiou and Hannah Arendt

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Ethem İzzet'in Milliyet'te tefrika edilen Yakılacak Kitap adlı romanıTelif hakları nedeniyle romanın tam metni verilememiştir

Alimentação saudável se aprende na escola : a formação de uma horta

Orientadora: Silvana Regina Rossi Kissula SouzaMonografia (Especialização) - Universidade Aberta do Brasil Universidade Federal do Paraná. Coordenação de Integração de Politica de Educação a Distancia.Setor de Ciências da Saúde.Departamento de Enfermagem. Curso de Especialização em Saúde para Professores do Ensino Fundamental e Médi

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Ethem İzzet'in Milliyet'te tefrika edilen Izdırap Çocuğu adlı romanıTelif hakları nedeniyle romanın tam metni verilememiştir

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Ethem İzzet'in Resimli Gazete'de tefrika edilen Görünmeyen Cani adlı romanıTelif hakları nedeniyle romanın tam metni verilememiştir

Turning Antibodies into Ratiometric Bioluminescent Sensors for Competition-Based Homogeneous Immunoassays

Here we present LUCOS (Luminescent Competition Sensor), a modular and broadly applicable bioluminescent diagnostic platform enabling the detection of both small molecules and protein biomarkers. The construction of LUCOS sensors entails the covalent and site-specific coupling of a bioluminescent sensor component to an analyte-specific antibody via protein G-mediated photoconjugation. Target detection is accomplished through intramolecular competition with a tethered analyte competitor for antibody binding. We established two variants of LUCOS: an inherent ratiometric LUCOSR variant and an intensiometric LUCOSI version, which can be used for ratiometric detection upon the addition of a split calibrator luciferase. To demonstrate the versatility of the LUCOS platform, sensors were developed for the detection of the small molecule cortisol and the protein biomarker NT-proBNP. Sensors for both targets displayed analyte-dependent changes in the emission ratio and enabled detection in the micromolar concentration range (KD,app = 16-92 μM). Furthermore, we showed that the response range of the LUCOS sensor can be adjusted by attenuating the affinity of the tethered NT-proBNP competitor, which enabled detection in the nanomolar concentration range (KD,app = 317 ± 26 nM). Overall, the LUCOS platform offers a highly versatile and easy method to convert commercially available monoclonal antibodies into bioluminescent biosensors that provide a homogeneous alternative for the competitive immunoassay.</p