Some Experiences of Joint Venture Establishment and Operation in Hungary

Drives behind the creation of east-west joint ventures in different countries, despite some similarities, demonstrate national peculiarities. Differences as well as similarities can range from governmental policies regulating the economic behavior of enterprises to the strategies employed by different companies. East-west joint ventures have a relatively short history in all countries, rendering empirical studies of their problems and experiences necessary. IIASA's comparative study on east-west joint ventures and their operational problems is based on an international network. Many countries represented in this network have already conducted their own analyses of varying scope and depth. Such an analysis has been done by Hungary, and a summary of the findings are presented in this working paper. The study tries to resolve several research questions important from the point of view of national goals and policies. The findings and conclusions generalize the current practice of operating joint ventures in Hungary and demonstrate the need for more detailed studies in the future

Spectrum and polarization of laser light scattered by solids

Laser light scattering from yttrium-iron garne

t1/3t^{1/3} Superdiffusivity of Finite-Range Asymmetric Exclusion Processes on Z\mathbb Z

We consider finite-range asymmetric exclusion processes on $\mathbb Z$ with non-zero drift. The diffusivity $D(t)$ is expected to be of ${\mathcal O}(t^{1/3})$. We prove that $D(t)\ge Ct^{1/3}$ in the weak (Tauberian) sense that $\int_0^\infty e^{-\lambda t}tD(t)dt \ge C\lambda^{-7/3}$ as $\lambda\to 0$. The proof employs the resolvent method to make a direct comparison with the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process, for which the result is a consequence of the scaling limit for the two-point function recently obtained by Ferrari and Spohn. In the nearest neighbor case, we show further that $tD(t)$ is monotone, and hence we can conclude that $D(t)\ge Ct^{1/3}(\log t)^{-7/3}$ in the usual sense.Comment: Version 3. Statement of Theorem 3 is correcte

Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA, gyrB and catA genes and DNA-DNA hybridization reveal that Rhodococcus jialingiae is a later synonym of Rhodococcus qingshengii

The results of 16S rRNA, gyrB and catA gene sequence comparisons and reasserted DNA–DNA hybridization unambiguously proved that Rhodococcus jialingiae Wang et al. 2010 and Rhodococcus qingshengii Xu et al. 2007 represent a single species. On the basis of priority R. jialingiae must be considered a later synonym of R. qingshengii .</jats:p

Comparison of Bond Character in Hydrocarbons and Fullerenes

We present a comparison of the bond polarizabilities for carbon-carbon bonds in hydrocarbons and fullerenes, using two different models for the fullerene Raman spectrum and the results of Raman measurements on ethane and ethylene. We find that the polarizabilities for single bonds in fullerenes and hydrocarbons compare well, while the double bonds in fullerenes have greater polarizability than in ethylene.Comment: 7 pages, no figures, uses RevTeX. (To appear in Phys. Rev. B.

Space efficient opposed-anvil high-pressure cell and its application to optical and NMR measurements up to 9 GPa

We have developed a new type of opposed-anvil high pressure cell with substantially improved space efficiency. The clamp cell and the gasket are made of non-magnetic Ni-Cr-Al alloy. Non-magnetic tungsten carbide (NMWC) is used for the anvils. The assembled cell with the dimension \phi 29mm \times 41mm is capable of generating pressure up to 9 GPa over a relatively large volume of 7 mm3. Our cell is particularly suitable for those experiments which require large sample space to achieve good signal-to-noise ratio, such as the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment. Argon is used as the pressure transmitting medium to obtain good hydrostaticity. The pressure was calibrated in situ by measuring the fluorescence from ruby through a transparent moissanite (6H-SiC) window. We have measured the pressure and temperature dependences of the 63Cu nuclear-quadrupole-resonance (NQR) frequency of Cu2O, the in-plane Knight shift of metallic tin, and the Knight shift of platinum. These quantities can be used as reliable manometers to determine the pressure values in situ during the NMR/NQR experiments up to 9 GPa.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in J. Phys. Soc. Jp

Susceptibility of European pear cultivars to Venturia pirina Aderh. infection at a variety collection in Hungary

Field sensitivity of 271 European pear genotypes were evaluated in a large variety collection of pear in Hungary during a nine yearssurvey. Substantial differences were detected in the rate of pear scab infection of leaves and fruits. Some 18 per cent of the inspected genotypesremained completely free of infection even in the years with weather favouring to the disease. On the other hand, 78 % of the inspected genotypeswere infected in some or more extent. The rate of infection was generally higher on leaves than on fruits. 18.6 % of the genotypes inspectedwere tolerant to leaf infection and their majority (81.1 %) were tolerant to fruit infection. Some one fi fth of the genotypes (19.7 %) were highlysusceptible to leaf infection but only minor rate of them (2.2 %) were highly susceptible to fruit infection. There were 44 genotypes that couldbe regarded as tolerant to pear scab leaf and fruit infection under fi eld conditions. Some of these genotypes may be suitable to commercial peargrowing with highly reduced chemical control against pear but their yield capacity and fruit quality should be evaluated