Global timing: a conceptual framework to investigate the neural basis of rhythm perception in humans and non-human species

Timing cues are an essential feature of music. To understand how the brain gives rise to our experience of music we must appreciate how acoustical temporal patterns are integrated over the range of several seconds in order to extract global timing. In music perception, global timing comprises three distinct but often interacting percepts: temporal grouping, beat, and tempo. What directions may we take to further elucidate where and how the global timing of music is processed in the brain? The present perspective addresses this question and describes our current understanding of the neural basis of global timing perception

Measurement of electric fields in the ionosphere, volume 2 Final report, Aug. 1966 - Sep. 1967

Electric field meter, using electron beam deflection techniques, for ionospheric measurement

Measurement of electric fields in the ionosphere. Volume 1 - Technical summary report Final report, Aug. 1966 - Sep. 1967

Design and performance of electron beam electric field meter for ionospheric measurements near spacecraf

Aspirations, adaptive learning and cooperation in repeated games

Game Theory;Repeated Games

Municipal Constitutional Rights: A New Approach

The Constitution protects people, private corporations, states, and even branches of the federal government. But does it protect municipalities? For a long time, the answer was a resounding no. Municipalities were held to be creatures of the state, having no rights beyond those given to them by the state that created them. Constitutionally, this doctrine, exemplified by Hunter v. City of Pittsburgh, meant that when states gave powers to cities, this was a unilateral action, not a contract; if the state wanted to take back the powers, the Contracts Clause did not limit its ability to do so. Similarly, cities had no property rights against their creating states, so the Due Process Clause gave them no protection against state action. In its most expansive form, this doctrine meant that no part of the Constitution granted any rights to municipalities or municipal residents qua residents. Thus, Justice Cardozo, in Williams v. Mayor, could write for the Court that [a] municipal corporation, created by a state for the better ordering of government, has no privileges or immunities under the Federal Constitution which it may invoke in opposition to the will of its creator

The exhibition of Indigenous art as contemporary art, 1989-2015

Indigenous art first received widespread attention in the contemporary art world in the 1980s, when major institutions expanded their collections of it, and Indigenous curators were appointed at state museums and galleries. Ever since, Australian Indigenous art has been gradually accepted as a cultural practice in the public and institutionalised sphere. This shift bridged contemporary Indigenous and Western cultural domains, nonetheless, Indigenous art was a type of art that the West has been largely resistant to admitting as contemporary art. This thesis explores the relationship between the contemporary art world and Indigenous art from remote Australia. It argues that the field of contemporary art is sufficiently malleable to allow room for critiques of colonisation and patriarchy, nonetheless, there are challenges facing how Indigenous art is exhibited within that context, including de-contextualisation and a persisting Western art historical narrative, as demonstrated in the case studies considered in this thesis research. The inclusion of Indigenous art in several influential exhibitions in the late 20th and early 21st centuries is investigated in this thesis. These exhibitions span Magicians of the Earth, curated by Jean-Hubert Martin in 1989 in Paris, to Okwui Enwezor’s 2015 Venice Biennale All the World’s Futures. This thesis critically examines these influential large-scale contemporary art exhibitions that featured the work of Indigenous artists, as well as discusses various approaches to exhibiting Indigenous art, cultivated by Indigenous and non-Western curators. This research indicates that the curatorial profession is still lacking in Indigenous voices and perspectives. Through discussion of the pioneering curatorial work of Djon Mundine, Hetti Perkins, Stephen Gilchrist and other Indigenous curators, this thesis demonstrates how their cultural knowledge and practice endows them with broader frames of reference for presenting Indigenous art to the public. A central argument is that Indigenous curators are vital for the exhibition of Indigenous art in a contemporary art context, as they are well placed to highlight the cultural, social and geographical contexts in which Indigenous art is made. This research also extends to analyse the novel theorisation and curation of non-Western and Australian Indigenous art in the work of Okwui Enwezor, a Nigerian-American curator, whose globalist standpoint offers new perspectives to exhibiting Indigenous art within and outside Australia

Parties in Israel: Between Law and Politics

The decline in prestige and influence of the political parties in Israel, particularly the larger parties, has become a source of distress for many in Israel. Similarly, in the United States, where the significance of parties is also recognized, many have shown concern for weakening of the dominant political parties. In the American system where politics are ruled by two strong national parties, one of the most common concerns is aimed at the potential possible damage to smaller parties and independent candidates. But, in Israeli, the nature of politics is becoming increasingly sectoral, personal, superficial and populist. As is often characteristic of public discourse in Israel, many have reacted by holding the legal system responsible for this phenomenon. This essay examines this contention by comparing Israeli and American law. On a more general level, it considers the complex relationships between the law of a given country and the style and quality of its politics

A Molecular Mechanism for Endocytic Recycling of the M5 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (MRs), a family of five G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), play an essential role in the regulation of mammalian physiology. In the brain, MR-mediated neurotransmission is required for the control of movement and motivated behavior by the basal ganglia, and MR dysfunction may contribute to schizophrenia, Alzheimerʼs disease, and motor disorders. Functional studies of the muscarinic receptors have been hampered by a lack of selective pharmacology, poor receptor immunoreactivity and a wide, overlapping pattern of expression. MRs are characterized by the presence of a large third intracellular loop domain (i3), the sequence of which is divergent between MR subtypes. The i3 is known to determine signaling and trafficking characteristics of GPCRs by binding to defined subsets of regulatory and effector proteins. In an effort to discover novel, subtype-specific muscarinic receptor regulatory mechanisms, we performed yeast two-hybrid proteinprotein interaction screens with the five MR i3 regions. An interaction between M5 and the Arf GAP protein AGAP1 was detected, and was observed to be specific to the M5 subtype. This interaction was confirmed in vitro, and was shown to mediate the binding of the AP-3 adaptor complex to the M5 i3. Immunocytochemical and live cell imaging of primary rat hippocampal neurons revealed co-localization of M5 and AGAP1- or AP-3- positive vesicles after treatment with a muscarinic agonist. Activity-induced receptor trafficking studies demonstrated that interaction with AGAP1 and activity of AP-3 were required for the endocytic recycling of M5 in neurons, the lack of which resulted in downregulation of cell surface receptor density. M5 has been shown to be expressed in the dopaminergic neurons of the ventral midbrain and to function in the presynaptic modulation of dopamine release in the striatum. Results from dopamine release studies suggest that the abrogation of AGAP1-mediated recycling decreases the magnitude of presynaptic M5-mediated release potentiation. Our study demonstrates a novel, neuronspecific trafficking function for AGAP1 and AP-3, and suggests the presence of a previously unknown receptor recycling pathway that may underlie mechanisms of sustained sensitivity of GPCRs

alpha-Synuclein promotes dilation of the exocytotic fusion pore

The protein α-synuclein has a central role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Like that of other proteins that accumulate in neurodegenerative disease, however, the function of α-synuclein remains unknown. Localization to the nerve terminal suggests a role in neurotransmitter release, and overexpression inhibits regulated exocytosis, but previous work has failed to identify a clear physiological defect in mice lacking all three synuclein isoforms. Using adrenal chromaffin cells and neurons, we now find that both overexpressed and endogenous synuclein accelerate the kinetics of individual exocytotic events, promoting cargo discharge and reducing pore closure ('kiss-and-run'). Thus, synuclein exerts dose-dependent effects on dilation of the exocytotic fusion pore. Remarkably, mutations that cause Parkinson's disease abrogate this property of α-synuclein without impairing its ability to inhibit exocytosis when overexpressed, indicating a selective defect in normal function