Sympathoadrenergic modulation of hematopoiesis: a review of available evidence and of therapeutic perspectives

Innervation of the bone marrow (BM) has been described more than one century ago, however the first in vivo evidence that sympathoadrenergic fibers have a role in hematopoiesis dates back to less than 25 years ago. Evidence has since increased showing that adrenergic nerves in the BM release noradrenaline and possibly also dopamine, which act on adrenoceptors and dopaminergic receptors expressed on hematopoietic cells and affect cell survival, proliferation, migration and engraftment ability. Remarkably, dysregulation of adrenergic fibers to the BM is associated with hematopoietic disturbances and myeloproliferative disease. Several adrenergic and dopaminergic agents are already in clinical use for non-hematological indications and with a usually favourable risk-benefit profile, and are therefore potential candidates for non-conventional modulation of hematopoiesis

Corporatocracy : Megakonzerne im Wandel der Zeit

Corporatocracy bezeichnet eine Gesellschaft oder ein gesellschaftlich-politisches System, das durch ein Unternehmen kontrolliert wird. In der Arbeit wird historischen Beispielen nachgegangen und danach gefragt, welche Merkmale derartige Unternehmen in den unterschiedlichen Epochen ausweisen. Dazu werden drei historische Beispiele näher betrachtet:Die italienische Gesellschaft der Peruzzi (13. Jhdt.), welche sowohl als Handelsunternehmen, als auch als Bankhaus wirkte. Die Peruzzi prägten den Handel zwischen dem westlichen Europa und dem Nahen Osten, und als Bankhaus finanzierten sie Kriege in vielen Teilen Europas.Die Britische Ostindische Kompanie (17. Jhdt.) gilt als erster moderne Aktiengesellschaft. Sie schaffte es innerhalb von wenigen Jahren, die Handelsroute von Europa nach Ostasien zu kontrollieren und die dort angesiedelte Bevölkerung systematisch zu unterdrücken.Mit dem aktuellsten Beispiel Alphabet Inc. (21. Jhdt.) wird deutlich, welche Möglichkeiten der MachtenfaltungTechnologie-Unternehmen haben. Die drei historischen Beispiele werden v.a. in Hinblick auf ihre Organisationsstruktur, die Geschäftstätigkeit, ihre Quellen der Macht und ihre negativen Konsequenzen untersucht. Die Arbeit zeigt Unterschiedlichkeiten und Parallelen zwischen diesen Unternehmen auf.Corporatocracy refers to a society or a socio-political system controlled by a company. The thesis examines historical examples and asks about the characteristics of such companies in the different epochs. Three historical examples are examined in more detail:The Italian company of the Peruzzi (13th century), which was both a trading company and a bank. The Peruzzi shaped trade between Western Europe and the Middle East, and as a bank they financed wars in many parts of Europe.The British East Indian Company (17th century) is considered the first modern joint-stock company. Within a few years, it managed to control the trade route from Europe to East Asia and systematically suppress the population there.With the latest example Alphabet Inc. (21st century) reveals the possibilities of power-shaping technology companies. The three historical examples are examined primarily regarding to their organisational structure, business activities, sources of power and their negative consequences. The thesis shows differences and parallels between these companies.Michael BencsicsZusammenfassungen in Deutsch und EnglischAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der VerfasserinKarl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Masterarbeit, 2018(VLID)271631

Front Matter

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Eine Synopse der burgenländischen Kroaten durch Jahrhunderte

This paper is an attempt to compile a summary of the results of research on the dispersed ethnic group of the Croatian minority in Burgenland. Until now, only a few national and regional descriptions have been made. The need for compiling a summary arises from the frequency of segmented considerations on national culture. However, the integration of Central European culture into the EU requires a holistic approach

Egy Nyugat-magyarországi vállalat belső marketingkommunikációja 2020-2021-ben

A szakdolgozatomban a BPW-Hungária Kft. belső marketinkommunikációját, valamint a vállalatnál használt kommunikációs eszközöket kívánom bemutatni

Intrastriatal implantation of fibroblasts genetically engineered to produce brain-derived neurotrophic factor prevents degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Although various treatments are successfully used to alleviate the symptoms of PD, none of them prevents or halts the neurodegenerative process of the disease. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin family of proteins, supports the survival and the differentiation of dopaminergic neurons. BDNF also prevents the death of dopaminergic neurons in vitro, which suggests that it may be of possible use in the development of neuroprotective therapies for PD. To determine whether BDNF is neuroprotective for SNpc dopaminergic neurons in the adult brain, we used a rat model of PD in which degeneration of 60-70% of these neurons was induced by an intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). We report here that intrastriatal grafts of fibroblasts genetically engineered to produce BDNF partially prevent the loss of nerve terminals and completely prevent the loss of cell bodies of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway that is induced by the intrastriatal injection of 6-OHDA. In contrast, the implantation of control fibroblasts that did not produce BDNF failed to protect nerve terminals and cell bodies against 6-OHDA-induced damage. Our observation that grafts of BDNF-producing fibroblasts protect against 6-OHDA-induced degeneration of SNpc dopaminergic neurons in the adult rat brain opens new perspectives for treatments aimed at the prevention of neurodegeneration in PD, using gene therapy and neurotrophic factors such as BDNF

Characterization of Hortulanus Endogenous Murine Leukemia Virus, an Endogenous Provirus That Encodes an Infectious Murine Leukemia Virus of a Novel Subgroup

Simple retroviruses present a unique opportunity for examining the host-virus relationship. Following exogenous infection and integration into the germ line, copies of these viruses can become fixed within the genome. The resulting endogenous proviral “fossils” represent a record of past retroviral infections and forms. Previous work in our laboratory has been directed at dissecting the extensive nonecotropic murine leukemia virus content of the mouse genome. One such provirus, hortulanus endogenous murine leukemia virus (HEMV), found in a single copy in the genome of Mus spicilegus, was remarkable for characteristics that suggested that it was ancient and related to the hypothetical common ancestor of murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) and other gammaretroviral species. In the present study, we have analyzed its functional properties. Transfection of a molecular clone of the HEMV provirus into mouse-derived cell lines revealed that it is replication competent. Furthermore, host range and interference studies revealed a strictly ecotropic host range and the use of a receptor distinct from those used by other classical MLVs. The identity of nucleotide sequence of the long terminal repeats (LTRs) further suggested that HEMV is a relatively recent insertion into the M. spicilegus genome at the distal end of chromosome 7. Although unique to M. spicilegus, its presence in a homozygous state in three individuals obtained from different regions implies that it has been present long enough to become fixed in this species. Exhaustive phylogenetic analysis of all regions of the HEMV genome supported the previously assigned ancestral position of HEMV relative to other MLV-related viruses. Thus, HEMV is a relatively recent introduction into the Mus germ line but is representative of a relatively ancestral MLV group