Pronostic visuel et évolution réfractive après chirurgie de la cataracte congénitale avec implantation primaire: Étude d’une série de 108 cas

La cataracte congénitale constitue la cause la plus fréquente de cécité évitable chez les enfants. Le but de cette étude est d'évaluer le pronosticréfractif et fonctionnel, des enfants opérés de cataracte congénitale avec implantation. Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective de 108 enfants, dont 85cataractes bilatérales, 23 unilatérales opérés entre 2007 et 2011. La réfraction a été mesurée à 1 mois, 3 mois, 6 mois, 1 an, 2 ans, 3 ans et/ou 4 ans en post-opératoire. La meilleure acuité visuelle corrigée, ainsi que l'incidence des complications post-opératoires ont été analysé. L'âge moyen de la chirurgie était de 25 mois avec une durée moyenne de suivi de 3,17 ans. Les complications retrouvées étaient l'inflammation, la prolifération secondaire, et le glaucome. L'acuité visuelle (AV) moyenne corrigée finale était de 5,75/10e pour les formes bilatérales, et de  4,16/10e pour les unilatérales (p = 0,001). Les facteurs de mauvais pronostic retrouvés étaient l'âge tardif de la chirurgie, la densité de la cataracte et la survenue de complications (p = 0,001). L'incidence des complications post-opératoires était significativement plus élevé chez les enfants opérés à un jeune âge (p = 0,001). Les facteurs de mauvais pronostic visuel chez les enfants opérés pour cataracte congénitale avec implantation, sont représentés par le caractère unilatéral de la cataracte, l'âge tardif de la chirurgie, la densité de la cataracte et la survenue de complications post opératoires

Presynaptic Nicotinic α7 and Non-α7 Receptors Stimulate Endogenous GABA Release from Rat Hippocampal Synaptosomes through Two Mechanisms of Action

BACKGROUND: Although converging evidence has suggested that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) play a role in the modulation of GABA release in rat hippocampus, the specific involvement of different nAChR subtypes at presynaptic level is still a matter of debate. In the present work we investigated, using selective α7 and α4β2 nAChR agonists, the presence of different nAChR subtypes on hippocampal GABA nerve endings to assess to what extent and through which mechanisms they stimulate endogenous GABA release. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS: All agonists elicited GABA overflow. Choline (Ch)-evoked GABA overflow was dependent to external Ca(2+), but unaltered in the presence of Cd(2+), tetrodotoxin (TTX), dihydro-β-erythroidine (DHβE) and 1-(4,4-Diphenyl-3-butenyl)-3-piperidinecarboxylic acid hydrochloride SKF 89976A. The effect of Ch was blocked by methyllycaconitine (MLA), α-bungarotoxin (α-BTX), dantrolene, thapsigargin and xestospongin C, suggesting that GABA release might be triggered by Ca(2+) entry into synaptosomes through the α7 nAChR channel with the involvement of calcium from intracellular stores. Additionally, 5-Iodo-A-85380 dihydrochloride (5IA85380) elicited GABA overflow, which was Ca(2+) dependent, blocked by Cd(2+), and significantly inhibited by TTX and DHβE, but unaffected by MLA, SKF 89976A, thapsigargin and xestospongin C and dantrolene. These findings confirm the involvement of α4β2 nAChR in 5IA85380-induced GABA release that seems to occur following membrane depolarization and opening calcium channels. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Rat hippocampal synaptosomes possess both α7 and α4β2 nAChR subtypes, which can modulate GABA release via two distinct mechanisms of action. The finding that GABA release evoked by the mixture of sub-maximal concentration of 5IA85380 plus sub-threshold concentrations of Ch was significantly larger than that elicited by the sum of the effects of the two agonists is compatible with the possibility that they coexist on the same nerve terminals. These findings would provide the basis for possible selective pharmacological strategies to treat neuronal disorders that involve the dysfunction of hippocampal cholinergic system

Atteinte palpébrale isolée au cours d’un syndrome de lyell sévère secondaire au Paracetamol et l’Amoxicilline protégée : à propos d’un cas

Le syndrome de Lyell est une maladie dermatologique aigue et très grave due à une allergie médicamenteuse et caractérisé par la destruction brutale de la couche superficielle de la peau et des muqueuses. Nous rapportons le cas original d'une fille de 8 ans ayant pris pour la première fois dans sa vie du paracétamol et de l'amoxicilline protégée suite à laquelle elle a développé un syndrome de Lyell sévère avec comme atteinte oculaire une kératinisation des bords libres des paupières. Les paupières étaient alors ouvertes chirurgicalement et on a découvert que les globes oculaires étaient intacts avec une mobilité parfaite. En post opératoire on a posé des anneaux à symblépharons avec prescription des lubrifiants.Le syndrome de lyell est une maladie très grave, avec un pronostic vital mis en jeu à la phase aiguë. Les séquelles invalidantes sont fréquentes.En cas de suspicion d’un syndrome de Lyell, le médicament suspecté doit être arrêté le plus rapidement possible, ce qui permet d’améliorer le pronostic vital

Assessment Parameters and Matching between the Sites and Wind Turbines

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to introduce the assessment parameters of the wind energy production of sites and pairing between the sites and wind turbines. The exploration is made with the wind data gathered at 10 m high is based on the atlas of the wind of Algeria established by the National office of the Meteorology runs 37 stations of measures. The data is used for a feasibility analysis of optimum future utilization of Wind generator potentiality in five promising sites covering a part of landscape types and regions in Algeria.Detailed technical assessment for the ten most promising potential wind sites was made using the capacity factor and the site effectiveness approach.The investigation was performed assuming several models of small, medium and big size wind machines representing different ranges of characteristic speeds and rated power suitable for water pumping and electric supply. The results show that small wind turbines could be installed in some coast region and medium wind turbines could be installed in the high plateau and some desert regions and utilized for water supply and electrical power generation, the sites having an important wind deposit, in high plateau we find Tiaret site's but in the desert there is some sites for example Adrar, Timimoun and In Amenas, in these sites could be installed a medium and big size wind turbines

RF/Analog Performances Enhancement of Short Channel GAAJ MOSFET using Source/Drain Extensions and Metaheuristic Optimization-based Approach

This paper presents a hybrid strategy combining compact analytical models of short channel Gate-All-Around Junctionless (GAAJ) MOSFET and metaheuristic-based approach for parameters optimization. The proposed GAAJ MOSFET design includes highly extension regions doping. The aim is to investigate the impact of this design on the RF and analog performances systematically and to show the immunity behavior against the short channel effects (SCEs) degradation. In this context, an analytical model via the meticulous solution of 2D Poisson equation, incorporating source/drain (S/D) extensions effect, has been developed and verified by comparing it with TCAD simulation results. A comparative evaluation between the proposed GAAJ MOSFET structure and the classical device in terms of RF/Analog performances is also investigated. The proposed design provides RF/Analog performances improvement. Furthermore, based on the presented analytical models, Genetic Algorithms (GA) optimization approach is used to optimize the design of S/D parameters. The optimized structure exhibits better performances, i.e., cut-off frequency and drive current are improved. Besides, it shows superior immunity behavior against the RF/Analog degradation due to the unwanted SCEs. The insights offered by the proposed paradigm will help to enlighten designer in future challenges facing the GAAJ MOSFET technology for high RF/analog applications

Integer partitions into diophantine pairs

Let n, a and b be positive integers. The pair (a; b) is called an integer partition of n into Diophantine pair if n = a+b, ab+1 is a perfect square and a > b. In this paper we give, for any positive integer n, a closed formula for the number of integer partitions into Diophantine pairs.Mathematics Subject Classication (2010): Primary 05A17; Secondary 11P83.Key words: Integer partitions, Diophantine pairs, τ (n), qD(n;m), qD(n; 2)

Cryogel-supported stem cell factory for customized sustained release of bispecific antibodies for cancer immunotherapy

Combining stem cells with biomaterial scaffolds provides a promising strategy for the development of drug delivery systems. Here we propose an innovative immunotherapeutic organoid by housing human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), gene-modified for the secretion of an anti-CD33-anti-CD3 bispecific antibody (bsAb), in a small biocompatible star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)-heparin cryogel scaffold as a transplantable and low invasive therapeutic machinery for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The macroporous biohybrid cryogel platform displays effectiveness in supporting proliferation and survival of bsAb-releasing-MSCs overtime in vitro and in vivo, avoiding cell loss and ensuring a constant release of sustained and detectable levels of bsAb capable of triggering T-cell-mediated anti-tumor responses and a rapid regression of CD33(+) AML blasts. This therapeutic device results as a promising and safe alternative to the continuous administration of short-lived immunoagents and paves the way for effective bsAb-based therapeutic strategies for future tumor treatments